| Ruler | Country | Start of Reign | Age at 1190 |
| Richard I | England | 1189 | 33 | | 1190 Mar | Massacre of Jews at York  | | 1190 Jun 24 | Richard at Tours | | 1190 Jul 3 | Meeting at Vézelay | | 1190 Jul 4 | Richard's Crusade starts | | 1190 Sep | Messina | | 1190 Oct | Richard captured Messina | | 1190 Christmas | Crusaders in Sicily | | 1191 | John opposes William Longchamp | | 1191 Apr 10 | Richard's fleet leave Sicily | | 1191 May 6 | Richard sails to Cyprus. | | 1191 May 11 | Meeting in Limassol | | 1191 May 12 | Richard marries Berengaria | | 1191 Jun 1 | Richard controls Cyprus | | 1191 Jun 6 | Richard arrives at Tyre and attacks Acre | | 1191 Jul | Richard takes Acre | | 1191 Oct 6 | Tower of London siege | | 1192 Oct 9 | Richard I leaves the Holy Land | | 1192 Dec | Richard shipwrecked on the way home | | 1193 Feb | Richard captured by the Emperor of Germany | | 1194 | Siege of Nottingham Castle | | 1194 | Plans to move Old Sarum cathedral | | 1194 Mar | Richard returns to England | | 1194 Apr 17 | The 'Crown Wearing' | | 1194 May | Richard leaves England | | 1194 Jul 3 | Richard defeats Philippe | | 1197 | Great Council refuse Richard's request | | 1199 Mar | Siege at the castle of Chalus, and Richard dies | | 1199 May | John succeeds Richard I |
| | John | England | 1199 | 23 | | 1191 | John opposes William Longchamp | | 1191 Oct 6 | Tower of London siege | | 1194 Mar | Richard returns to England | | 1199 Mar | Siege at the castle of Chalus, and Richard dies | | 1199 Apr 25 | John is crowned Duke of Normandy | | 1199 May | Important Appointments | | 1199 May | John succeeds Richard I | | 1199 May 27 | John is crowned King |
| | William I | Scotland | 1165 | ? | | Philippe II | France | 1180 | ? | | 1190 Jul 3 | Meeting at Vézelay | | 1190 Oct | Richard captured Messina | | 1190 Christmas | Crusaders in Sicily | | 1191 Mar 30 | Philippe leaves Sicily | | 1191 Apr 20 | Philippe Augustus arrives in Acre | | 1191 May 11 | Meeting in Limassol | | 1194 Jul 3 | Richard defeats Philippe |
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The Third Crusade
| 1190 | Jun 24 | Richard at Tours | | | | Richard was given the pilgrim's scrip (a bag for the journey) and staff by the archbishop of Tours in preparation for his Crusade. These items were tradionally carried by pilgrims. | | Jul 3 | Meeting at Vézelay | | | | Richard I and Philippe II, Augustus, met at Vézelay and agreed to divide the spoils of the Crusade equally between themselves. They planned to take different routes, Richard via Marseilles and Philippe via Genoa. Richard has around 100 ships at his disposal. Several were from the Cinque Ports, others from Shoreham and Southampton and others donated by private persons. Other ships were hired from ports in Normandy. Richard could have had a force of around 8000 men half of which could have had horses. | | Jul 4 | Richard's Crusade starts | | | | Richard leaves to begin his crusade. | | Sep | Messina | | | | Richard was in no hurry to reach the Holy Land as he had an issue to resolve in Italy first. William II, the King of Sicily, had recently died. He was married to Richard's sister, Joan, who was bequeathed a large dower, a payment meant to support her if she outlived her husband. William had also bequeathed a large sum of money to Henry II, the king of England. Through force, Tancred of Lecce claimed the throne of Sicily and imprisoned Joan refusing to pay the money to her or the King of England. When Richard arrived in Messina he demanded that his sister should be released and all the money owing should be paid. | | Oct | Richard captured Messina | | | | The people of Messina, supporting Tancred, shut the gates on Richard and attacked his soldiers. In the harbour French ships turned against Richard as the friendship between Richard and Philippe had broken down because Philippe believed Richard was about to refuse to go through with his marriage to Alais, Philippe's half-sister. This was true as Richard had arranged a marriage to Berengaria of Navarre who was travelling to meet him. Richard's men stormed Messina and captured the town. Richard was lenient on the people of Messina and decided to build a fort overlooking the town. Tancred agreed to pay the money owed, freed Joan from prison and paid Richard a large amount of gold. Friendly relations were restored between Richard and Philippe when Richard agreed to split the gold with the French king. | | Christmas | Crusaders in Sicily | | | | Richard and Philippe stayed in Sicily over the winter months waiting for the weather to improve before continuing their journeys to the Holy Land. | | 1191 | Mar 30 | Philippe leaves Sicily | | | | The King of France set sail for the Holy Land a few days before Richard. | | Apr 10 | Richard's fleet leave Sicily | | | | The fleet left Sicily to sail to Rhodes. On route, three ships were separated from the group and landed on Cyprus at the port of Limassol. The governor of Cyprus at the time was Isacc Dacus Comnenus, who had come to power from trickery. He had sided with Saladin, and treated Richard's ships as the enemy. | | Apr 20 | Philippe Augustus arrives in Acre | | | | Philippe Augustus landed in Acre in an attempt to remove Guy of Lusignan as the King of Jerusalem, and replace him with Conrad of Montferrat. | | May 6 | Richard sails to Cyprus. | | | | Richard located the three lost ships at Limissol, and promptly attacked Comnenus' troops in the town and drove them out. Comnenus was again attacked outside the town, but escaped, leaving behind his standard, embroidered with gold cloth. This was later presented to the abbey of Bury St. Edmunds. | | May 11 | Meeting in Limassol | | | | Richard met Guy of Lusignan (King of Jerusalem), Geoffrey (Richard's brother), Bohemund (Prince of Antioch), Raymond (Count of Tripoli), Humphrey of Toron and other knights to discuss the attempt by Philippe II of France to replace Guy of Lusignan with Conrad of Monferrat as the King of