Born:
Died: 1089
| Lanfranc was an Italian trained in law who became a Benedictine monk at Bec in Normandy. His abilities were noticed by William of Normandy who made him the abbot for his abbey of St. Stephen at Caen. Lanfranc moved to England after the Conquest and in 1070, when Archbishop Stigand was deposed by a Church Council and excommunicated, he was appointed the new Archbishop of Canterbury. Lanfranc was highly regarded by the King and when William had to do back to Normandy to put down rebellions Lanfranc was trusted to run England. He held several great Councils that changed and shaped the English Church. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1070 | | Lanfranc becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
| | | William the Conqueror placed Lanfranc in the position of Archbishop of Canterbury a move designed to strengthen his hold on the English throne. Thomas of Bayeux, a pupil of Odo (William's brother), was put in the position of Archbishop of York after the death of Ealred who died on September 11, 1069. Archbishop Stigand was imprisoned in Winchester. | | 1071 - 1077 | Canterbury Cathedral rebuilt by Lanfranc
| | | Canterbury Cathedral was rebuilt at this time by Archbishop Lanfranc. The Cathedral was based on the design of his abbey in Caen. | | 1072 | Feb | Council of Winchester
| | | Lanfranc held a Church council at Winchester where the reoganisation of Bishops and Bishoprics war confirmed. Canterbury was also confirmed as the head of the English Church rather than York. | | 1075 | | Council of London
| | | At the Council of London Archbishop Lanfranc instigated the movement of many English Bishoprics to more important locations. One of these was the Bishopric of Sherborne and Wilton which moved to Old Sarum. | | 1087 | Sep 26 | William II (Rufus) crowned at Westminster
| | | William II (Rufus) was crowned at Westminster by Archbishop Lanfranc after the death of his father William the Conqueror. | | 1088 | Spring | William Rufus calls for support
| | | William Rufus had insufficient men at his disposal to deal with the rebellion in the south-east as there were too many ports to guard. The King called the representatives of the fyrd (the ordinary people of the country organised into an army) to a meeting in London where, with the support Lanfranc, he promised the people better laws and the removal of unfair taxes if they supported him against the rebels. The people agreed and together with the King they captured the castle at Tonbridge after a two day siege. | | 1089 | May 24 | Lanfranc dies
| | | After the death of Archbishop Lanfranc William Rufus held open the post of Archbishop of Canterbury for four years taking the revenues for his own purposes. | | 1093 | | Anselm Becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
| | | Anselm became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1093 succeeding Lanfranc. The post of Archbishop of Canterbury had been held open by William Rufus so that he could collect for himself the church's income. Anselm died in 1109. |
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Born:
Died: 1228
| Archbishop of Canterbury. After the death of Hubert Walter, king John wanted John Gray, bishop of Norwich as the new archbishop. The bishops and monks instead voted Reginald, the prior of Canterbury. John forced the election of Gray, but pope Innocent III did not agree and held a vote between Gray and Reginald that ended in a draw. The pope chose Langton instead. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1072
| Leofric was the first Bishop of Exeter after the see had been moved from Crediton. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1050 | | See of Devon and Cornwall moved to Exeter
| | | The See of Devon and Corwall had been located at Crediton in Devon but in 1050 Edward the Confessor moved the See to Exeter. This moved the cathedral from an obscure location to a more important one. Edward gave the new Bishopric to Leofric. |
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Born:
Died: 1057
| Leofric rose to power during the reign of Canute and Edward the Confessor. He became the Earl of Mercia and controlled large parts of the Midlands. He supported Edward against the Godwines. He appears to have been quite religious as there are records of him founding abbeys at Coventry and Wenlock. Leofric died in 1057. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1035 | Nov 12 | Canute dies
| | | King Canute died at Shaftesbury leaving the rule of the country in dispute between Harthacnut (the son of Emma) and Harold Harefoot (the son of Aelfgifu). The Earls of Northumbria and Mercia supported Harold's claim while Earl Godwine supported Harthacanute's. | | 1040 | | A new minter at Much Wenlock
| | | Earl Leofric builds a new Minster on the site of older religious buildings at Much Wenlock. | | 1043 | | Leofric founds Coventry Abbey
| | | Leofric and his lady Godgifu found the Abbey on the site of Coventry Cathedral. Godgifu may have been the famous Lady Godiva who rode naked through the streets of Coventry to save the townsfolk from paying high taxes. |
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Born:
Died: 1066
| Son of Godwine, Earl of Wessex. Died at the Battle of Hastings. |
