Information links

Please note:

All medical references MUST be used for information only.
A medical specialist MUST be consulted in all cases.

All references found using google.com

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Tethered Cords

• http://www.tetheredcord.com: a US-based support group for people with all types of tethered cord. Regular email contacts and discussions. Sign up through yahoo groups
  
• http://www.lfsn.org
  Lipomyelomeningocele Family Support Network resource site
• http://www.neurosurgery4kids.com
• http://www.spinabifida-incontinence.info/ch3.htm
• http://www.boston-neurosurg.org/ampitheater/tetheredcord.html
• http://www.nyneurosurgery.org/
• http://www.muhealth.org/~neuromedicine/tetheredcord.shtml
• http://www.cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/nsg/PNS/TetheredSpinalCord.html
• http://www.bcm.tmc.edu
• http://www.ucch.org
• http://www.spinabifida-incontinence.info/ch3.htm
• http://www.muhealth.org/~neuromedicine/tetheredcord.shtml
• http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/pednsurg/disorder/tethered.htm
• http://www.drexel.edu/med/neurosurgery/ped/ostomy_files/frame.htm#slide0002.htm
  Powerpoint presentation on tethered spinal cord

XXX Annual Meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Kyoto, Japan, October 2002 (browse for information on spinal articles)

Akay, K.M., Y. Ersahin and Y. Cakir, "Tethered Cord Syndrome in Adults", Acta Neurochirurgica, 142(10) (2000): 1111[-]15

Abayev, B., R. Alexandrescu and B.S. Koppel, "Recovery of Function Following Surgery and Rehabilitation for Tethered Cord Syndrome", Hospital Physician (May 2002)

Aliredjo, R.P., J. de Vries, T. Menovsky, J.A. Grotenhuis and J. Merx, "The Use of Gore-Tex Membrane for Adhesion Prevention in Tethered Spinal Cord Surgery: Technical Case Reports", Neurosurgery, 44(3) (March 1999): 674[-]77

Archibeck, M.J. et al., "Surgical Release of Tethered Spinal Cord: Survivorship Analysis and Orthopedic Outcome", Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 17(6) (Nov-Dec 1997): 773[-]6

Balkan, E., N. Kilic, I. Avsar, S. Boyaci, K. Aksoy and H. Dogruyol, "Urodynamic Findings in the Tethered Spinal Cord: The Effect of Tethered Cord Division on Lower Urinary Tract Functions", European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 11(1) (April 2001): 116[-]19

Blount, J.P., "Spinal Lipomas", Neurosurgical Focus, 10(1) (January 2001) (article 3)

Boemers, T.M., J.D. van Gool and T.P. de Jong, "Tethered Spinal Cord: The Effect of Neurosurgery on the Lower Urinary Tract and Male Sexual Function", British Journal of Urology, 76(6) (December 1995): 747[-]51

Boemers, T.M., "Urodynamic Findings in Adults with Tethered Cord Syndrome", Journal of Urology, 162(6) (December 1999): 2105

Bulsara, K.R., A.R. Zomorodi, A.T. Villavicencio, H. Fuchs and T.M. George, "Clinical Outcome Differences for Lipomyelomeningocele, Intraspinal Lipomas and Lipomas of the Filum Terminale", Neurosurgery Review, 24 (2001): 192[-]94

Cartwright, C., "Primary Tethered Cord Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment of an Insidious Defect", Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 32(4) (August 2000): 210[-]15

Colak, A., I.F. Pollack and A.L. Albright, "Recurrent Tethering: A Common Long Term Problem after Lipomyelomeningocele Repair", Pediatric Neurosurgery, 29(4) (October 1998): 184[-]90

Cornette, L. et al., "Tethered Cord Syndrome in Occult Spinal Dysraphism: Timing and Outcome of Surgical Release", Neurology, 50(6) (June 1998): 1761[-]65

Dias, M.S. and M. Partington, "Embryology of Myelomeningocele and Anencephaly", Neurosurgical Focus, 16(2) (2004): Article 1

Elton, S. and W.J. Oakes, "Dermal Sinus Tracts of the Spine", Neurosurgical Focus, 10(1) (January 2001)

Fone, P.D. et al., "Urodynamic Findings in the Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome: Does Surgical Release Improve Bladder Function?", Journal of Urology, 157(2) (Feb 1997): 604[-]9

