Making Names Page-by-Page Guide with suggested running headlines (to be italicised).

CHAPTER ONE: MINDS AND BODIES

(in the contracted rewrite for OUP, this first chapter was split into two, MINDS AND BODIES and PERSONS AND THINGS.)

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	The Landscape
2	The University Town
3	The Near-accident
4	Coffee in the Market Square	The Rarity of Accidents
5	Effect Introduces Himself	Science Missing Something?
6		The Traffic Lights
7		People Have Minds
8		How Do You Know That?
9	Cause Introduces Himself	What is Philosophy?
10		Why a Problem?
11		Other Minds Exist
12		Extrapolating Myself
13		'Deductive' and 'Inductive'
14		Questioning the Premises
15		This Argument Fits Neither Paradigm
16		Yet One Is Certain
17		Why Human Beings?
18	The Bookshop Incident	A Philosophical Record Player
19	The Italian Café	J. S. Mill's Argument
20		Questioning Mill's Premises
21		The Human Form
22		A Constant and Regular Sequence?
23		Missing Links
24		Questioning Mill's Inference
25		Skulls Contain Brains
26		Brain Events and Mental Events
27		Brain Events Cause Mental Events?
28		The Adrenaline Example
29		Brain Events Are Mental Events?
30		Brain Events Themselves Problematic
31		Doubts
32		And Doubts
33		Inordinate Certainty
34		Understanding People
35		Trusting People
36		Mental Illness
37		Philosophy and Madness
38		Descartes
39		A Racist Assumption
40		Everyday Trickeries
41		Philosophical Racism
42	"Let's Go"	The Stone is Angry
43	The Parking Ticket	Cause is Angry
44	The Drive to the San.	'Empiricism', 'Rationalism'
45		'Logical Positivism'
46		The Verification Principle
47	The Tea-Room at the San.	The Babies and the Bathwater
48		Ryle's 'Concept of Mind'
49		Knowing Things
50		Being Angry
51		I Had a Dream
52		Epistemology and Ontology
53		A 'Category-Mistake'
54		The Ghost-in-the-Machine
55		The Double-Life
56		A Linguistic Problem?
57		A Little Algebra
58		M-Language and b-language
59		Ways of Feeling
60		The Emotional Litmus-Paper
61		Imagining the Sea
62		Racism Again
63		Four Statements
64		Four More Statements
65		Linguistic Madness
66		Berkeley, not Descartes
67		Vested Interests
68		A Necessary Partnership
69		Danger: the b-Language is Here
70	The Drive to Hartlands	Mind and Body
71	Hartlands Zoo Park	Effect's First Story: Darwinian Evolution
72		The Soup
73		From Molecules to Protists
74		DNA
75		Genetic Information
76		Adaptation
77		The Tree of Life
78		The Chimpanzees
79		Us and Our Effects
80		Objections: the Scale-Feather
81		Purpose in Evolution
82		Beauty Exists
83		Everything Comes Through the Genes
84		The 'Problem' of Altruism
85		Misleading Tendencies
86		The Language of Evolution
87		What is a Man?
88		Where Does He Come From?
89		How Does He Work?
90		Squeamish or Prudish?
91		What is Consciousness?
92		Where Do We Draw the Line?
93		Organic' and 'Inorganic'
94		'Animate' and 'Living'
95		Eyewash in Arts Block
96		What is a Nerve?
97		What is a Brain?
98		Machines
99		Why so Begrudging?
100		The Ability to Philosophise
101		Philosophy and Survival
102		Other Intelligent Life
103		Anthropocentricity
104		Other Evolutionary Histories
105		Language: Wittgenstein and I
106		The Landscape 'Mined' by Language
107	Back to the Physics Labs.	A Mind-Less World
108	Driving Through the Countryside	The Future
109	Repairs in a Lay-by	A Science Fiction

