| | | 1225 | Salisbury Choir |
| Work on the Choir at Salisbury Cathedral started in 1225 and lasted until 1237. |
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| Beeston Castle begun |
| returning from a spell crusading, Ranulf, the fifth Earl of Cheshire starts the construction of the castle at Beeston. |
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| 1226 | Louis IX becomes King of France |
| At twelve years old, upon the death of his father, Louis IX became king of France. |
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| Lady Chapel at Hereford |
| From around 1226 until 1246, construction of the Lady Chapel at Hereford cathedral was undertaken. |
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| Grace Dieu Abbey founded |
| This was a daughter house of the Cistercian abbey at Dore near Hereford. The foundation would have been earlier but the abbey was attacked and burnt by the Welsh in 1223. The abbey was situated near Monmouth, but no real remains can be seen. |
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| York Minster South Transept |
| Building work on the South Transept of York Minster until 1241. |
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| 1227 | Balmerino Abbey founded |
| The Scottish Cistercian abbey built by monks from Melrose abbey. The abbey is situated on the shores of the Firth of Tay. |
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| 1228 | Henry III visits Woodstock. |
| Henry spent time at the Palace of Woodstock. |
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| Stephen Langton dies |
| On the death of Stephen Langton, the archbishop of Canterbury, the Pope, attempting to raise as much money from the clergy in England filled senior posts in the clergy with anyone who bidded the highest. |
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| The Sixth Crusade (1228-9) |
| The Sixth Crusade was won with diplomacy by Frederick II, who had married the heiress of Jerusalem in 1225. He went to the East to claim his right to the throne, and taking advantage of internal disputes between the Sultan's family members, concluded the Treaty of Jaffa, which gave Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth back to the Christians. |
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| 1230 | Rievaulx Abbey rebuilding work |
| Rebuilding work commenced at Rievaulx Abbey. |
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| Wells Cathedral West Front |
| Work commenced on the West Front of Wells Cathedral. |
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| Wells Cathedral West Front Started |
| Building of the West Front of Wells Cathedral was begun. |
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| 1231 | Tattershall Castle construction |
| Construction of the castle at Tattershall. |
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| Qtr 1 - Hubert de Burgh in Wales |
| Hubert de Burgh had become a powerful Lord in the Welsh Marshes, controlling castles such as Cardigan and Carmarthen. He began to threaten the local Welsh leaders. |
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| Aug 13 - Simon de Montfort takes possession of his land |
| Henry III ordered the sheriffs of Hampshire, Dorset and Wiltshire to give Simon de Montfort the possession of the lands of his father, the Earl of Leicester. |
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| 1232 | Oaks given to Gloucester |
| Henry III donated one hundred and ten oaks from the forest of Dean to help in repair work at Gloucester church. |
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| Peter des Rievaulx becomes treasurer |
| Peter des Rievaulx, the nephew of the Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, is made treasurer of the Henry III's household and keeper of the king's wardrobe. This moved him into an extremely important position for controlling the king's affairs. |
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| Henry III removes Hubert de Burgh |
| Henry III was persuaded to remove Hubert de Burgh. Hubert escaped from prison and took refuge in a church in Devizes. After being dragged from the church Hubert was re-imprisoned. The bishop of Salisbury forced the Government to return Hubert to the church where his supporters rescued him. |
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| 1233 | Earl of Pembroke's revolt |
| Richard, Earl of Pembroke in alliance with Llewelyn of Wales join forces to fight Henry III. (Details required). |
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| Qtr 1 - Baronian rebellion |
| With the introduction of Peter de Roches as justiciar and the removal of Hubert de Burgh, the control of the Exchequer was under Poitevin control and possibly reversed the gains created by John's Charter in 1215. Henry was given control of central administration. This angered the Barons and a group led by Richard Marshall, Earl of Pembroke opposed the changes. Henry was able to deal with the Barons. |
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| Nov - Rout of Henry's army |
| Henry III's army was camped at Grosmont Castle when they were attacked in the night by a force of Welsh and English rebels. Several of Henry's supporters were captured and the castle was returned to Hubert de Burgh, one of the rebels. |
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| 1235 | Henry III at Woodstock |
| Henry spent time at the Palace of Woodstock. |
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| 1236 | The Pope condemns links to the Assassins |
| Pope Gregory IX condemned the links the both the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller had with the Assassins fighters in the Middle East. He issued a Bull preventing further contact with the Assassins. |
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| Canterbury Cloister building work |
| Canterbury Cloister building work. |
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| Jan 4 - Henry marries |
| Henry married Eleanor, one of four daughters of Raymond count of Provence. Eleanor was 14 years old. Simon de Montfort, as Lord High Steward, took care of the banquet and kitchen arrangements. |
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| 1237 | Lincoln tower collapses |
| During a sermon by one of the canons of the cathedral, the newly finished central tower collapsed burying some of the congregation. |
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| Transepts and Nave of Salisbury Cathedral |
| Constrution of the major transept and nave of Salisbury Cathedral started in 1237 and lasted until 1258. Salisbury Cathedral has a smaller choir transept. |
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| Beeston Castle claimed by Henry |
| With the death of the last male heir of the Earldom of Cheshire, the earldom and castle at Beeston are claimed by Henry III. The castle was too important not to be in the hands of the crown. |