Gaskill, S.J., "Primary Closure of Open Myelomeningocele", Neurosurgical Focus, 16(2) (2004): Article 3

Giddens, J.L., S.B. Radomski, E.D. Hirshberg, M. Hassouna and M. Fehlings, "Urodynamic Findings in Adults with the Tethered Cord Syndrome", Journal of Urology, 161(4) (April 1999): 1249[-]54

Gupta, S.K., V.K. Khosla, B.S. Sharma, S.N. Mathuriya, A. Pathak and M.K. Tewari, "Tethered Cord Syndrome in Adults", Surgical Neurology, 52(4) (October 1999): 362[-]69

Guyotat, J., P. Bret, E. Jouanneau, A.C. Ricci and C. Lapras, "Tethered Cord Syndrome in Adults", Neuro-Chirugie, 44(2) (April 1998): 75[-]82

Holtzman, R.N. and B.M. Stein, The Tethered Cord, New York: Thieme-Stratton, 1985

Horn, F. et al., "Diastematomyelia and the Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome", Rozgledy V Chirigii, 80(5) (May 2001): 242[-]5

Hudgins, R.J. and C.L. Gilreath, "Tethered Spinal Cord Following Repair of Myelomeningocele", Neurosurgical Focus, 16(2) (2004): Article 7

Iskandar, B.J., B.B. Fulmer, M.N. Hadley and W.J. Oakes, "Congenital Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome in Adults", Journal of Neurosurgery, 88(6) (June 1998): 958[-]61

Iskandar, B.J., B.B. Fulmer, M.N. Hadley and W.J. Oakes, "Congenital Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome in Adults", Neurosurgical Focus, 10(1) (January 2001)

Jindal, A. and A.K. Mahapatra, "Spinal Congenital Dermal Sinus: An Experience of 23 cases over 7 years", Neurology India, 49 (September 2001)

Kaluza, J. and E. Gruszka, "Congenital Defects of the Spinal Part of the Neural Tube", Przeglad Lekaski, 55(4) (1998): 155[-]8

Kothbauer, K. and R.W. Seiler, "Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome in Adults", Nervenarzt, 68(4) (1997): 285[-]91

Kothbauer, K.F., "Intraoperative Monitoring for Tethered Cord Surgery: An Update" Neurosurgery Focus, 16(2) (2004): Article 8

Koyanagi, I. et al., "Surgical Treatment Supposed Natural History of the Tethered Cord with Occult Spinal Dysraphism", Childs Nervous System, 13(5) (May 1997): 268[-]74

Kusaka, Y., R. Shirane and T. Yoshimoto, "Surgical Treatment of Tethered Cord Syndrome", American Association of Neurological Surgeons, December 2002

Maroun, F.B. and J.C. Jacob, "Tethered Cord in Adults", Surgical Neurology, 52(4) (October 1999): 362[-]70

McLone, D.G., "The Adult with a Tethered Cord", Clinical Neurosurgery, 43 (1996): 203[-]09

McLone, D.G. and F. La Marca, "The Tethered Spinal Cord: Diagnosis, Significance and Management", Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 4(3) (September 1997): 192[-]208

Nu, O.J., T. Jaspan and J.A.G. Punt, "Tethered Cord Syndrome after Myelomeningocele Repair", British Medical Journal, 318 (1999): 516-517

Palmer, L.A., I. Richards and W.E. Kaplan, "Subclinical Changes in Bladder Function in Children Presenting with Non-Urological Symptoms of the Tethered Cord Syndrome", Journal of Urology, 159(1) (Jan 1998): 231[-]4

Phuong, L.K., K.A. Schoeberl, and C. Raffel, "Natural History of Tethered Cord in Patients with Meningomyelocele", Neurosurgery, 50 (2002): 989[-]995

Pople, I.K. and D.N. Ralphs, "An Aetiology for Fistula in Ano", British Journal of Surgery, 75(9) (September 1988): 904[-]95

Prats, A.R., "Surgical Management of Congenital Spinal Lesions", International Pediatrics, 16(1) (2001)

Proctor, M.R. and R.M. Scott, "Long Term Outcome for Patients with Split Cord Malformation", Neurosurgical Focus, 10(1) (January 2000)