CHAPTER TWO: CAUSES AND EFFECTS

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	The Physics Labs.	Effect's Research: Hydrogen Fusion
2	Effect's Room	A Glass Billiard-Table
3	The First Collision, the Phone	Did You Spot the Causing?
4		Hume Notebook: What is a Causal Relationship?
5		Four Statements
6		Necessary Connexions
7		Causal Connections Objective?
8		Hume's Blind Alley
9		'The Same Thing'
10		Inductive Evidence
11	Cause Takes a Nap	A Freak Collision
12		What Caused That?
13	The Physics Common Room	Beneath the Surface: Glass is a Liquid
14		Imagining Experimental Possibilities
15		The Causes of Variations
16		A Third Possibility
17		Randomness
18		Explanations and Descriptions
19		"Why?" Questions
20		Necessary Connexions Do Not Exist
21		Causality Adds Nothing
22		"Every Event Has a Cause"
23		Coincidences
24		The Number on the Door
25		Effect's Alarm Clock
26		Networks of Connections
27		The Fluorescent Tubes
28		The Car Accident
29		Different Answers to "Why?" Questions
30		Framework or Strait-Jacket?
31		The Atomic Quicksand
32		'Fitting Things In': A Fourth Possibility
33		Inadmissable Hypotheses
34		Uncheckability-Land
35		Causality a Stumbling-Block?
36	The Coffee Machine Incident	A Change in Usage?
37		Conjunctions and Connections
38		A Law-Governed World
39		Law-Breaking
40		Customs Can Change
41		A Logical World?
42	Christian Names at Last	Or a Free One?

CHAPTER THREE FREEDOMS AND LAWS

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	The English Library Canteen	Freedom in a Caused World
2		Determinisms
3		"As long as I Don't Know..."
4		Predetermination and Predictability
5		Psychology, Neurophysics
6		Proving One is Free
7		Genuine Answers to "Why?" Questions
8		Reasons for Acting
9		No Escape
10		Things We Can Do
11		Teleological Processes
12		Digestion
13		Evolution and Teleology: I am the Purpose
14		A Causal Web Round the World
15		Freedoms in Physics
16	"Let's Go to the Pub."	Some Unlikely Stories
17		Traffic Lights Again
18		Cars and Billiard-Balls
19	Back to the Car	Men and Machines
20	The Car Won't Start	Putting it Right
21	Driving to the 'Volunteer'	A One-Way System
22	The Policeman, the Institute	Evasive Action
23	The Walk by the River	Scientific Laws and Legal Laws
24		Causes of Criminality
25		Treatment or Punishment?
26		An Anarchist's Fantasy
27		Providing Excuses
28		Aristotle: Compulsory Reading
29		'Personality': a Category-Mistake
30		Revenge, Reform, Deterrence
31		The Joys of Motoring
32		Freedoms Bring Responsibilities
33		The Role of the Police
34		Saving Life
35		The Health Service
36		Social Phenomenon or Social Problem?
37		Real Dangers
38		Determinism Self-Verifying
39	The Pub's Still Open!

CHAPTER FOUR: UNIVERSALS AND FAMILIES

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	At the 'Volunteer'	Word-Games
2		The Demand for Definitions
3		What is a Table?
4		Don't Think, Look!
5		Universals
6		Realism, Plato
7		Nominalism
8	Effect's College Rooms	Wittgenstein
9		What is a Game?
10		Family Resemblances
11		Forms and Patterns
12		Philosophers
13		New Resemblances
14		A Family Photo
15		The Analogy Fails
16		Recognising Things
17		Spot-the-Family
18		Family Resemblances In the Mind?
19		Genes
20		Inherited Characteristics
21		Beneath the Surface Again
22		Living Together
23		More Racist Assumptions
24		A Wide-Angle Lens
25		A Choice of Patterns
26		Only a Photograph
27		Being Born
28		Cutting Cords
29	Tea-Break	Parents' Rights
30		Child-Bearing a Moral Act
31		We Have the Technology
32		"I Can Help It"
33		Totalitarianism?
34		Child-Bearing and Child-Rearing
35		A Case for Law?
36		I Know my Rights!
37		The Wrong Reasons
38		Suitable Parents
39		Family Life
40		Despite the System
41		Alternatives
42		'Natural' Bonds
43		Inheriting Names
44		It Won't Wash
45		Motherhood, Fatherhood
46	Effect's Photo	The Ideal Family
47		Up For Grabs
48		Back Into the Melting-Pot

