GNVQ
Intermediate IT
Assignment evidence for the grading theme should contain a good bibliography. The following is a guide to good practice that is looked for during assessment. You should also ensure that your sources of information are valid.
Harvard system
Numeric system
Quoting sources
Book references
Internet sources
You can quote a souce but not claim it as your original
work. This information is provided by Mrs Gill Batterley for the
Advanced GNVQ IT on Learning Space, it is equally valid for the Intermediate
GNVQ IT and has been repeated here by her kind permission:-
Full guidance on citing sources of reference is available but here is a version covering the main items to help you get used to the correct systems.
Why cite references:
You have to give the author and date of publication
eg: The work of Dow (1964), Musgrave (1968)
and Hansen (1969) concluded …
The reader can then locate the full description of the item you have cited by going to the alphabetical list of references you have provided at the end of your document.
If you give exact quotations see the QUOTATIONS section
below.
Numbers are inserted into the text that refer to a
numerical sequence of references at the end of your document,
eg: Dow7 and Jenkins9
Or
Dow (7) and Jenkins (9)
Page numbers can be given in your list of references.
No plagiarism please, always acknowledge items you quote directly from an existing source!
When you are quoting from a document in your text the quotation is indicated by enclosing it in quotation marks (either single or double, ie ' ' or " "). When you omit words you use (full stops) ……… to indicate the omission and if you add some of your own words to the quotation you put your own words in square brackets [ ].
Eg: "Organisation structures are constantly evolving
in order to overcome the deficiencies of earlier forms ………" (Lucey, 1995).
A reference is the description of the source you have used.
You use the title page, rather then the cover of the book as your source of reference. The order (including upper and lower case and punctuation) of the reference is:
AUTHOR, Date. Title. Edition. Place : Publisher.
eg: LUCEY T, 1995. Management Information Systems. 7th edition. London: DP Publications Ltd
If there are multiple authors you follow the order
in which the authors are listed on the title page. If there are 4
or more authors, instead of listing them all you may use the words
et al
eg: PEARCE, P, et al, 1976. A model of
output, employment, wages and prices in the UK. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
If you wish to quote from an encyclopaedia, dictionary
or other similar publications (known as collaborative works), they can
be referenced by the title:
eg: The Europa World Yearbook, 1996. London:
Europa Publications Ltd.
The full citation is as follows (including upper and lower case and punctuation):
AUTHOR or EDITOR, year. Title (online). Place of publication: Publisher. Available at: <URL> [Accessed Date].
It is common to regard the organisation responsible for hosting the pages as the publisher but this may not necessarily be the case. Therefore, the Place of publication and Publisher items are optional.
As a MINIMUM, you should cite the URL and the Access
Date. It is important to state when you visited the site as the location
may change and you are informing the reader that the information was correct
on a certain date.
Don't forget that web pages can be written and published
by anyone, the authors are often not experts in a subject and care should
be exercised when quoting such sources. ALWAYS VALIDATE THEM.
It is unlikely that you will need to reference electronic mail (discussion lists or personal) so details are not included here. However, if you do find that you need to do this, guidance is available from your Course or Progress Tutor.
Mar 00
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