Raghaven, N., A.J. Barkovich, M.S. Edwards and D. Norman, "MR Imaging in the Tethered Cord Syndrome", American Journal of Neuroradiology, 15 (1994): 1021[-]29

Ratliff, J., P.S. Mahoney and D.G. Kline, "Tethered Cord in Adults", Southern Medical Journal, 92(12) (December 1999): 1199[-]1203

Selcuki, M. and K. Coskun, "Management of Tight Filum Terminale Syndrome with Special Emphasis on Normal Level Conus Medullaris", Surgical Neurology, 50(4) (October 1998): 318[-]22

Souweidane, M.M. and J.M. Drake, "Retethering of Sectioned Fibrolipomatous Filum Terminales: Report of Two Cases", Neurosurgery, 42(6) (June 1998): 1390[-]93

Van Leeuwen, R., N.C. Notermans and W.P. Vandertop, "Surgery in Adults with Tethered Cord Syndrome: Outcome Study with Independent Clinical Review", Journal of Neurosurgery, 94(2 Suppl) (April 2001): 205[-]09

Warder, D.E., "Tethered Cord Syndrome and Occult Spinal Dysraphism", Neurosurgical Focus, 10(1) (January 2001)

Weprin, B.E. and W.J. Oakes, "Coccygeal Pits", Pediatrics, 105(5) (May 2000): 69

Yamade, Shokei (editor), Tethered Cord Syndrome, American Association of Neurosurgeons Publications Committee, 1996

Yamada, S. and R.R. Lonser, "Adult Tethered Cord Syndrome", Journal of Spinal Disorders, 13(4) (August 2000): 319[-]23

Yamada, S., D.J. Won and S.M. Yamada, "Pathophysiology of Tethered Cord Syndrome: Correlation with Symptomatology", Neurosurgical Focus, 16(2) (2004): Article 6

Yundt, K.D., T.S. Park and B.A. Kaufman, "Normal Diameter of Filum Terminale in Children", Pediatric Neurosurgery, 27(5) (November 1997): 257[-]59

Zide, B., S. Constantini and F.J. Epstein, "Prevention of Recurrent Tethered Spinal Cord", Pediatric Neurosurgery, 22(2) (1995): 111[-]14

Spinal dysraphism

• http://www.ohsu.edu/sompedneurosurg/tethered_cord.htm
  Powerpoint presentation on Spinal Dysraphism Detethering: Is It Worth It?
• http://www.archpediatrics.com See Epelman, M. (below)

Boyvat, A., T. Yazar, P. Ekmekci and E. Gurgey, "Lumbosacral Vascular Malformation: A Hallmark for Occult Spinal Dysraphism", Dermatology, 201(4) (2000): 374[-]76

Capella, G.L. and G. Altomare, "Cockade Nevi and Spinal Dysraphism", International Journal of Dermatology, 39(4) (April 2000): 318[-]20

Carter, C.O., "Spinal Dysraphism: Genetic Relation to Neural Tube Malformations", Journal of Medical Genetics, 13 (1976): 343[-]50

Caruso, R., L. Cervoni, F. Fiorenze, A.M. Vitale and M. Salvati, "Occult Dysraphism in Adulthood", Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences, 40(3-4) (Sep-Dec 1996): 221[-]25

Chopra, S., M.S. Gulati, S.B. Paul, P. Hatimota, R. Jain and S. Sawhney, "MR Spectrum in Spinal Dysraphism", European Radiology, 11(3) (2001): 497[-]505

Cornette, L. et al., "Closed spinal dysraphism: A Review on Diagnosis and Treatment in Infancy", European Journal of Paedicatric Neurology, 2(4) (1998): 179[-]85

Drolet, B., "Birthmarks to Worry About: Cutaneous Markers of Dysraphism", Dermatologic Clinics, 16(3) (July 1998): 447[-]53

Drolet, B.A., "Cutaneous Signs of Neural Tube Dysraphism", Pediatric Clinics of North America, 47(4) (August 2000): 813[-]23

Dubowitz, V., "Closed Spinal Dysraphism", European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2(6) (1998): 324[-]6

Epelman, M., "Occult Spinal Dysraphism (Tethered Cord, Diastematomyelia, and Spinal Lipoma)", Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 156, (April 2002)

Guth Kelch, A.N., R.A. Jones and J. Zierski, "Diastematomyelia", Dev. Med. Child Neurology (supplement), 13 (1971): 137[-]38

