| | | 1100  A-S C
| Construction of Carew Castle
Gerard of Windsor built a motte and bailey castle on the Daugleddau creek in south Wales around this time. The land on which the castle was built was given to Gerard when he married Princess Nest.
See AlsoCarisbrooke Castle given to de Redvers
Henry I granted the ownership of the castle on the Isle of Wight to Richard de Redvers a Norman nobleman.
See AlsoJul 13 - Abbey Church at Gloucester dedicated
The abbey church at Gloucester built by Abbot Serlo was dedicated by Samson the Bishop of Worcester, Gundulph the Bishop of Rochester and Harvey Bishop of Bangor.
See AlsoJul 18 - Godfrey of Bouillon dies
Godfrey of Bouillon died just a year after the crusaders had captured Jerusalem. Agreeing who should succeed Godfrey as ruler of Jerusalem was not easy. The head of the Church in Jerusalem, Dagobert of Pisa, claimed that the Church itself should rule and as he was its representative he should have the job. Godfrey's brother, Baldwin of Edessa, had other ideas and travelled to Jerusalem with an army to claim the throne.
See AlsoAug - William buried at Winchester
William Rufus was buried under the tower of Winchester Cathedral. The tower fell down (either in 1101 or 1107 ?). The cause was blamed on the wickedness of the King's bones but was probably due to poor construction or uncertain foundations.
See AlsoAug 2 - William II (Rufus) is killed while hunting
William II (Rufus) was (accidentally ?) killed while hunting in the New Forest. He was succeeded by Prince Henry, who became Henry I.
See AlsoAug 5 - Henry I succeeds
Henry was crowned king at Westminster Abbey. (Under Henry, the lodges continued and the first Magna Carta of charter of liberties was obtained by the Normans, restoring the laws of Edward the Confessor.)
See AlsoNov 11 - Henry I marries Matilda of Sctoland
Henry I marries Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III and sister of Edgar, the King of the Scots.
See AlsoDec 25 - Baldwin I becomes king of Jerusalem
Supported by an army of over a thousand men, Baldwin claimed the throne of Jerusalem. Baldwin of Edessa was Godfrey's brother and he claimed the throne as his heritage. Baldwin was crowned on Christmas Day at Bethlehem.
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| | 1101 A-S C
| Roger Bigod granted lands at Framlingham
This is the start of a line of Bigod involvement at Framlingham where later a castle is built.
See AlsoArundel Castle siege
After the castle falls to the besiegers, Arundel is passed to the ownership is passed to the King.
See AlsoFeb - Robert attempts to take the Crown
Ranulf Flambard escaped from the Tower of London and fled to Normandy. There he joined Robert II of Normandy who had just returned from the Crusades. Flambard and Robert planned to take the English throne away from his younger brother Henry I.
See AlsoApr 2 - Henry I appoints Roger, a Norman Monk, as Chancellor
Henry I appointed Roger, a Norman Monk, as Chancellor. While in Caen Henry and his elder brother William (Rufus) had entered a church and requested the priest say mass. The priest impressed the two with his efficiency that they made him their chaplain. Roger then became chancellor and later Bishop of Salisbury. Roger helped build many churches and castles.
See AlsoJul - The Treaty of Alton
Robert Duke of Normandy landed at Portsmouth with an army and marched up to Alton on the way to London. Here he and Henry signed a treaty where Robert gave up his claim to the throne of England in return for 3,000 marks a year. The treaty also ensured that Robert's supporters would not be punished.
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| | 1102 A-S C
| Henry captures castle at Bridgnorth
The castle at Bridgnorth was surrendered to Henry.
See AlsoEarl Robert of Belleme
Henry I brings several charges against Robert of Belleme. Robert resists Henry but finally surrenders at Shrewsbury Castle. Robert is exiled.
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| | 1103 A-S C
| Crops do badly
Cattle as well as corn and fruit crops did badly this year.
See AlsoHenry let off paying Robert of Normandy
Robert of Normandy visits Henry and tells him that he does not need to pay Normandy the three thousand marks which he should have, bound by treaty to be paid each year.
See AlsoStrong winds damage crops
On the morning of mass day of St. Lawrence, strong winds did more damage that anyone could remember.
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| | 1105 A-S C
| Henry attacks his brother
Henry entered Normandy to take power from this brother Robert whose incapacity to manage the affairs of the region could have had grave consequencies. Robert fought back forcing Henry to return to England but not before Henry had gained Caen and Bayeux.
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| | 1106 A-S C
| Construction of Kidwelly Castle
Roger, bishop of Salisbury, is granted land in south Wales and started construction of a wooden castle on the banks of the river Gwendraeth.
See AlsoA comet passes by
A comet is seen and reported by several civilisations around the World.