| Family Tree Details |  | |  Leofwine (Earl of Kent and Essex) ( - d.1066)
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Born:
Died: 1368
| Son of Edward III. | | Family Tree Details | | | |
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Born:
Died: 11 Dec 1282
| In 1255 Llewelyn ap Gruffydd became the most powerful Welsh leader in the north west of Wales. It was not long before he had the support of the other Welsh lords and in 1258 became the 'Prince of Wales'. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1240
| Llewelyn the Great was the supreme leader of the Welsh Lords during the early years of Henry III's reign. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1215 | | Llewellyn captures Cilgerran Castle
| | | Llewellyn's fight against the Normans continued with the capture of Cilgerran Castle. | | | Llewellyn captures Abervagenny Castle
| | | The castle at Abervagenny was captured from King John's forces by Llewellyn. | | 1220 | | Llewelyn raids Pembrokeshire
| | | Llewelyn, the Prince of Wales, began raiding Pembrokeshire to retake land that he accused William Marshall, the younger, of stealing. | | 1222 | | William the younger retakes his castles
| | | Llewelyn, the Prince of Wales, had captured the castles at Carmarthen and Cardigan but both were recaptured by William Marshall, the younger. | | 1223 | | Cilgerran Castle recaptured
| | | William Marshall, the younger, recaptured the castle at Cilgerran from Llewelyn ap Iorwerth. | | 1233 | | Earl of Pembroke's revolt
| | | Richard, Earl of Pembroke in alliance with Llewelyn of Wales join forces to fight Henry III. (Details required). |
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| | At the end of 1189, William Longchamp was given the position of Justiciar and the task of administering the affairs of England by Richard I, the Lionheart while he was away on Crusade. Longchamp was a Norman, the chancellor and Bishop of Ely. The reason that Richard appointed Longchamp was to prevent his brother John from taking the English throne for himself. Richard also elected his four year old nephew, Arthur of Brittany as heir to the throne and ordered John to stay away from England for three years, but at the end of 1190 John returned to England and began a campaign against Longchamp. Longchamp was not popular with the Barons and it was easy for John to gain support against him. Even though Richard I was in Sicily, he learnt of the conflict back in England and sent Walter de Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen to investigate and deal with the problem. Longchamp was deposed and Walter took his place as Justiciar. | See AlsoMini Timeline
| 1189 - 1199 | Building work commences at the Tower
| | | While Richard I was away on Crusade, William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely and and Chancellor ordered the enlargement of the bailey surrounding the keep Tower in London. A new ditch and bank were constructed with a new section of curtain wall. | | 1191 | | John opposes William Longchamp
| | | John began a campaign opposing William Longchamp who had been appointed administrator of England by Richard I while he was away on Crusade. | | Oct 6 | Tower of London siege
| | | Bishop William Longchamp held the Tower of London against Prince John's supporters for only three days. The Bishop surrendered the Tower and escaped to continue his support for King Richard. |
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| | Or William Longespee. William was the illegitimate son of Henry II and became the earl of Salisbury after marrying the heiress to the earldom of Salisbury in 1198. William supported king John during his reign, including defeating the French fleet in 1213 preparing to invade. | | Family Tree Details | | | William Longsword
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Mini Timeline
| 1232 | | Lacock Abbey founded
| | | Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire was founded by Ela, Countess of Salisbury, the widow of William Longspee, the son of Henry II. |
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Born:
Died: 25 Aug 1270
| After Jerusalem fell in August 1244, Louis took the cross in December. He set sail for his base in Cyprus four years later and landed in Damietta in June 1249. The attempt to reach Cairo failed due to disease and the Crusade was abandoned. Louis was taken prisoner and had to pay a large ransom to be freed. | | Family Tree Details | | |  LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis) ( - d.1270)
+Margaret (of Provance)
=Philippe (III, King of France 1270-1285) ( - d.1285)
+Isabella (of Aragon)
=Philippe (IV, The Fair, King of France 1285-1314) ( - d.1314)
| +Joan (of Champagne)
| =Isabella (of France, Wife of Edward II) ( - d.1358)
| =Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) ( - d.1316)
| =Philippe (V, the Tall, King of France 1316-1322) ( - d.1322)
| =Charles (IV, the Fair, King of France 1322-1328) ( - d.1328)
=Charles (Count of Valois, Anjou and Maine)
+Margaret (of Anjou, m. Charles Valois)
=Philippe (VI, King of France 1328-1350) ( - d.1350)
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| 1226 | | Louis IX becomes King of France
| | | At twelve years old, upon the death of his father, Louis IX became king of France. | | 1244 | Aug | Jerusalem falls.