Kriss, V.M. et al., "Occult Spinal Dysraphism in the Infant", Clinical Pediatrics, 34(12) (Dec 1995): 650[-]4

Oakes, W.J., "Occult Spinal Dysraphism", Neurosurgical Focus, 10(1) (January 2001)

Rauzzino, M.J. et al., "Spinal Neurenteric Cysts and their Relation to More Common Aspects of Occult Spinal Dysraphism", Neurosurgical Focus, 10(1) (January 2001)

Santiago Medina, L., M. al-Orfali, D. Zurakowski, T.Y. Poussaint, J. DiCanzio and P.D. Barnes, "Occult Lumbosacral Dysraphism in Children and Young Adults: Diagnostic Performance of Fast Screening and Conventional MR Imaging", Radiology, 211(3) (June 1999): 767[-]71

Satar, N., S.B. Bauer, J. Shefner, M.D. Kelly and M.M. Darbey, "The Effects of Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment in Patients with an Occult Spinal Dysraphism", Journal of Urology, 154 (2 Pt 2) (August 1995): 754[-]58

Schut, L., N.L. Sutton and A.C. Duhaine, "Congenital Neurological Disorders of the Lumbar Spine Presenting in the Adult" in The Adult Spine: Principles and Practice, edited by W.J. Frymover, New York: Raven Press, 1991

Soonawala, N., W.C. Overweg-Plandsoen and O.F. Brouwer, "Early Clinical Signs and Symptoms in Occult Spinal Dysraphism: A Retrospective Case Study of 47 Patients", Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 101(1) (March 1999): 11[-]14

Williams, A.R. and A.R. Barth, "In-utero Sonographic Recognition of Diastematomyelia", AJR, 144 (1985): 87

Wolpert, S.M. and P.D. Barnes, MRI in Pediatric Neuroradiology, New York: Mosby Year Book, 1992

Spine information

• http://www.spine-health.com/topics/anat/a04.html
  Spinal cord and nerve roots in detail
• http://www.spine-health.com/topics/surg/overview/lumbar/lumb03.html
  Microdiscectomy
• http://www.spine-health.com/topics/surg/psychprep_why/ppw01.html
  Psychological preparation for surgery
• http://www.spine-health.com/topics/surg/rehab/rehab01.html
  Rehabilitation after spinal surgery
• http://www.spine-health.com/topics/cd/sciatica.html
  Sciatica explained
  
• http://www.wehealnewyork.org.inn.anatomy/anatomy.html
  Neuroanatomy and physiology of the nervous system
• http://www.neurologychannel.com/backpain
  Anatomy of the back, back pain types and causes, diagnosis, and treatment
• http://www.espine.com/diagnosis_ll.html
  Focuses on lumbar laminectomy, but also provides good diagrams of the anatomy of the back
• http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/
  Research site. Search for 3d diagram of spine, nerves and bones
• http://www.bartleby.com
  An old publication, but very detailed information on human anatomy
• http://www.health.qld.gov.au/
  Anatomy of the vertebral column and spinal cord. Need pdf reader to open this
• http://www.burtonreport.com/InfSpine/InformSpineHomePage.htm
  Information on spine conditions
• http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/spinal.html
  Information on spine conditions. Good diagrams and graphics of the spinal cord
• http://www.spinalinjury.net/html/_spinal_cord_101.html
  Spinal cord injury page. Excellent diagrams of the spinal column and nerves
• http://www.spinalcord.uab.edu
  Spinal Cord Injury Information Network
• http://carecure.rutgers.edu/spinewire/ARTICLES/scischemia/scischemia.html
  Vascular and CSF supply of the spinal cord
• http://www.esurgeon.com/scripts/content/anatomyandcauses
  Good diagrams of the spinal column and individual vertebrae
• http://www.fiu.edu/~biology/zoo3731/spinalcord.htm
  Medical school page, but easy to understand explanations
• http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic667.htm
  Covers Cauda Equina and Conus Medullaris Syndromes
• http://www.aafp.org/afp/990201ap/575.html
  Clinical evaluation and treatment options for herniated lumbar disc article
• http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/nerve/spinaln.htm
  Details of spinal nerves and links to a whole website on the nervous system