Sep 28 - Henry attacks his brother again
Henry attacked his brother at the battle of Tinchebrai. This time with a much larger force Henry defeated and captured Robert along with the Count of Mortain. Henry locked Robert in Cardiff castle where he remained until he died in 1135.
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| | 1107 A-S C
| Alexander I becomes King of the Scots
Alexander became king after the death of his brother Edgar.
See AlsoConstruction of Llandaff Cathedral
At Llandaff in South Wales bishop Urban began the construction of a new church on the site of a much older religious site.
See AlsoFitzHamon dies
Robert FitzHamon died of his injuries at Falaise in Normandy in 1107. His son-in-law Robert Fitzroy succeeded to the Manor of Tewkesbury and continued the building the Abbey at Tewkesbury.
See AlsoJan 8 - Alexander I becomes king of the Scots
The death of Edgar caused a split of unity in Scotland. Alexander I became King of the Scots and David I became the King in Lothian and Strathclyde.
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| | 1108 A-S C
| Southwell Cathedral nave
Work began on the nave and transepts in 1105 and work continued until 1150.
See AlsoWinchester Cathedral tower
Work began on the tower of Winchester Cathedral in 1108 and building continued Until 1120.
See AlsoLouis VI becomes King of France
Louis VI, the Fat, became king of France, upon the death of his father Philippe I.
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| | 1109 A-S C
| Abduction of Princess Nest
Nest, the wife of Gerald de Windsor, was abducted along with her children possibly from Cilgerrran Castle. She was abducted by one of her own relatives, Owain ap Cadwgan.
See AlsoChurch at Ely becomes seat of bishop
The church at Ely became a Cathedral when it became the seat of the bishopric (or Diocese) of the area.
See AlsoApr 21 - Archbishop Anselm dies
Death of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
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| | 1110 A-S C
| Windsor Castle becomes a royal residence
Henry I had improvements made to Windsor Castle, including a chapel, so that he could use the castle as his formal residence.
See AlsoConstruction of Aberystwyth Castle
An improved castle was built by the Norman Gilbert de Clare at Aberystwyth replacing an earlier fort.
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| | 1111 A-S C
| Severe winter
An extreme winter prevented the growing of crops and cattle died of disease.
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| | 1112 A-S C
| Construction of new cathedral at Exeter
The second Norman bishop at Exeter, Warelwast started the construction of a new cathedral because he was not happy with the current building.
See AlsoMar - Bernard of Clairvaux reaches Citeaux
Bernard (at the age of 22), his brothers and several Burgundian nobles reached the monastery at Citeaux. As there had not been any new novices for some years, Stephen Harding, the abbot, accepted them willingly.
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| | 1113 A-S C
| Knights Hospitallers Recognised
A Papal Bull (a formal proclamation issued by the pope) recognised and named the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem as an independent religious order.
See AlsoJun - Worcester Cathedral damaged by fire
The city of Worcester, its cathedral and castle were damaged by an accidental fire.
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| | 1114 A-S C
| Chichester Cathedral fire
Chichester Cathedral suffered a disastrous fire in this year.
See AlsoCount of Champagne travels to the Holy Land
The Count of Champagne was preparing to travel to the Holy Land when he received a letter from the bishop of Chartres. The letter stated that the count was planning to join 'la milice du Christ' (the original name for the Templars ?). This seems to indicate that the order existed at this time, as the letter speaks of chastity, something not usually expected of a Crusader.
See AlsoJan - Matilda marries an Emperor
Matilda, the daughter of Henry I is married to Emperor Henry V.
See AlsoNov - Earthquake
A large earthquake damaged the areas of the Frankish control in the East. Antioch and Edessa were hit by the shocks.
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| | 1115 A-S C
| St. Albans consecrated
The church at St. Albans was consecrated.
See AlsoNave of Rochester Cathedral
Construction of Rochester Cathedral's name commenced in 1115 and finished around 1130.
See AlsoClairvaux Abbey founded
The Cistercian abbey of Clairvaux was founded in 1115 by Bernard of Fontaines who became Clairvaux's abbot until his death in 1153.
See AlsoCount of Champagne donates land to St. Bernard
The count of Champagne donated land to St. Bernard on which the abbey of Clairvaux was built.
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| | 1116 A-S C
| Welsh attack Norman castles
The Welsh led by Grufydd ap Rhys attacked both Llandovery and Carmarthen Castles.
Fire destroys Peterborough Abbey
An accidental fire destroys the abbey at Peterborough.
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| | 1117 A-S C
| Berkeley castle construction
Roger de Berkeley began the construction of Berkeley Castle in 1117 and it was completed by his son, also called Roger, by 1153.
See AlsoPeterborough Cathedral choir and transept
After the devastating fire of 1116 work began on rebuilding the abbey at Peterborough. The central area including choir and transept were begun first. Work continued until 1155.