| | | With the fall of Jerusalem and the crushing defeat of the Christian armies at Gaza, Louis IX took the cross and prepared for a Crusade. (It took him four years to set sail). | | 1259 | Dec 4 | Treaty of Paris/Abbeville
| | | Also known as the treaty of Abbeville. A treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III in which Henry agreed to the loss of Normandy, Maine, Anjou and Poitou. These areas had been lost under the reign of King John. Henry was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine. This won Henry the support of Louis IX of France against the rebelious Barons back in England. | | 1264 | Jan 23 | The Mise of Amiens
| | | Louis IX held a court at Amiens to decide if Henry should be freed from the obligations forced upon him by the Provisions of Oxford in 1258 by the Barons. Louis agreed that Henry should be freed and ruled against the Barons. | | 1270 | Jul 20 | The Eighth Crusade
| | | Louis IX once again set out on Crusade, not to the east but towards Tunis. Charles, the brother of Louis, influenced the direction as Charles had plans in the East (?). At Cathage in July, the plague broke out and in August Louis died. |
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Born: 1108
Died: 1137
| Louis VI was born in around 1081 to Philippe I, king of France and Bertha of Holland. He was brought up on physical exercise and was a great eater and drinker hence his nickname. His youth was spent fighting, firstly the Normans in Vexin and then resolving disputes in Chartres and Agincourt. When he became king in 1108 he was mature and ready to rule. The monk Suger, who designed the basilica of St. Denis, was a great supporter of Louis and documented his life in great detail. Louis' most important act was the defeat of the joint attack from England and Emperor Henry V in 1124. Louis was saved by the fast action of the vassals who organised huge numbers of men to move against the threat. Emperor Henry V actually turned back before engaging the French. Louis arranged the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to his son, the future Louis VII, in an attempt to increase the territories his family could own. The Duke of Aquitaine possessed a quarter of France. Louis died in 1137 shortly after arranging the marriage and was succeeded by his son Louis. | | Family Tree Details | | | Louis (VI, The Fat, King of France 1108-1137) (b.1108 - d.1137)
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Born: 1121
Died: 1180
| Louis was the second son of Louis VI. The eldest was killed in childhood. Louis VII married Eleanor of Aquitaine. The marriage was arranged by his father in the attempt to bring the two regions of France and Aquitaine together. Eleanor had a strong will and may have steered Louis' actions which brought him in conflict with both Pope and St. Bernard over matters of the Church. Eleanor also had an amorous nature the king could not trust and when on Crusade, Louis insisted Eleanor went along too. In Antioch in March 1148 Eleanor had an affair with Raymond of Poitiers who was her uncle. Back in France in 1149 Louis wanted to annul the marriage, but Suger looking after the country while Louis had been away, advised him not to. In March 1152 after Suger died, Louis annulled the marriage. This was a disaster for France as Eleanor married Henry, the Count of Anjou who would become Henry II King of England. Henry accepted being Louis' vassal and even sent his sons Richard and John, both who would become king of England to pay homage to Louis. Louis and Henry had conflicts, one being Thomas Becket archbishop of Canterbury who Louis gave asylum to. Louis died in 1180 and was succeeded by his son Philippe Augustus. | | Family Tree Details | | | |
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| 1137 | | Louis VII becomes King of France
| | | Louis VII became king of France, upon the death of his father Louis VI. | | 1147 | Jun | Louis VII joins the Crusade
| | | Declaring Abbot Suger regent of France, Louis VII and Eleanor began their Crusade. | | 1148 | Jun 24 | Damascus attacked
| | | The decision was made to attack Damascus. The armies were assembled in Acre. Present were Baldwin, the Patriarch Fulcher, Kings Louis and Conrad, Archbishops of Caesarea and Nazareth, Masters of the Knights Temple and Hospital. | | 1151 | | War in Normandy