Dolan, P., K. Greenfield, R.J. Nelson and I.W. Nelson, "Can Exercise Therapy Improve the Outcome of Microdiscectomy?", Spine, 25/12 (June 2000): 1523[-]32

Isla, A. and F. Alvarez, "Spinal Epidural Fibrosis Following Lumbar Discectomy and Antiadhesion Barrier", Neurocirugia, 12(5) (October 2001): 439[-]46

Patel, N. and I.K. Pople, "Revisional Lumbar Microdiscectomy: An Analysis of Operative Findings and Clinical Outcome", British Journal of Neurosurgery, (6) (1995): 733[-]7

Patel, N., "Surgical Disorders of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: A Guide for Neurologists", Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 72 (2002): i42[-]i48

Porchet, F., D. Lombardi, J. de Peux and I.K. Pople, "Inhibition of Epidural Fibrosis with ADCON-L: Effect on Clinical Outcome One Year Following Reoperation for Recurrent Lumbar Radiculopathy", Neurosurgical Research, 1999, Suppl. 1: 551[-]60

Spina Bifida

Association for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (Asbah)
Asbah House
42 Park Road
Peterborough
PE1 2UQ
UK
Tel: 01733 555988
Fax: 01733 555985
Email: postmaster@asbah.org
http://www.asbah.org

Index of links to publications by Asbah: pdf files

The Association for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (ASBAH) is a National Registered Charity No: 249338, established in 1966. It offers practical help and information to individuals with spina bifida and/or hydrocephalus and their families. It has specialist advisers in mobility, continence, hydrocephalus, education etc. It also arranges contact between affected families through local associations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It publishes "LIFT" newsletter for young people, "LINK" journal six times a year and "HN (Hydrocephalus) News". It has a wide range of information available, details on request. The Association has over 2000 families and individuals in touch.

Scottish Spina Bifida Association
190 Queensferry Road
Edinburgh
EH4 2BW
Tel: 0131 332 0743
Fax: 0131 343 3651
Email: mail@ssba.org.uk

The Association is a National Registered Charity No: CR39869, established in 1965. It offers family support service throughout Scotland providing information, support and advice to all members and their families. It publishes a quarterly journal, "Contact", and has a wide range of information available, details on request. The Association has over 3500 members.

Irish Association for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus
Old Nangor Road
IE-Clondalkin
Dublin 22
+353 1 457 2326

Spina Bifida Association of America
4590 MacArthur Boulevard NW
Suite 250
Washington DC
20007 USA
001 202 944 3285
http://www.sbaa.org

ASBAH equivalent in Canada
http://www.sbhac.ca/

Spina bifida

• http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/spibi.html
  Neuroscience for kids. Explains SB and tethered cords simply and with good graphics
• http://the-callahans.com/susete/definition.html
  Describes Andrew Callahan's life with spina bifida
  
• http://www.spinabifida.org/occulta.htm
  Australian spina bifida site
• http://www.fortunecity.com/millenium/plumpton/268/sb.htm
  Page full of links for spina bifida
• http://www.mybookmarks.com/public/SB_Parents/#current
  Multiple resources on different aspects of living with SB
• http://www.neurosurgery.org/pubpages/patres/faq_bifida.html
  Question and answer session from The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Further links at the end of the page
• http://www.spinabifidamoms.com/about.html
  Management of Myelomeningocele Study home page. Covers SB in detail
• http://www.spinabifidamoms.com/graphics/med_eng/fig1eng.gif
  Graphics from the MOMS page
• http://www.sbaa.org/html/sbaa_facts.html
• http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic557.htm
  Covers spina bifida in detail
• http://www.spinabifida.org
  Queensland Australia spina bifida site
• http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2805.htm
  Neural tube defects in the neonatal period. Be warned: some pictures are alarming if you are squeamish!
• Dias, M.S. and M. Partington, "Embryology of Myelomeningocele and Anencephaly", source not known
  

Hydrocephalus

• http://www.neurologychannel.com/hydrocephalus
• http://www.hydroassoc.org
  USA Hydrocephalus Association website
• http://www.neurosurgery.org/focus/apr99/6-4-2.html
  Neuroendoscopic Third Ventriculostomy article
  

Aquilina, K., R.J. Edwards and I.K. Pople, "Placement of an Ommaya Reservoir at Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV): A Useful Adjunct in the Diagnosis of Ventriculostomy Failure", Eur J Pediatr Surg, 11(Suppl 1) (2001): S60-S68

