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1878 March. Berlin Congress.
1878 June 4. Turkey sells Cyprus to England.
1879 Kurdish revolt at Badinan by Obeydalla.
1894 September - 1896 August. Sultan Abdul Hamit applies the policy
of genocide to the Armenians.
In August and September 1894, Armenians are slain in Sassun.
In October 1895 takes place the first organized genocide in
Constantinople and Trebizond and in November and December 1895 the
authorities organized a great massacre throughout the country.
In June 1896, the massacre of Van takes place.
After the capture by the Armenians in 26-8-1896 of the
Ottoman Bank, another massacre takes place in Constantinople. Total number
of victims is 300000.
1896 May 12. Murders of Greeks and conflicts between Greeks and
Turks in the island of Crete.
1909 end of March. New massacres of the Armenians organized by the
New - Turks at Adana, Tarsus and other towns of Cilicia. Victims are 30000
Armenians and some American missionaries.
1909 Revolution of the Arabs in Yemen is suppressed in bloodshed by
the New - Turks.
1911 October 1. Assassination of Emilianos, Bishop of Grevena by the
Turks.
1912 Kurdish uprising in Mardin under Bedirhan and H. Remo, and in
Bitlis under Seyh Selim.
1912. The Turkish army in retreat from East Thrace loots the
villages of Didymotichon and Adrianopoli districts. Villages of the Malgara
district are burnt. The same happens in Kessani. Assassinations and
massacres accompany the destruction and looting in this predominantly Greek
region.
1913 February. The Turkish authorities compel the Greek inhabitants
of the district of village Crithea to leave their village in East Thrace. A
brutal looting follows.
1913. The reoccupation of Eastern Thrace by the Turkish army leads to
atrocities and massacres o f Greeks. 15690 are the victims of these
massacres. In the regions of Malgara and Charioupoli many villages are also
destroyed. Massacres were followed by looting.
1914 February 8. The Dutch Westerneck and the Norwegian Hoft are
appointed as General Inspectors of the Armenian provinces.
1914 May 25 .The Greek Orthodox (Ecumenical) Patriarcate protests
for the persecution of Christians and commands all churches and schools to
be closed.
1914 May 27. The Turkish authorities at Pergamum command all
Christian population to leave the town within two hours. The terrorized
inhabitants take refuge in the Greek island of Mytilini.
1914 May - June. The Turkish authorities enforce all kinds of
persecutions in the Greek regions of West Asia Minor. The coast of Asia
Minor is devastated. In Erythrea and Phocaia the massacres of Greeks are
merciless.
1914 July. The General Inspectors of the Armenian provinces arrive
in Constantinople. Mr. Hoft arrives at Van.
1914July - August. The Turkish government creates «the
forced labor battalions». It is a new scheme for extermination of the
Greeks - Ottoman citizens - drafted in the Turkish army. By this method of
the "forced labor battalions» 400000 Greeks were exterminated by
hunger, hardship, maltreatment and deprivation.
1914 September. The Turks declare persecution against the Greek
inhabitants of the Makri region of the South - West Asia Minor. Many are
killed. Persecution is followed by plunders, violations and robberies.
1914 November. By order of the Turkish government many villages of
Eastern Thrace where there was a great majority of Greek population are
forcibly evacuated (Neochorio, Galatas, Callipoli etc..) Plunder of houses
and shops follows. Thousands fled from their ancestral homes to Greece.
1914 November - December. By order of the Turkish government, the
region of Visii and part of the Saranda Eklisiae is evacuated. 19000 Greeks
are exiled in Anatolia and their properties looted. According to the
Ecumenical Patriarchate records, 119,940 Greeks were expelled from
East Thrace.
1914 January - December. More than 250000 Greeks are exiled from
East Thrace and Smyrna's region. The properties of the exiled are detained.
1914. During this year Turkish persecutions against the Greeks are
hardened. The Ecumenical Patriarchate strongly protests. Talbot bye the
Minister of internal affairs visits the pro-vinces to examine the
complaints, but the persecutions are intensified because the minister in
collaboration with the local authorities renders them more systematic.
1915April. Arrests in great numbers of Armenian
intellectuals and prominent national Armenian leaders in Constantinople and
the provinces. They are deported in Anatolia and are slain on the road. The
Armenian soldiers of the Turkish army are disarmed and massacred by
thousands. The Armenian population is exiled to the Syrian desert and
massacred by tens of thousands, slain by the Turkish army, the irregulars
and the civilians or left to die of hunger and maltreatment 1,500,000.
Armenians are the victims of Turkish ferocity.
1915 June 13. "The formal declaration" of
the Armenian extermination is published by the Ottoman government.
