| Ruler | Country | Start of Reign | Age at 1280 |
| Edward I | England | 1272 | 41 | | 1281 | Beauchamp Tower at Tower of London built  | | 1282 | Construction of Denbigh Castle | | 1282 Easter | Another Welsh Uprising | | 1283 | Construction of Caernarvon Castle | | 1283 | Construction of Conway Castle begun | | 1283 | Dolwyddelan Castle captured | | 1283 Mar | Castle Criccieth captured | | 1283 Jun | David of Wales captured | | 1284 | Rebuilding work at Aberystwyth | | 1284 | 'Round Table' event in Nefyn | | 1284 Mar | Statute of Wales/Rhuddlan | | 1284 Apr 25 | Edward (II) is born | | 1286 | Edward and Eleanor go to France | | 1286 | Edward and Gascony | | 1289 Aug | Edward returns to England |
| | Alexander III | Scotland | 1249 | ? | | 1283 Apr | Birth of Margaret, Maid of Norway | | 1285 Oct 14 | Alexander III remarries | | 1286 Mar 19 | Alexander III of Scotland dies |
| | Margaret | Scotland | 1286 | ? | | Margaret | Scotland | 1286 | ? | | Philippe III | France | 1270 | ? | | Philippe IV | France | 1285 | ? | | 1286 | Edward and Eleanor go to France | | 1289 | Philippe obtained the area of Quercy |
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Edward I and Scotland
| 1286 | Mar 19 | Alexander III of Scotland dies | | | | Alexander III of Scotland died leaving no male heir. Margaret 'Maid of Norway' was next in line for the Scottish throne because her mother was the only child of Alexander that had children. |
Edward I and Wales
| 1282 | | Construction of Denbigh Castle | | | | Another castle was built by Edward I's master castle builder, James of St. George in North Wales. | | Mar | Hawarden Castle captured by the Welsh | | | | David ap Gruffydd attacked and took control the castle at Hawarden. The constable, Roger de Clifford, was captured during the attack. | | Easter | Another Welsh Uprising | | | | David, Llewelyn's brother, rose up in revolt. Llewelyn, eventhough he had sworn [fealty] to Edward, joined his brother in the fight against the English. | | Dec 11 | Llewelyn killed | | | | Whilst fighting in the south of Wales Llewelyn was killed and the uprising of 1282 ended. His brother David was captured and hanged. | | 1283 | | Construction of Caernarvon Castle | | | | Edward and his master castle builder started the reconstruction of a new castle at Caernarvon. | | | Construction of Conway Castle begun | | | | After capturing Dolwyddelan, Edward moved up the river Conway to its mouth and a new castle was ordered. The castle's design and size were chosen to prove the royal power of the English King. The construction took until 1297. | | | Dolwyddelan Castle captured | | | | After the death of Lleweyln Edward was free to occupy all the previous strongholds of the Welsh Princes. In 1283 Edward attacked and captured the Welsh castle at Dolyyddlan. | | Mar | Castle Criccieth captured | | | | Edward moved around the Welsh coast to attack and capture the Welsh castle at Criccieth. He then moved on and ordered another castle to be built at Harlech. | | May | Harlech Castle begun | | | | Work began on Harlech Castle. Money for the construction being moved from Cymer Abbey a few miles to the south of the new castle's location. | | Jun | David of Wales captured | | | | David the brother of Llewelyn was handed over to the king by his own supporters who had already surrendered. He was taken to Shrewsbury Castle where a Parliament met and sentenced him to death by execution. | | 1284 | | 'Round Table' event in Nefyn | | | | Edward arranged a 'Round Table' event and tournament at Nefyn in Wales. He promised the Welsh that he would provide them with a Prince of Wales. This he did as in this year, Edward (II) was born who would be invested as the Prince of Wales in February 1301. | | Mar | Statute of Wales/Rhuddlan | | | | After the second Welsh rebellion Edward decided to bring Wales under direct rule. The Statute of Rhuddlan brought English laws to Wales. Edward appointed sheriffs and bailiffs for the northern teritories while the southern areas were left under the control of the Marcher Lords. | | Apr 25 | Edward (II) is born | | | | Edward, the future king of England was born at Caernarvon Castle on the 25th April, 1284. His father was Edward I and his mother was Eleanor of Castile. The castle was probably still under construction as work on it had only begun the year before. |
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| People who played important roles in this time period |
Gruffydd, David ap (Welsh Prince)
David was the brother of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, the Prince of Wales.
Margaret (Maid of Norway)
Alexander III died leaving no male heir. Margaret was Alexander's granddaughter and next in line for the Scottish throne. Her mother was Alexander's only daughter and her father was Erik II, the king of Norway. Born in 1283, Margaret was only three years old when her grandfather died. She is commonl (more...)
EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327)
OriginsEdward was the youngest son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, but he was the only son to live longer than his father. He was born in 1284 at Caernarvon Castle only a year after the castle's construction was begun. Edward may have been a lonely child as his father was always away (more...)
Eleanor (of Castile)
Eleanor, the daughter of Joan of Ponthieu and Ferdinand III of Castile, married Edward (I) the heir to the English throne. Both Edward and Eleanor were descended from Henry II. Henry was Edward's great-grandfather while Henry was Eleanor's great-great-grandfather.
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| Battles that took place in this time period |
No battles found for this time period in the current database. |
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| Building work undertaken in this time period |
Rochester Cathedral 1280
Work on the South Transept and nave commenced in 1280.
Tower of London 1281
Edward I was responsible for the construction of the Beauchamp Tower on the western side of the curtain wall. It got its name later on in 1397 when Thomas Beauchamp was imprisoned there by Richard II. The three storey tower was large enough to hold not only the captive, but members of his household as well. It has been used to hold other important prisoners since.
Denbigh Castle 1282
Another castle was built by Edward I's master castle builder, James of St. George in North Wales.
Conway Castle 1283
After capturing Dolwyddelan, Edward moved up the river Conway to its mouth and a new castle was ordered. The castle's design and size were chosen to prove the royal power of the English King. The construction took until 1297.
Dolwyddelan Castle 1283
After capturing Dolwyddelan, Edward moved up the river Conway to its mouth and a new castle was ordered. The castle's design and size were chosen to prove the royal power of the English King. The construction took until 1297.
Harlech Castle 1283
Work began on Harlech Castle. Money for the construction being moved from Cymer Abbey a few miles to the south of the new castle's location.
Aberystwyth Castle 1284
Edward I ordered reconstruction work at Aberystwyth Castle after it had been burnt and damaged in an earlier Welsh attack.
York Minster 1286 - 1296
Building work on the Chapter-house of York Minster until 1296.
Norwich Cathedral 1289 - 1303
The Chapter-house at Norwich Cathedral was under construction between 1289 and 1303.
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