| | | Louis VII, the king of France, was not happy with Henry's new position as Duke of Normandy. Louis declared war on Henry. The dispute was sent to arbitration in Paris (who by - probably Knights Templar) and was resolved by Henry doing homage to Louis for Normandy and giving France the area of Vexin. | | 1152 | May | Henry marries Eleanor
| | | Only two months after Eleanor of Aquitaine's marriage to Louis VII, king of France was annulled, she married Henry of Anjou - future king of England - Henry II. | | Qtr 3 | Henry defends his position
| | | After marrying Eleanor Henry came under attack by Louis, Eleanor's previous husband, who did not recognise Henry as the new Duke of Aquitaine. Stephen sent troops and his son Eustace to help Louis against Henry. Henry's younger brother, Geoffrey, was also not happy with the situation and joined the quarrels. Henry moved quickly attacking Louis and capturing Geoffrey to secure his position as Duke. | | 1169 | Jan 6 | Becket submits to Henry
| | | Henry II of England, Louis VII of France and Becket met at Montmirail; Becket submitted to Henry excepting only on point, and negotiations failed (7.1); a second meeting took place (7.2) at St. Leger-en-Yvelines, and a papal ultimatum served on Henry.. | | 1180 | Sep 18 | Philippe Augustus takes the French throne
| | | Philippe II, Augustus succeeds to the French throne after the death of his father. |
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| 1215 | Oct | Baron's war
| | | After the Magna Carta was annulled and it was clear that John was not going to agree to the terms of the charter the civil war between King John and the rebel barons started. The barons offered the English crown to Prince Louis, the son of King Philippe II of France and invited him to invade England. John confiscated the rebel barons' lands and gave them to his own supporters. King John besieged Rochester Castle where a garrison of men had been left by the barons. The garrison was starved out and the castle fell to the King. | | 1216 | Feb | Small French fleet land in London
| | | A small French army landed in London. Their commander informed the rebel barons that Prince Louis would soon arrive from France. | | May 21 | Prince Louis of France claims English Throne
| | | Invited by the barons opposed to king John, Prince Louis of France landed in England to claim the English Throne. Louis captured Rochester Castle after a short siege. | | Jun | Prince Louis advances across England
| | | Prince Louis advanced on Winchester and captured the city and its castle. Elsewhere, Windsor Castle and Dover Castle were besieged by the rebel barons. Both castles were defended and held out against the sieges. King John used Corfe Castle in the south-west as his base of operations while he planned his campaign against the rebel barons and Prince Louis. | | Sep | William of Cassingham
| | | A man called William of Cassingham, possibly known as Willekin of the Weald, supported King John against the invaders and attacked the rebel barons and French in whatever means he could using a form of guerrilla warfare. | | 1217 | | Porchester castle captured
| | | Prince Louis captured and almost destroyed the castle at Porchester. | | Apr | Siege of Mountsorrel Castle
| | | Royalists besieged the French controlled Mountsorrel Castle in Lincolnshire. When Louis sent reinforcements to assist those in the castle the royalists moved away to Nottingham. The French army then made the mistake of moving on to Lincoln where the royalists had held out against previous attacks. | | May 20 | Battle of Lincoln
| | | Henry III's supporters defeated the forces belonging to Prince Louis and the rebel barons that were besieging the castle at Lincoln. | | 1223 | | Louis VIII becomes King of France
| | | Louis VIII became king of France, upon the death of his father Philippe Augustus. | | 1226 | | Louis IX becomes King of France
| | | At twelve years old, upon the death of his father, Louis IX became king of France. |
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Born:
Died: May 1316