1915 September 16. A secret telegram to the Allepo District Command
orders: "You have knowledge that the government has decided the
thorough extermination of the Armenian population living in Turkey.
Everyone who has a contrary opinion cannot continue to be a member of the
State administration. There must be an end to their existence without any
mercy for the women, children and invalid persons regardless of the awful
means of extermination. Minister of Internal Affairs Talaat bey». You are
not wrong. It is an order of the Turkish government addressed to Turks who
are supposed to belong to the human race. Every comment is unnecessary.
1915. The Turks begin a fierce persecution against the Syrian
Orthodox and Nestorians living in Hakkari, Mardin and Midyat regions.
Though not well known, this persecution equals that of the Armenians. One
of the first victims was Adai Ser Archbishop of Sert. General massacres and
full destruction were its characteristics. The annihilation was almost
completed till the end of World War I.
1916. Destruction of the region Riseou - Platanou of Pontus. Plunder
of the towns Ofis, Sourmena and Gemoura. The looting organized by the
Ottoman State officials took place under the leadership of Ahmet bey and
that of field marshal Velip pacha.
1916. The Turks compel the inhabitants of different regions of Pontus
to immigrate to Sivas. Only 550 survived out of 16,750 inhabitants of the
Elevi and Tripoli regions. Of the 49,520 inhabitants of Trebizont only
20.300 saved their lives, 1916 December 27. All prominent of Amissos and
4000 Greeks, inhabitants of the town are arrested and deported to Anatolia.
1917 March 10. Adil Bey, deputy of Lebanon in the Ottoman Parliament
declared officially that only in Lebanon and Syria, 144,000 persons died of
hunger purposely provoked by the Turkish administration.
1917 Spring. The deportation of 23000 Greeks, inhabitants of
Cydoniae is ordered by the Turks
1917 November. 400 Greek families are expelled from the S.W. Asia
Minor by the Turks. Their properties are looted.
1918 January 8. The president of U.S.A. Wilson declares the
principle of self - determination for all the peoples oppressed by Turkey.
1918 April. Another 8000 Greek families are expelled from S.W. Asia
Minor.
1918 May 28. After the victory of the Armenians over the Turkish
army, the independence of Armenia is proclaimed.
1918 June 4. After several months of fighting the Armenians have
fought alone against Turkey, the treaty of Batum is signed by which Turkey
recognizes the Independent Armenian Republic.
1919 June 4. After 5 years of exile the inhabitants of Pergamum
return home.
1919 June 25. The French premier Clemenceau says for the Armenian
massacres: «The whole history has not to show another example of such
organized hideous acts».
1920 January 19. The Supreme Allied Council recognizes the
independence of Armenia.
1920. Chryssanthos, Bishop of Trebizond is condemned to death in
absentio by the Court Martial of Ankara. The Bishop of Zilon is condemned
and dies in jail.
1920 August 10. Signature of the treaty of Sevres providing an independent
Armenia, self determination for Kurdistan and liberation of East Thrace and
Smyrna's territory, according to the president Wilson declaration for self
- determination of all peoples of Asia Minor.
1920 September. Kemalist Turkey attacks Armenia. The Armenians fight
desperately against the Turkish army. Finally the Armenians succumbed on 2
- 12 - 1920. The Turkish victory is followed by a general massacre
of the Armenians and the annexation of one half of the independent Armenia
to Turkey..
1920 November 22. The arbitration of President of U.S.A. Wilson on
the turco - Armenian frontiers is submitted.
1921 June 3. Kemalists arrest 1320 Greeks, prominent inhabitants of
Samsus. The next day they kill 701. The dead are buried in common graves
behind the house of Hekir Pacha. The rest are exiled in the interior of
Anatolia.
1922August 24. The Turkish army seizes Pergamum. The Greek
citizens flee to save their lives.
1922September 9. The Turks enter Smyrna. The city is set on
fire. Wild massacres of Greeks and Armenians take place. The victims count
about 150000 persons.
1922 October. After the evacuation of East Thrace by the Greek army,
300000 Greeks are compelled to leave their country, where their ancestors
have lived for thousands of years.
1914 - 1922October. It is estimated that during these 8
years, the Greek nation has suffered by the Turks:
- Massacres.
More than 150.000 Greeks of the Pontus region and more than 1400000
Greeks of Asia Minor have perished by massacres, shooting, hanging, hunger
and inhuman and criminal maltreatment by Turks.
- Refugees.
It is estimated that more than 1.700.000 Greeks were saved from the
Turkish murderous frenzy as refugees. 1400000 of them came to Greece
from East Thrace, Asia Minor and Pontus. About 200.000 went to Russia
from Pontus and the rest were dispersed all over the world.