CHAPTER FIVE: GOODS AND MORALS

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	At the Cricket Match	Every Game Evolves
2		We Have To Start Somewhere
3		Recommendation the Name of the Game
4		The Nom-de-Plume
5		Effect's Moral Sense: the Positivists' Problem
6		What is a Good Car?
7		Subjective or Objective?
8		Goods Form a Hierarchy
9		Goods and Functions
10		A Choice of Pyramids
11		Goods and Uses
12		Meanings and Uses
13		Uses of Language
14		What are Morals?
15		Good Bombs
16		People Have Morals
17		Ways of Behaving
18		Doing One's Job
19		Moral Equality
20		Moral Goodness Elusive
21		Public Morals
22		Utilitarianism
23		'Natural' Morality
24		Subjective or Objective?
25		Effect's Dilemma: The Function of a Man
26		What is a Good Man?
27		Moral Ideals
28		Greek and Christian
29		Selflessness
30		In the Genes?
31		Hume on Sympathy
32		Sympathy a Mechanism
33		Benevolence a Virtue
34		Trying to Bridge the Gap
35		Hume's Humanity: the Perfect Ambiguity
36		Wherever one Pitches Camp
37		The 'Is/Ought' Passage
38		Hume's Recommendation
39		Dimensions of Mentality
40		Moral Truths
41		Recognising People
42		Immorality and Racism
43		Moral Goodness Objective?
44		'Absolute' Morality

CHAPTER SIX: GODS AND MODELS

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	Walking Back to College	Effect is a Christian
2		Christian Scientists
3		What is a God?
4		Existing as
5		The Greek Gods
6		History and Myth
7		Gods Form a Family
8	Supper in Hall	The Pre-Socratics
9		To Arche (Greek) of the World
10		Effect's a Vegetarian
11		The Whole Gamut
12	The Senior-Common-Room-to-be	What are Atoms?
13		Effect's Second Story: the Nature of Matter
14		The Idea of Elements
15		The Periodic Table
16		The Fudging Starts
17		More New Words
18		Into the Nucleus
19		Isotopes
20		The Pattern Lost
21		A Very Strange Chemistry
22		Out of Our Depth
23		Quarks
24		Gobbledegooks
25		Cause's Theory
26		Tracing Resemblances
27		Physical Objects and Mathematical Objects
28		Some Unusual Language-Games
29		Naming Atoms
30		Objects of Perception?
31		Aids to Seeing
32		Microscopes, Animals
33		Non-Visible Light
34		Images
35		'Obtaining Results'
36		What Do We See?
37		What is a Photograph?
38		Being Visible
39		Seeing Things
40		Interpretations
41		Whose Duck-Rabbit?
42		Bewitched by Philosophy of Language
43		Picasso's Guernica
44		Perception and Intelligence
45		Seeing Atoms, Seeing God
46		Taking Things Literally
47		What is a Model?
48		What is the Model?
49		Algebraic Functions with Names
50		'Meta' Family Resemblances
51		From Logic to Physics
52		Beyond Verifiability
53		Priests and Scientists
54		A Political Juggernaut
55		Indoctrination
56		A Little Psycho-Analysis
57		Memories of School
58		Recommended for the Priesthood
59		Too Late to Recant
60		Only Small Boats
61		The Philosophy Option
62		Lip-Service

