| Ruler | Country | Start of Reign | Age at 1540 |
| Henry VIII | England | 1509 | 49 | | 1540 Jan 6 | Marriage of Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves  | | 1540 Jul 9 | Marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled | | 1540 Jul 28 | Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Howard | | 1542 Feb 13 | Catherine Howard executed | | 1543 Jul | Treaties at Greenwich | | 1543 Jul 12 | Marriage of Henry and Catherine Parr | | 1544 | Construction of Southsea Castle | | 1547 Jan 28 | Death of Henry VIII |
| | Edward VI | England | 1547 | 3 | | 1543 Jul | Treaties at Greenwich | | 1547 Feb 20 | Edward VI crowned |
| | Francis I | France | 1515 | ? |
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Henry VIII and his Six Wives
| 1540 | Jan 6 | Marriage of Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves | | | | Although Henry was disappointed that Anne did not resemble her portrait the marriage went ahead as planned. | | Jul 9 | Marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled | | | | The marriage of Henry VIII to Anne of Cleves was annulled just a few months after the marriage. Anne agreed to an annual income and the use of several lavish homes in England. | | Jul 28 | Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Howard | | | | Just weeks after the marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled Henry married Catherine Howard. | | 1542 | Feb 13 | Catherine Howard executed | | | | Found guilty of adultery and therefore treason, Catherine Howard was sentenced to death and was executed. | | Dec 8 | Birth of Mary, Queen of Scots | | | | Mary was born at Linlithgow Palace in West Lothian, Scotland. She was the daughter of James V, king of Scotland and Mary of Guise, from France. James V died a week after Mary was born and she became Queen of Scotland. | | 1543 | Jul 12 | Marriage of Henry and Catherine Parr | | | | Henry married Catherine Parr, his sixth and final wife. |
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| People who played important roles in this time period |
James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542)
James V was the son of James IV, king of Scotland, who died at the battle of Flodden in 1513. James V died at the end of 1542 supposedly due to the shock of his army's defeat by the English at Solway Moss. James V left a daughter. Mary, as heir to the Scottish throne.
Mary (Queen of Scotland)
Daughter of James V of Scotland.
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| Battles that took place in this time period |
1542 Nov 24 - Battle of Solway Moss
A terrible defeat for the Scottish when they were overrun by a much smaller force of English troops led by the duke of Norfolk. Several high-worth Scottish prisoners were taken and transported to the Tower of London for future ransom. The shock of the defeat is supposed to have been so great for the Scottish king, James V, that he died just a few weeks later.
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| Building work undertaken in this time period |
Southsea Castle 1544
Henry VIII built the castle at the entrance to Portsmouth harbour to protect against French invasions.
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