| Louis, the eldest son of Philippe the Fair became king of France in 1314, but his reign was only to last eighteen months. During his short reign there were many riots and street fights. Examinations of the treasury found them bare and inquests into the state of the finances led to the hanging of many of Philippe's advisors. They had paid large amounts of money to people Philippe was in debt to. Louis married Clemence, the daughter of King Charles I of Hungary in August 1315 and was soon expecting his son. Louis died in May 1316 after falling ill. Poisoning was suspected but not proven. Louis was succeeded by his brother Philippe. | | Family Tree Details | | | Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) ( - d.1316)
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See AlsoTime Linked People- Philippe (IV, The Fair, King of France 1285-1314) d. 1314
- Bruce, Robert (the Bruce, I, King of the Scots 1306-1329) b. 1274 d. 1329
- Margaret (of France) d. 1317
- EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327) b. 1284 d. 1327
- Gaveston, Piers d. 1312
- John (I, King of France 1316) b. 1316 d. 1316
- Majorie (Daughter of Robert I, the Bruce) d. 1316
- Thomas (Earl of Lancaster) d. 1322
- Philippe (V, the Tall, King of France 1316-1322) d. 1322
- Despenser, Hugh (the younger) d. 1326
- Balliol, Edward (King of Scotland 1332) b. 1283 d. 1364
- Walter (6th High Steward) d. 1325
Mini Timeline
| 1314 | Nov 29 | Philippe IV, the Fair dies, and is succeeded by Louis X
| | | Philippe, King of France, died of a hunting accident within the same year as the deaths of the Knight Templar leaders at the stake. His was succeeded by his eldest son Louis X. | | 1316 | Nov 15 | Birth of John I King of France
| | | As soon as he was born John became the King of France. His father, Louis X, had died several months before his birth. | | Nov 20 | Death of King John of France
| | | Only five days after his birth the King of France died. John's uncle Philippe, who had been acting as regent, became King of France. |
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| | King Louis XI, the spider, supported Henry VI the Lancastrians and he supported invasions of England against Edward IV. In 1440, before he became king of France, Louis plotted against his own father, King Charles VII, in what is known as the Praguerie. The plot led by French nobles wanted to remove Charles from the throne of France. The uprising was crushed and Charles forgave his son for the part he played. Louis' continued plotting against the King and his ministers led to his appointment as governor of a region called Dauphiné. Louis ruled his domain as if it were an independant state, collecting taxes and minting coins. In 1456 Charles sent an army to Dauphiné when Louis refused to submit to the King's authority. Louis fled to the court of Philip, the Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good) and was granted an allowance and the castle of Genappe. Louis married Margaret, the daughter of James I, King of Scotland. But after her death in 1445 Louis annoyed his father by marrying the daughter of the Duke of Savoy without the King's approval. Charles VII died in July of 1461 after a long illness resulting in an abscess in the mouth that meant he could not eat or drink. Louis had refused to see his dying father, but as soon as he learnt of the King's death Louis headed to Rheims and Paris to claim the French throne. | | Family Tree Details | | | |
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| 1461 | Jul 22 | Death of Charles VII
| | | Charles VII died in July of 1461 after a long illness resulting in an abscess in his mouth that meant he could not eat or drink. Louis, his on, had refused to
see his dying father, but as soon as he learnt of the King's death Louis headed to Rheims and Paris to claim the French throne. | | Aug 15 | Louis XI crowned King of France
| | | Louis and his wife were crowned at Rhiems Cathedral. | | 1462 | Jun 28 | Queen Margaret and Louis XI
| | | Queen Margaret of England and Louis XI of France sign a treaty. Margaret promised that Calais would be his if he helped her return Henry to the throne. | | 1464 | May | Edward secretly marries