CHAPTER SEVEN: PHYSICS AND METAPHYSICS

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	The Walk back to the Car	Personal Motives
2		What is Metaphysics?
3		The Positivist Attack: a New Definition
4		A Necessary Partnership
5		What is Gravity?
6		A Working Compromise
7		Staking out the Territories
8	The Criminology Car-Park	The Concept of a Wall
9	The Walk to Cause's Flat	Get it Right!
10		Discovering Things
11		Hypothetical Histories
12		Alternative Models
13		Technology and Metaphysics
14		The Technique Top Ten
15		Knowing About Things
16		Indirect Links
17		Number Ten
18		The Well Now Dry
19		Technology Irrelevant: Back to Behaviourism
20		Changing the World
21		Down the Wrong Road
22		What was Einstein?
23		Rationalism and Empiricism
24		Plato and Particle Physics
25		A Sexist Theory of Knowledge
26		State Changes and Atomicity
27		The Notion of an Object
28		What is a Gas?
29		Imagination Running Away
30		Scrap the Lot!
31		Mountainside Madness
32		Effect's Third Story: Modern Cosmology
33		What is a Star?
34		Mapping the Sky
35		Star Evolution
36		How Do We Know?
37		What is a Galaxy?
38		How Do We Know?
39		What Are We looking At?
40		The Redshift
41		Cosmological Facts
42		Relativity
43		Whom is Scientific Explanation For?
44		Bending Out of Sight
45		Lapsing Into Meaninglessness
46		The Big Bang
47		Receding Credibility
48		Quasars
49		Gravitational Collapse
50		Black Holes
51		The Last Horizon
52		No More Light
53		A World of Words

CHAPTER EIGHT: ABOVE OLYMPUS

Page	Setting	Topic of conversation
1	Cause's Flat	Coming Clean
2		Practical Realities
3		Our Gods Have Failed Us
4		The Functions of Myths
5		Cause's Model
6		A Light Show
7		The Scientist and the Philosopher
8		Naming Forces
9		Cause's Drama
10		The Prologue
11-19		ACT I
20-21		Interval
22-26		ACT II
27-30		Interval
31-35		ACT III
36		Gut and Glass and Glue
37	A Fading Shot	The Cold Light of Day

Suggested cover/dust-jacket design

1. A Photograph of a battered MGA Sports-car in an urban street
2. An artist's impression of a Carbon Atom (electrons green, protons red, neutrons white)
3. A Photograph of a red and a white billiard-ball, just touching
4. A Photograph of a young woman's face; sternly beautiful, with cropped hair
5. A Photograph of a village green cricket match
6. An artist's impression of the Planet Earth in space
7. A Photograph of the Spiral Galaxy M31 in Andromeda
8. A Drawing of a set of traffic-lights
9. An old (black & white) Photograph of a family group (2 adults, 3 children)
10. A Photograph of a Chimpanzee
11. A Photograph of a Bomb
12. A Photograph of a Greek Statue
13. A Photograph of Ants swarming
14. A Photograph of the Sea and
15. at the centre of the design, a drawing of a book, on the cover of which a hand-held fountain pen is writing the words: "MAKING NAMES by Andrew Malcolm"

INDEX of philosophers referred to in the text (chapter.page). Also, certain scientists and other writers and some key scientific or philosophical terms. Underlining indicates quotation.