Edwards, R.J. and I.K. Pople, "Death and Third Ventriculostomy", Journal of Neurosurgery, 98(3) (2003): 649-50

Kulkarni, A.V., J.M. Drake and M. Lamberti-Pasculli, "Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infection: A Prospective Study of Risk Factors", Journal of Neurosurgery, 94(2) (February 2001)

Lifshutz, J.I. and W.D. Johnson, "History of Hydrocephalus and its Treatments", Neurosurgical Focus, 11(2) (2001)

Pople, I.K., R. Bayston and R.D. Hayward, "Infection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts in Infants: A Study of Etiological Factors", Journal of Neurosurgery, 77(1) (July 1992): 29[-]36

Pople, I.K., M.S. Muhlbauer, R.A. Sanford and E. Kirk, "Results and Complications of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in 303 Children", Pediatric Neurosurgery, 23(2) (1995): 64[-]67

Pople, I.K. and D. Ettles, "The Role of Endoscopic Choroid Plexus Coagulation in the Management of Hydrocephalus", Neurosurgery, 36(4) (April 1995): 698[-]702

Pople, I.K., R.E. Edwards and C. Aquilina, "Endoscopic Management of Hydrocephalus Treatment", chapter in Neurosurg Clin N Am, 12(4) (October 2001): 719[-]35

Pople, IK., editorial of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida, Eur J Pediatr Surg, 11(Suppl 1) (2001): S3

Pople, IK., "Hydrocephalus and Shunts: What the Neurologist Should Know", Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, (73) (2002): 17i[-]22i

Whitelaw, A., I. Pople, S. Cherian and D. Evans, "Phase 1 trial of prevention of hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants by drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy", Pediatrics (September 2002), and on neonatalneurology.org.uk

Pes cavus

• http://www.orthopaedic.ed.ac.uk/studenthandfoot/slide0004.htm
• http://pedsurg.surgery.uab.edu/cme/lbh/lbh52.jpg
• http://www.boa.ac.uk/bofss/cavusfor.htm
  British Orthopaedic Foot Surgery Society site
• http://www.drfoot.co.uk
  Good overall site on feet. Hammer toes explained

Brewerton, D.A., P.H. Sandifer and D.R. Sweetman, "Idiopathic Pes Cavus - An Investigation into its Aetiology", British Medical Journal, 2 (1963): 659

Coleman, S.S. and W.J. Chestnut, "A Simple Test for Hindfoot Flexibility in the Cavovarus Foot", Clinical Orthopaedics, 123 (1977): 60

Wright, D.G., M.E. Desai and B.S. Henderson, "Action of the Subtalar and Ankle Joint Complex during Stance Phase of Walking", Journal of Bone Joint Surgery, 46A (1964): 361

Arachnoiditis

• http://www.arachnoiditistrust.org
  UK Arachnoiditis Trust. Also has good diagrams of human body dermatomes
• http://www.aboutarachnoiditis.org
  New Zealand-based site for arachnoiditis sufferers
• http://www.arachnoiditis.net/anatomy.html
  Information, self help and support from and for people with arachnoiditis
• http://www.cofwa.org/AdhesArach.htm
  Circle of Friends with Arachnoiditis
• http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic49.htm
  Extensive article on arachnoiditis

Chronic Pain

• http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_article_chronic_pain.htm
  Study on chronic pain
• http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_article_chronic_pain.htm
  Study links chronic pain to signals in the brain
• http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/pubs/pain.htm
  Coverage of pain, how it works and potential treatments
• http://www.painlinks.org/neuro_arach.html
  Chronic pain links
• http://www.spine-health.com/topics/cd/chronic_pain/chronicpain01.html
  Chronic pain as a disease - why does it still hurt?
• http://www.cpa.ca/factsheets/chronic_pain.htm
  Psychology works for Chronic Pain
• http://www.procovery.com/files/manage_depr_article.htm
  Managing Depression: While Chronic Pain and Depression can go hand in hand, they don't have to.
• http://www.iasp-pain.org/dict.html
  A Virtual Pocket Dictionary of Pain Terms
• http://www.northbristol.nhs.uk/depts/criticalcare/painmanagement/links.asp
  Frenchay Pain Management site - an excellent resource!