| | | Edward married Elizabeth Woodville (Wydville) secretly during a hunting trip. The hunting trip that may have been arranged as a cover. Edward is supposed to have had a reputation as a lady's man and had many lovers. To Edward, Elizabeth could have been just another lover, but Elizabeth may have wanted more and persuaded Edward to marry her. The marriage took place in secret and was kept quiet until the spring of 1465. One problem with the marriage was that Elizabeth was the widow of Henry V's brother John, a Lancastrian and her family were Lancastrian supporters. The other problem was that Warwick had contacted the French king Louis XI and had been trying to arrange a marriage for Edward to a French princess. Edward's act upset Warwick's plans. | | 1470 | Jul 22 | Warwick and the Lancastrians
| | | Louis XI, the French King devised a plan to remove Edward IV from the English throne. Louis persuaded the Earl of Warwick (a Yorkist) and Margaret of Anjou the exiled wife of Henry VI (a Lancastrian) to combine forces and attempt to over through Edward. Warwick and Margaret met on 22 July at Anger Cathedral to put their differences aside and to agree on a course of action. | | 1475 | Jul | Edward invades France
| | | Edward's plans to unseat the King of France led to his invasion of France with a force of 10,000 men. He had been promised assistance from the Dukes of Brittany and Burgundy, and the King of Aragon. Unfortunately the Burgundian army did not turn up due to another conflict and Edward was left without sufficient men to proceed. | | Aug | Peace treaty signed
| | | Louis and Edward agreed to a peace treaty to last seven years. The Treaty of Picquigny agreement meant Louis was to pay Edward an initial sum to leave France, and a smaller yearly sum there-after. | | 1483 | Aug 30 | Death of Louis XI
| | | Louis XI had suffered from a series of strokes that had left him partially paralysed since 1480 and a further stroke in August of 1483 was the final one. He died a few days later. Louis had two daughters and a son. Before his death, Louis had declared that Charles, his son, should be the next King of France but because Charles was in poor health and had been given a poor education Louis specified that Anne, his eldest daughter, should act a regent until Charles was able to rule unaided. |
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| 1498 | Apr 7 | Death of Charles VIII of France
| | | Charles VIII of France died due to complications occurred after banging his head on a low doorway as he walked through a dimly lit Amboise Castle. He was succeeded by Louis XII. | | Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction | | 1514 | Aug | English - French peace treaty
| | | Wolsey negotiated a peace treaty between England and France whereby Louis XII married Henry's younger sister Mary and had to pay Henry pension money owed to him under the treaty of Etaples. Peace should be maintained not less than a year after the first of them should die. | | Aug | Louis XII marries Princess Mary
| | | A peace treaty was negotiated by Thomas Wolsey with France. One of the terms was that Louis XII of France would marry Princess Mary, the younger sister Henry VIII. Louis died only a few months later. | | 1515 | Jan 1 | Death of Louis XII
| | | Louis XII died at the age of 52 leaving Mary a widow. His nephew, Francis, became the next king of France. |
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| | Constable of the Tower of London from 1153 and later Justiciar of England. | See AlsoMini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1058
| Scottish king from 1057 until 1058. He was the stepson of Macbeth and became king of the Scots after Macbeth was killed by Malcolm. Lulach was also killed by Malcolm who became the next king. Lulach was known as the 'fool' or the 'simple'. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1057 | Aug | MacBeth is killed and Lulach becomes king
| | | MacBeth was killed by Malcolm III (Malcolm Canmore) who later became the King of Scotland. Macbeth was succeeded by his stepson Lulach who was crowned at Scone. | | 1058 | Mar | Malcolm III becomes King of the Scots
| | | Malcolm had killed Macbeth at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire. Macbeth's stepson Lulach was crowned king and reigned for four months until he too was killed at Strathbogie. Malcolm became King of the Scots and was crowned at Scone. |
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