TimeRef - Medieval History Timelines

1400 Jan	A plot to kill the new King
1400 Aug	Glendower's revolt starts
1400 Aug	Henry invades Scotland
1400 Oct	Henry fights back against Glendower
1401	De heretico comburendo
1401	Hotspur takes control in North Wales
1401 Jun	Hotspur resigns
1402	Henry IV assembles an army
1402 Jun 22	Battle of Pilleth
1403	Revolt of the Percies
1403 Jul 21	Battle of Shrewsbury
1403 Aug	Earl of Northumberland surrenders
1404 May	Glendower's Parliament
1405 Apr	Scrope's revolt
1405 May	Scrope executed
1408 Winter	Henry IV very ill

Robert III

Scotland

1390

James I

Scotland

1406

Charles VI

France

1380

Glendowers Revolt

1400	Aug	Glendower's revolt starts
		What started as a land dispute between Owen Glendower, a wealthy land owner in Wales and his rival Lord Grey of Rutin quickly escalated to a revolt when the English King Henry IV sided with Rutin and awarded him the land.
	Oct	Henry fights back against Glendower
		Henry IV moved into North Wales to try and stop the rebellion but he was not able to deal with the Welsh rebels who were more skilled at fighting in the terrain.
1401		Hotspur takes control in North Wales
		Henry IV gave his son Prince Henry, the future Henry V, the task of defeating Glendower in North Wales. As the boy was only 13 years old, Hotspur a knight and jouster of importance was given the role of guardian over the Prince. Hotspur was the son of Henry Percy the Earl of Northumberland.
	Jun	Hotspur resigns
		After accusing the king of not paying his army, Hotspur resigned his guardianship of the king's son in North Wales and he left to resume fighting the Scots.
1402		Henry IV assembles an army
		The king assembled an army at Shrewsbury Castle in preparation to fight Owen Glendower.
	Jun 22	Battle of Pilleth
		Edmund Mortimer's army met Owen Glendower at Pilleth near Whitton in central Wales. Mortimer's army was badly defeated and Mortimer was captured. Glendower offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom, but Henry IV refused to pay.
	Sep 14	Battle of Homildon Hill
		The armies of the Percies and the Scots met at Homildon Hill near Wooler in Northumberland. The Scots were defeated and the Scots' leader the Earl of Douglas was captured. Henry IV wanted Douglas handed over but Hotspur refused. Hotspur was angry with the English king who had refused to pay a ransom for Edmund Mortimer who had been captured by Owen Glendower and who was a friend of Hotspur's.
1403		Llansteffan Castle attacked by Glendower
		The Norman Llansteffan Castle was attacked by Owen Glendower. Glendower may have held the castle for a short time until it was retaken by Sir John Penress (Pennes).
		Prince Henry in command
		Prince Henry, now sixteen, took control of this army in Wales. He took his troops looking for Owen Glendower but could not find him and so burnt villages and killed any prisoners that were taken. Henry's main problem, like Hotspur's before him was that the King was not providing enough money to pay the English troops.
	Jul 21	Battle of Shrewsbury
		Henry IV managed to reach Shrewsbury just before Hotspur arrived and the rebel army had to camp outside the town to the north. The battle lasted all day but it ended when Hotspur was killed.
1404		Cardiff sacked by Glendower
		Owen Glendower attacked and captured the town of Cardiff and its castle.
		Harlech Castle siege
		The Welsh captured Harlech Castle and the fortess became the base for Owen's revolt.
	May	Glendower's Parliament
		Owen Glendower called a Parliament where he declared himself to be the true 'Prince of Wales'. Embassies from France and Scotland attended the meeting and gave promises to support Glendower's plans to overthrow Henry IV.
1405	Feb	Glendower's agreement
		Owen Glendower, Edmund Mortimer and the Earl of Northumberland combine forces and share the same goal of removing Henry IV. They agreed to divide England and Wales in three, Owen taking Wales and the west of England, the Earl to take the north of England and the north Midlands. Mortimer could have the rest.
	Spring	Battles of Grosmont and Usk
		English forces fought and defeated Welsh forces in two battles at Grosmont and Usk. Sir John Talbot defeated Glendower at Grosmont and Prince Henry forced the Welsh to flee at Usk. Glendower's eldest son was captured at Usk and sent to the Tower of London where he died.
1407		Harlech Castle siege
		The English besiege the Welsh in Harlech Castle.
		Prince Henry besieges Aberystwyth
		Prince Henry laid siege to the castle at Aberystwyth in an attempt to remove the Welsh who had captured it in 1404.
1408	Autumn	Aberystwyth falls to Henry
		The Welsh surrender the castle at Aberyswyth. They had held out for a year. Prince Henry had tried destroying the castle with canons but had no success.
1409	Mar	Harlech falls to the English
		The Welsh in Harlech Castle surrender to the English and the revolt of Welsh comes to an end. Edmund Mortimer was killed.