Neuropathic Pain

• http://www.bmj.com
  Search for Peripheral Neuropathy. A good article is Hughes, R.A., "Peripheral Neuropathy", British Medical Journal, 324 (2002): 466[-]469
• http://www.uspharmacist.com
  Search for "Treatment Options for Neuropathic Pain" article
• http://www.iasp-pain.org/terms-p.html
  Pain Terminology and Definitions
• http:aafp.org/afp/971200ap/mcknight.html
  Paresthesias: A Practical Diagnostic Approach
• http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/sadhelp/mpain.htm
  Understanding Neuropathic Pain
• Carpenter, S., "Hope on the Horizon: Behavioural researchers are uncovering promising new ways to treat chronic pain", Monitor on Psychology, 33(4) (April 2002)
• Gunn, C.C., "Neuropathic Myofascial Pain Syndromes", from "Bonica's Management of Pain", J.D. Loeser et al., 3rd edition, Linnincott Williams and Wilkins
• Laws, E.R., "Peripheral Nerve Surgery - Editorial", J Neurosurg, 87 (2003): 1157-1158

Human Anatomy

• http://courses.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/embryo/index.htm
  Embryology of the Central Nervous System
• http://www.jdaross.mcmail.com/Autonomic/ANS.htm
  The Autonomic Nervous System explained
• http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html
  Nervous system - groups of nerves
  
• http://www.hmc.psu.edu/sciweb/anat/anat4.htm
  Spinal cord anatomy and physiology. Also gives advice on skin care and bladder management after SCI
• http://carecure.rutgers.edu
  Vascular and Cerebrospinal Supply of the Spinal Cord
• http://www.podiatrychannel.com/anatomy
  Overview of the anatomy of the human foot. Good clear explanatory images too

General and Miscellaneous Information

• http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/
  An outstanding online medical dictionary. Not a website for cancer
  
• http://www.aircast.com
  Aircast braces for sportsmen and women recovering from injury. I also use Aircast braces daily to reduce the swelling in my legs and ankles
  
• http://www.mediuk.co.uk
  UK supplier of graduated medical compression stockings for all persons dealing with phlebology and lymphology
• http://www.neurosurgery.uk.net
  Frenchay Hospital neurosurgical department website
  
• http://www.bmj.com
  British Medical Journal, accessible online
• http://jnnp.bmjjournals.com/
  Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, accessible online
• http://www.christopherreeve.org
  Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation. As would be expected, it has very good coverage of SCI and contains definitions of neurological terms
• http://www.rsdhope.org
  Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome and Chronic Pain
• http://www.directenquiries.com
  The National Disabled Access Register

In the UK, the following may be useful for Disabled Travellers:

• http://www.holidaycare.org.uk
• http://www.radar.org.uk
• http://www.tripscope.org.uk
• http://www.allgohere.com
• http://www.accessibletravel.co.uk
• http://www.access-travel.co.uk
• http://www.chalfont-line.co.uk
• http://www.uphillskiclub.co.uk
• http://www.wft.org.uk
• http://www.access-able.com
• http://www.independentliving.org

Anderson, J.E. and A. Grant, Atlas of Anatomy, 8th edition, Baltimore and London: Williams and Wilkins, 1983

Clemente, Camine D., Anatomy: A Regional Atlas of the Human Body, 2nd edition, Baltimore and Munich: Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1981

Gilman, S. and S.W. Newman, Essentials of Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology, 7th edition, Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co, 1987

Goodrich, J.T., "History of Spine Surgery in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds", Neurosurgical Focus, 16(1) (2004): Article 2

Klekamp, J., "The Pathophysiology of Syringomyelia - Historical Overview and Current Concept", Acta Neurochi, 2002

Lindsay, K.W. and I. Bone, Neurology and Neurosurgery Illustrated, 3rd edition

McDonnell, D.E., "History of Spinal Surgery: One Neurosurgeon's Perspective", Neurosurgical Focus, 16(1) (2004): Article 1

Thongtrangan, I., L. Hoang, J. Park and D.H. Kim, "Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery: A Historical Perspective", Neurosurgical Focus, 16(1) (2004): Article 13

Wilkins, R.H and S.S. Rengachary, Neurosurgery, New York: McGraw Hill, date unknown

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