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| | 1118 A-S C
| Earthquake
An earthquake damages Crowland Abbey.
See AlsoBaldwin II becomes King of Jerusalem
Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem following in his cousin's footsteps.
See AlsoApr 14 - Baldwin II crowned
Baldwin of le Bourg was crowned as King of Jerusalem in Jerusalem on Easter Sunday.
See AlsoMay 1 - Queen Matilda dies
Queen Matilda died at the Palace of Westminster where for the last 12 years of her life she had been neglected by Henry.
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| | 1119 A-S C
| Roger de Newburgh 2nd Earl of Warwick
Roger de Newburgh became the second Earl of Warwick.
See AlsoWilliam Audelin marries Matilda
Fulk V of Anjou married his daughter Matilda to William Audelin, heir to the English crown. Wanting to go on Crusade, Fulk needed to ensure security and a marriage between his family and the English crown could help.
See AlsoHugues de Payen: Master of the Temple
Hugues de Payen became the Master of the Temple.
See AlsoKnights Templar order founded in Jerusalem
Knights Templar order founded in Jerusalem, by Hugues de Payen.
See AlsoKnights Templar in Jerusalem
The Knights Templars travelled to the Holy Lands twenty years after Jerusalem was captured by European powers.
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| | 1120 A-S C
| Construction of Sherborne Castle
Built by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury.
See AlsoKenilworth Castle formed
Henry I gave a portion of the Stoneleigh estate to Geoffrey de Clinton his chamberlain. de Clinton built a motte and bailey on the land and formed a lake to provide better defences.
See AlsoDedication of Llandaff Cathedral
The church at Llandaff was dedicated by bishop Urban to St. Peter, St. Dubricius, St. Teilo and St. Oudoceus.
See AlsoNorwich castle keep
The keep of the castle at Norwich was possibly constructed between 1120 and 1130.
See AlsoWorcester Cathedral Chapter-house
Work began on the chapter-house of Worcester Cathedral.
See AlsoNov - William Audelin is drowned 
The son of Henry I was drowned attempting a crossing from Normandy to England.
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| | 1121 A-S C
| Reading Abbey founded
Henry I founded the abbey at Reading. The Cluniac Order of monks populated the abbey.
Henry I marries Adeliza
Henry I married Adeliza of Louvain at Windsor Castle. Adeliza was his second wife. They did not have any children.
See AlsoNorwich Cathedral nave and tower
Work on the nave and central tower was begun in 1121 after the choir and transept. Work finished in 1145.
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| | 1123 A-S C
| Oct 23 - Tewkesbury Abbey consecrated
Five bishops took part in the consecration of Tewkesbury Abbey.
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| | 1124 A-S C
| Furness Abbey founded
Founded by Stephen, the future King of England, this abbey is situated near Barrow in Furness. Initially the order was Savigniac but were later converted to Cistercians in 1147 when the orders were merged.
See AlsoLouis prevents war
Louis VI with the help of his vassals, mobilizes a huge number of men, to avert a joint invasion from England and the Emperor Henry V.
See AlsoUnity of Scotland restored under David I
The unity in Scotland was restored at the death of Alexander by David I who became King of Scots. During his reign the Scottish borders were extended to the River Tees, including all of Northumberland. (Was he assisted by the Knight Templar?)
See AlsoFeb (to Jul) - Siege of Tyre
The Crusaders laid siege to the city of Tyre in February and the city's inhabitants managed to hold out for five months before succumbing to starvation. The Crusaders were assisted by a fleet of ships from Venice.
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Selection of references used:
- Mike Salter,Castles of South-West Wales,
- Edward Burman,The Templars, Knights of God,
- Alan & Veronica Palmer,Pimlico Chronology of Britsh History,
- Preston Williams,Illustrations of Masonry,
- Derek Renn,Norman Castles,1968
- ,The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,
- Susan Ross,The Castles of Scotland,
- John Harvey,English Cathedrals,1961
- Duc de Castries,The lives of the Kings and Queens of France,
- Peter Potter,Data Donation,
- John Timbs & Alexander Gunn,Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North),1872
- ,Saint Bernard of Clairvaux Abbot,
- G H Cook,English Cathedrals through the centuries,
- Micheal Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln,The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail,
- John Kinross,Discovering Castles in England and Wales,
- Roy Midmer,English Medieaval Monasteries 1066-1540,1979
- Graham Hancock,The Sign and the Seal,1992
- Sidney Toy,Catles. Their Construction and History,1985
- Mike Salter,Castles and Moated Castles of Warwickshire,
- Sheila Sancha,The Castle Story,
- E.B.D'Auvergne,The English Castles,1926
- Various,The Cistercian Abbeys of Britain,1998
- G.A.Cambell,The Knights Templar. Their rise and fall,
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