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People who played important roles in this time period

Edward (Duke of York)
No details

RICHARD (II, King of England 1377-1399)
Richard became King of England in 1377 when his grandfather, Edward III, died. Richard's father, the Black Prince, had died in 1376 and this had left Richard heir to the English throne. As he was only 10 years old at the time and too young to rule unaided his eldest uncle, John of Gaunt, became pro (more...)

Robert (III, King of Scotland 1390-1406)
Originally called John, he used the name Robert when he came to the throne when his father Robert II died in 1390. He had been injured by a horse's kick a few years earlier and suffered from a permanent injury.

Chaucer, Geoffrey
Canterbury Tales.

Percy, Henry (Hotspur)
Hotspur was the son of the Henry Percy the Earl of Northumberland. The Percies were a powerful family in the north of England. They assisted Henry Bollingbroke in the overthrowing of Richard II and his accession to the English throne as Henry IV. Hotspur was given the role of guardian to Prince Henr (more...)

HENRY (V, King of England 1413-1422)
Origins

Henry is believed to have been born sometime in 1387 in the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle. He was the eldest son of Bolingbroke (later to be Henry IV) and Mary Bohun. In October 1399 Bolingbroke claimed the English throne and had Richard II imprisoned and possibly ordered his murder (more...)

Percy, Henry (Earl of Northumberland)
...

Sawtrey, William
William Sawtrey was a follower of John Wycliffe and part of the Lollard movement. William was accused of heresy and sentenced to death. He was the first Lollard to the burned at the stake.

Mortimer, Edmund
Edmund was the youngest son of Edmund Mortimer, the 3rd Earl of March and Philippa Plantagenet.

Mortimer, Edmund (5th Earl of March)
Edmund was directly descended from Edward III via Lionel and when Richard II died became the true heir to the English throne but Henry IV took the throne for himself. During Henry's reign there were several revolts which planned to overthrow Henry and place Edmund on the throne.

Wykeham, William (of)
From an architect and surveyor for Edward III, to the Bishop of Winchester, and the founder of New College, Oxford, William of Wykeham had a varied and distinguished life. Although not taught in religious ways, Wykeham gained his positions in the church as reward for his service to the King. His arc (more...)

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Battles that took place in this time period

1402 Jun 22 - Battle of Pilleth
Edmund Mortimer's army met Owen Glendower at Pilleth near Whitton in central Wales. Mortimer's army was badly defeated and Mortimer was captured. Glendower offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom, but Henry IV refused to pay.

1402 Sep 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill
The armies of the Percies and the Scots met at Homildon Hill near Wooler in Northumberland. The Scots were defeated and the Scots' leader the Earl of Douglas was captured. Henry IV wanted Douglas handed over but Hotspur refused. Hotspur was angry with the English king who had refused to pay a ransom for Edmund Mortimer who had been captured by Owen Glendower and who was a friend of Hotspur's.

1403 Jul 21 - Battle of Shrewsbury
Henry IV managed to reach Shrewsbury just before Hotspur arrived and the rebel army had to camp outside the town to the north. The battle lasted all day but it ended when Hotspur was killed.

1405 Spring - Battles of Grosmont and Usk
English forces fought and defeated Welsh forces in two battles at Grosmont and Usk. Sir John Talbot defeated Glendower at Grosmont and Prince Henry forced the Welsh to flee at Usk. Glendower's eldest son was captured at Usk and sent to the Tower of London where he died.

1408 Feb - Battle of Bramham Moor
The end of the Percy's revolt came at the battle of Bramham Moor where the Earl of Northumberland was killed by the Sheriff of Yorkshire.

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Building work undertaken in this time period

Carlisle Cathedral 1400 - 1419
The tower and nort transept at Carlisle were begun in 1400 and were completed in 1419.

York Minster 1400 - 1405
Building work on the East Window of York Minster until 1405.

Canterbury Cathedral 1400 - 1412
Chapter House at Canterbury building work by Stephen Lote.

Canterbury Cathedral 1400
Henry Yeveley, one of the greatest late medieval architects died in 1400. His work on Canterbury Cathedral was continued by his pupil Stephen Lote.

Worcester Cathedral 1404 - 1432
Work began on the north and south cloisters of Worcester Cathedral. Until 1432.

York Minster 1407 - 1423
Building work on the central tower of York Minster until 1423.

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