Aeschylus 8.4
Anaximander 6.9
Anaximenes 6.9
Aristotle: on voluntary action 3.28, 4.12; on goods 5.9ff; on moral ideals 5.25ff; 'elements' 6.14; 'metaphysics' 7.2
Atoms, atomic numbers 1.49; neon 2.29; atomic weight 2.31; atomic theory 6.13ff, 7.13, 7.25ff
Ayer, A. J. 1.46, 1.55, 4.12, 6.45
Behaviourism 1.44ff, 1.93, 5.14 , 7.19
Berkeley, Bishop George 1.66ff, 1.107, 4.12, 6.42
'Big Bang' theory 3.16, 7.46ff
'Category Mistake' 1.52, 3.29
Carbon 1.49, 1.72; carbon-compounded 1.94, 6.15ff
DNA molecule 1.74ff
Dalton 6.13ff, 6.25
Darwin 1.71ff
Deduction 1.13ff
Democritus 6.11, 6.25
Descartes 1.38, 1.54, 1.63, 4.12, 6.51
Determinism 3.2ff
Einstein 7.18, 7.21, 7.22, 7.42ff
Electra 4.39, 8.4ff
Electrons 2.29, 6.17ff, 6.27ff, 7.14ff, 8.6ff; e. microscope 4.18, 6.34ff
Empedocles 6.11, 6.14
Empiricism 1.44, 2.11, 7.23
Epistemology 1.52
Euripedes 8.4
Existentialism 3.29
Genes 1.74ff, 4.18ff
Gravity 5.22, 6.56, 7.4, 7.49
Heraclitus 6.9, 7.14
Heisenberg 3.15, 6.61
Hume, David: on causation 2.4-8, 2.20, 2.7, 2,37, 2.39, 4.12; on sympathy 5.31-35; 'is/ought' 5.37ff
Induction 1.13ff, 2.5
Isotopes 6.6ff
Joyce, James 6.23
Leucippus 6.11
Logical Positivism 1.44ff, 5.1, 5.12ff, 6.47, 7.19
Mill, J. S. 1.19ff, 4.12, 5.22
Newton 1.45, 1.104, 7.4ff, 7.42ff
Nominalism 4.7
Oedipus 4.39, 8.4ff
Ontology 1.52
Organic chemistry 1.72, 1.94
Parmenides 6.10
Picasso's Guernica, 6.43
Plato 4.6ff, 4.10ff, 4.12ff, 5.25, 7.24
Periodic Table, the 6.15, 7.11
'Polar concepts' 1.36
Protons 2.2, 6.17ff, 6.27, 8.7
Pythagoras 6.10
Quarks 6.23ff, 6.27, 7.16
Rationalism 1.44, 7.22ff
Realism 4.7
Ryle, Gilbert 1.44ff; Concept of Mind 1.48 ff, 4.12
Socrates 4.11, 4.12, 5.25
Sophocles 8.4
Teleology 3.11ff
Thales 6.8
Utilitarianism 5.22
Verification Principle 1.46ff, 1.55, 6.45, 7.3
Wittgenstein: 'I' 1.105; family resemblances 4.8, 4.9ff, 4.12ff; meaning & use 5.11ff; the duck-rabbit 6.40ff

Author background

I: was born in England in 1948 into the hert of the green-belted middle-class; was educated at Tonbridge School, gaining a scholarship in Natural Sciences to Queens' College, Cambridge, where I took a three-year course in Philosophy ('Moral Sciences' as was), receiving by B.A. (M.A.) in 1971; travelled extensively in Europe (East and West), India, the Far East and Russia; settled in Brighton and for four years held a number of adult education lecture courses in Brighton, Haywards Heath and the surrounding areas. It was as a result of this lecturing that the ideas and arguments involved in Making Names began to take shape.

Go to the next item, or the previous item in the Evidence (red) file.

Go to Malcolm's Statement of Claim, to the Case History, to the Affidavits: Ivon Asquith (1), Asquith (2), Henry Hardy, William Shaw (solicitor) (1), Sir Roger Elliott (1), Margaret Goodall, to the Witness Statements: Elliott, Hardy, Richard Charkin, Nicola Bion, Goodall, to the courtroom testimony of the Oxford Six, 14/3/1990: Elliott, Goodall, Bion, Asquith, Charkin, Hardy, to the testimony of Andrew Malcolm 13/3/1990, to the Chancery Court Judgment, to the Appeal Court Judgment, to the Damages assessment, to the Settlement agreement.

Return to the Malcolm vs. Oxford I (1984-92) Index, to the Malcolm vs. Oxford II (2001-02) Index, to the blurb for Making Names, to its reviews, to The Remedy, or to the SITE INDEX.