| FIX PROBLEM | ENGLISH SOUND | - | COMMON ERROR | - | PRACTICE MATERIALS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiced. Friction. Tongue between lips. | /ð/ | "they" | /d/ | "day" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 42 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 5 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 22 |
| Tongue moves from front centre to front high. | /eɪ/ | "late" | /e/ | "let" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 34 "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 38 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 15 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 8 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 9 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 1 |
| Start with tongue low front. | /aɪ/ | "buy" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 35 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 16 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 8 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 10 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 1 |
||
| Start with tongue low & back. | /ɔɪ/ | "boy" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 36 "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 39 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 17 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 10 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 49 |
||
| From low front vowel to lips tightly rounded. | /aʊ/ | "cow" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 41 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 19 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 8 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 10 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 12 |
||
| Tongue central. Then tightly round lips. | /əʊ/ | "note" | /ɒ/ | "not" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 40 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 14 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 6 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 47 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" Unit 5 |
| Tongue from centre front. Draw back to centre. | /eə/ | "bear" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 47 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 10 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 50 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" Unit 5 |
||
| Tongue low front to high front to centre. | /aɪə/=/aɪ/+/ə/ | "fire" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 45 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 50 |
||
| Tongue low front. Then round & unround lips. | /aʊə/=/aʊ/+/ə/ | "flour" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 45 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 50 |
||
| Make friction with top teeth & bottom lip. | /f/ | "leaf" | /p/ | "leap" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 36 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 37 "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 59 "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 62 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 8 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 1 |
| Voiced. Friction with top teeth & bottom lip. | /v/ | "Hove" | /p/ | "Hope" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 60 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 9 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 11 |
| Voiced. Friction with top teeth & bottom lip. | /v/ | "vet" | /w/ | "wet" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 81 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 38 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 2 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 4 |
Keep tongue front & low and jaws apart. | /æ/ | "cat" | /ɑ:/ | "cart" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 6 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 6 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" Unit 3 |
| Voiceless. Friction. Tongue between teeth. | /θ/ | "thin" | /s/ | "sin" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 41 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 5 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 21 |
| Sides of tongue to back teeth. Tip points up. | /r/ | "right" | /l/ | "light" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 73 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 48 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 17 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 2 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 27 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" Unit 10 |
| Tip of tongue behind top teeth. | /d/ | "made" | /t/ | "mate" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 53 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 27 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 3 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 4 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" Unit 9 |
| Make friction: tip of tongue behind top teeth. | /s/ | "rice" | /t/ | "right" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 64 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 30 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 5 |
| Voiced: tip of tongue behind top teeth. Friction. | /z/ | "rise" | /s/ | "rice" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 65 "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 66 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 31 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 12 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 3 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 15 |
| Voiceless. Friction. Front of tongue to palate. | /ʃ/ | "push" | /t/ | "put" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 68 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 16 |
| Voiceless. Friction. Front of tongue to palate. | /ʃ/ | "sherry" | /ʧ/ | "cherry" | "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 13 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 34 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 14 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 9 |
| Voiced: Front of tongue to palate. Friction. | /ʤ/ | "beige" | /t/ | "bait" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 69 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 33 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 17 |
| Unvoiced: Tip to alveolar. Front to palate. | /ʧ/ | "watch" | /t/ | "what" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 56 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 34 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 14 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 13 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 8 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 9 |
| Voiced: Tip to alveolar. Front to palate. | /ʤ/ | "wage" | /t/ | "wait" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 57 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 35 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 8 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 19 |
| Voiced: Tip to alveolar. Front to palate. | /ʤ/ | "Jerry" | /ʃ/ | "sherry" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 35 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 14 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 11 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" Unit 10 |
| Voiced stop: back of tongue to back roof. | /g/ | "game" | /k/ | "came" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 55 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 29 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 10 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 4 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 6 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" Unit 7 |
| Air goes over sides of tongue & out of mouth. | /ɫ/ | "bill" (dark) | /n/ | "bin" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 46 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 26 |
| Voiceless. Friction. Tongue between teeth. | /θ/ | "thin" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 61 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 41 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 13 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 5 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 3 |
EXTERNAL LINK: Non-native pronunciations of English: Thai L1