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| 1238 | Jan - Simon marries Henry's sister |
| Simon de Montfort married Henry III's sister, Eleanor secretly. She had been married to William, Earl of Pembroke (son of William Marshal?), but he died early and left her with his wealth. The Barons were not happy with this arrangement as they were not consulted. |
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| 1239 | Wells Cathedral dedication of church |
| The church at Wells was dedicated in this year, but did not get its status as a Cathedral until 1244. |
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| Theobald of Champagne's Crusade |
| The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and the King of Navarre was a French expedition that did little, except obtain concessions from Damascus in Galilee, and Ascalon from Egypt. Richard of Cornwall, the brother of Henry III, arrived after Theobald had left, but managed to strengthen both concessions in Galilee, and the fortifications at Ascalon. |
| Jun - Edward (I) is born |
| Simon de Montfort is godfather. |
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| 1240 | Chapter-house as Lichfield |
| The Chapter-house at Lichfield has two storeys, the lower one for the meetings and the upper one for the library. The building is roughly octagonal in shape, but two sides are double the length of the others. |
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| Building work at St. Paul's complete |
| The central tower and the choir had been rebuilt during the first part of the thirteenth century and by 1240, building work was completed. Some changes were made at the end of this century, but then no major alterations occurred until after the Reformation. |
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| North Transept of Rochester Cathedral |
| Work on the north transept between 1240 and 1255. |
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| 1241 | Henry entertains at Woodstock |
| Henry spent time at Woodstock and entertained Alexander. King of the Scots and the English nobility. |
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| 1242 | York Minster North Transept |
| Building work on the North Transept of York Minster until 1255. |
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| Chapel of the Nine Altars |
| The Chapel of the Nine Altars in built on the east end of Durham Cathedral between 1242 and 1280. |
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| Henry tries to retake Poitou |
| Isabella, Henry's mother persuaded Henry to mount an expedition to retake Poitou. Unable to get money directly from the barons, Henry resorted to extort money from them individually instead (how?). The expedition failed, and after being rescued the Earls of Leicester, Salisbury and Norfolk, Henry retreated to Bordeaux where they spent the winter. |
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| Henry's financies are criticised |
| Simon de Montfort is one a twelve man council who met to work out Henry's financies. Henry was criticised for his excesses. |
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| Oct - Earl Richard's vow |
| During a violent storm at sea, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, vowed to build a Religious house if he survived. He did survive and as a result Hailes Abbey was built. |
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| 1243 | Spring - Simon de Montfort gets custody of Kenilworth castle |
| Henry III bestowed the custody of Kenilworth castle to Simon de Montfort. Simon's wife Eleanor (Henry's sister) already owned Odiham Castle so Simon had two of the strongest fortresses in England under his control. |
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| 1244 | Bishop of Bath and Wells |
| The Pope decreed that Wells should be reinstated as a Cathedral and the Bishop became the Bishop of Bath and Wells. |
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| Aug - Jerusalem falls. |
| With the fall of Jerusalem and the crushing defeat of the Christian armies at Gaza, Louis IX took the cross and prepared for a Crusade. (It took him four years to set sail). |
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| 1245 | Bigods take Chepstow Castle |
| When Maud, the last of the Marshal line, died in 1245 Chepstow Castle was passed to her son Roger Bigod II, Earl of Norfolk. |
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| Carlisle Cathedral building work |
| Work on the choir, aisles and arcading began and construction lasted until 1292 when a fire badly damaged the Cathedral. |
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| Rebuilding of Westminster Abbey |
| Henry started the work of rebuilding Westminster Abbey as a tribute to Edward the Confessor. |
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| Carpini, the Christian envoy, travels to the Mongol Empire |
| Carpini, a Christian envoy traveled to the seat of the Mongol Emperor at Karakoram and another, Roubrouck followed in 1253. |
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| 1246 | Peter de Savoy granted Pevensey Castle |
| Henry III granted Pevensey castle to the Queen's uncle, Peter de Savoy, Earl of Richmond. |
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| Hailes Abbey begun |
| Twenty monks and ten lay brothers (monks who performed manual tasks) arrived at Hailes to start work on the new Abbey. |
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| 1247 | Henry receives a relic |
| Henry received a relic from the patriarch of Jerusalem consisting of a portion of the blood of Christ in a crystal vase. Henry walked with the vase in his hands clothed in a course robe from the treasury in St. Paul's to the church of Westminster where mass was said. He was assisted by attendants on both sides in case he slipped and dropped the vase. |
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| 1248 | Bath Lady Chapel |
| Construction of the Lady Chapel between 1248 to 1264. |
| The Seventh Crusade (1248-54) |
| After the Christians were defeated at Gaza in 1244, Louis IX of France (St. Louis) took the cross. He actually managed to set sail for Cyprus, his base some four years later. Landing at Damietta in June 1249, Louis, he to wait until the Nile floods had reduced before continuing for Cairo. Held up and cut off from Damietta, Louis' camp was struck with disease and most were killed or captured. Louis was taken prisoner, and had to pay a ransom to be freed. |
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| 1249 | Jul 8 - Alexander II of Scotland dies |
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| Jul 9 - Alexander III became King of the Scots |
| Alexander was crowned at Scone. |
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Episodes