Jerusalem. | | May 12 | Richard marries Berengaria | | | | Richard took time to marry Berengaria at Limassol. | | Jun 1 | Richard controls Cyprus | | | | By the 1st of June, Richard had control of the whole of Cyprus and imposed a 50% tax in return for letting the Cypriots return to a more traditional way of life. Richard of Camville and Robert of Turnham were left in charge of Cyprus. | | Jun 6 | Richard arrives at Tyre and attacks Acre | | | | Richard landed at Tyre and quickly moved towards Acre, where he needed to help an army that was besieging the town which was being held by a garrison of Saladin's troops. By July 12th, the town fell to Richard. Richard held Saladin's men hostage in exchange for 200,000 dinars and 1500 of Richard's own troops who were being held by Saladin. When no ransom was paid, Richard publicly executed 2700 of the garrison. It was at this point that Richard angered Leopold of Austria, who was to imprison Richard as he tried to return to Normandy. Leopold's banner was ripped down from alongside Richard's and the French. The banners indicated that the spoils of war should be shared, but Richard was not prepared the share with Leopold, who had not contributed that much to the fall of Acre. | | Jul | Richard takes Acre | | | | Under Richard's command, the city of Acre is taken back by the Crusaders. | | 1192 | Apr 28 | Conrad is assassinated | | | | Conrad of Montferrat was killed by two Assassins disguised as monks as he walked home. The Assassins, one of whom had been captured alive and questioned, had been sent by their leader Sinan. The suspected reasons for the murder are varied, some theories suggest Conrad had intercepted a shipment of wealthy goods bound for the Assassin Order while others suggest Saladin had ordered the murder of both Conrad and Richard I. Some also suggest it was Richard himself who had ordered the murder. | | Oct 9 | Richard I leaves the Holy Land | | | | After the agreement of a peace treaty Richard left the Middle East and began the voyage back to England. | | Dec | Richard shipwrecked on the way home | | | | Richard was shipwrecked while returning home from the middle east. | | 1193 | Feb | Richard captured by the Emperor of Germany | | | | Richard was captured by the Emperor of Germany, Henry IV after being shipwrecked on the way home after his Crusade. The Emperor demanded a large ransom to set Richard free. | | 1194 | Mar | Richard returns to England | | | | Richard I returned to England after his Crusade and imprisonment in Germany. John had all his castles in England confiscated and the only title left to him was that of Lord of Ireland. |
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| People who played important roles in this time period |
Gruffydd, Rhys ap (Lord Rhys)
Rhys ap Gruffydd was a prince of Wales and lived during the reign of Henry II. He is generally known as Lord Rhys. Lord Rhys found favour with Henry II and was granted Cardiganshire in south Wales.
Joan
Daughter of Henry II.
Saladin
The Muslim leader Al-Malik al-Nasir Salad ed-Din Yusuf.
Walter, Hubert
Hubert Walter became Archbishop of Canterbury and Justiciar from 1193 after Baldwin. Hubert Walter was brought up in the Ranulf Glanvill household. He joined Richard on the Crusades and when Richard was captured in Germany, Hubert was responsible for running Richard's affairs and helped raise funds (more...)
Arthur (of Brittany)
Arthur was the son of Geoffrey (Son of Henry II) and Constance of Brittany. When Ricahrd I went on Crusade he nominated Arthur as heir to the English throne eventhough Arthur was only four. Richard did this in an attempt to prevent John claiming the English throne if anything happened to Richard whi (more...)
Marshal, William (Earl of Pembroke)
Beginning penniless, William Marshal became an important figure, respected by Henry II, Richard I and king John. At the age of at least seventy he led forces against Louis VIII of France to assist a nine-year old Henry III retain his throne.At the age of five or six William was given to King Step (more...)
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| Battles that took place in this time period |
No battles found for this time period in the current database. |
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| Building work undertaken in this time period |
Skenfrith Castle 1190 - 1200
Built by Hubert de Burgh this castle is one of the three he owned in the Welsh Marches. White Castle, and Grosmont Castle being the other two.
Lincoln Cathedral 1192 - 1200
Work on the choir and east transept progressed between 1192 and 1200.
Lincoln Cathedral 1192
After the damaging earth tremors of 1185 Bishop Hugh of Lincoln started rebuilding work on the Cathedral at Lincoln. His new scheme was followed even after his death apart from minor alterations up to the completion of the Angel Choir in 1280.
Peterborough Cathedral 1193 - 1230
The West front of Peterborough Cathedral was constructed between the years 1193 and 1230.
Nottingham Castle 1194
The castle at Nottingham was being held by supporters of John but it fell to Richard I after a siege of several days.
Old Sarum 1194
Bishop Herbert Poore presented plans to move the cathedral at Old Sarum to a new site nearer the river to be called New Sarum, or now Salisbury. Richard I approved the plan.
Salisbury Cathedral 1194
Bishop Herbert Poore presented plans to move the cathedral at Old Sarum to a new site nearer the river to be called New Sarum, or now Salisbury. Richard I approved the plan.
St. Albans Cathedral 1195 - 1214
Modifications to the west end of the church were undertaken under the direction of the abbot John de Cella. The plan was to add an extra three bays to the existing structure. Progress was slow due to mismanagement of the funds and when John de Cella died not much progress had been achieved. The work was completed under the direction of the next abbot, William of Trumpington.
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