All these persons left their fatherland, after more than 3000 years,
during which their ancestors have continuously lived in these regions,
chased by the Turks, newcomers in Asia Minor.
1924 July 10. Kurdish revolt of Nasturi in Hakkari. It was
suppressed by the 7th Turkish Army corps after 79 days 36 villages were
destroyed 12 others were leveled down to the earth.
1925 March 3. The great Kurdish revolution bursts out at Elazig
under Seyh - Sait 10.000 Kurds seize Harput and attack Diyarbakir, the
Capital of Kurdistan After the complete destruction of 48 villages,
the,revolution was suppressed at 7/10/1927 drowned in Kurdish blood.
1926 May 16. Mount Agri Kurdish revolt takes place. The rebels
caught prisoner, the 28th Turkish infantry division. The revolt after being
spread to the regions of Hakkari, Siirt and Mardin, was suppressed after
fierce fights with more powerful forces at 17/7/1926.
1927 May 30. A great Kurdish revolution in Diyarbakir
and Agri under Seyh Enver. It was suppressed after violent fights at
7/10/1927. 2000 Kurdish fighters were killed. For many days the waters of
Murat river were turned red by the blood of the slain Kurdish fighters.
1928. Two Kurdish uprisings took place. The first under Resul Aga at
Siirt, and the second under Ali Can. Accurate information lacking, owing to
Martial Law.
1930 June 2. Kurdish uprising at Agri region. It was suppressed at
18 - 9 - 30.
1930 August 31. Turkish newspaper Milliet publishes a declaration of
Premier Ismet Inonu «Only the Turkish nation has the right to have national
claims in this country. No other element has such a right».
1930 September 30. Turkish paper Milliet publishes a statement of
the Turkish minister of Justice:
«The Turk is the only master in his country. Those who are not pure
Turks have one right in this country: The right to be servants, the right
to be slaves». This is the way Turkey understands the human rights and
behaves to the minorities of Armenians, Greeks, Syrians and Kurds. Even
today 12 million Kurds have not a school, their language, their
music and dances are prohibited, their leaders persecuted and the Kurdish
people killed.
1935. A Kurdish uprising under Buban in Bitlis and in Siirt under
Abdul Rahman takes place.
1937. A Kurdish revolution under Seyh Risa, bursts at Dersim.
Details are not known because of the severe censorship by turkish
authorities.
1937 May 23. The Turkish government forbids the edition of the
newspaper of Constantinople Son Telegraph, because it has referred to the
Kurdish sufferings.
1938 November 10. Death of Kemal Ataturk, the butcher of Kurds,
Greeks and Armenians who saved his country from partition.
1941 May. Mobilization of 20 classes of the Greek and Armenian
minorities living in Turkey and having Turkish citizenship, in order to
exterminate them in the same manner, as they have already done during World
War I, through the forced - labor battalions.
1942 November 11. The law of taxation on property of the non
Muslims of Turkey (Varlik Vergisi) is voted. It is a hideous attempt of
economic extermination of the Greek and Armenian communities, which were
exposed undefended to the excesses and abuse of power by the Turkish
economic authorities.
1955 September 6. The Turkish authorities organize a great pogrom
against the Greeks of Constantinople. 29 Churches were burnt and 46 looted.
The graves of the Ecumenical Patriarchs and Christian cemeteries were
vandalized. Thousands of shops were destroyed. Hundreds of women raped.
Vandalism's at a smaller scale have takes place in Smyrna.
1960 A military Coup takes
place showing that the Armed Forces have always been and will always will
be in charge of Turkey where there is no real Democracy.
1971 12 March. Another military Coup
occurs which leaves the fascist military in power until 1973.
1974 July 20. The Turkish army invades the independent and armless
island of Cyprus, member of U.N.O. and seizes the 40% of it, on pretext
that this is necessary for the Turkish -Cypriot minority which equals 18%
of the whole population.
1974 July - August. Despite the resolutions of the U.N. Security
Council No 353, 357, 358, 359, 360 etc. which urged: «The withdrawal
without delay from the Republic of Cyprus of foreign military personnel».
The invading Turkish forces have turned into a permanent occupation army,
which for 25 years does not conform with the above resolutions, despises
U.N.O., challenges every conscientious man of the World and undermines world
peace.
1975 The Turkish occupation
regime in north Cyprus declares it to be a "Federated Turkish
State" in the face of UN condemnation. Out of the 200,000 original
Greek Cypriot inhabitants who made up 82% of the population only 20,000
remain in enclaves, soon to dwindle in number to less than 600 through the
deprivation of basic human rights including Freedom of Movement, Education
and Medical Treatment.
1976 The 1st Report of the European Commission of Human Rights
Turkey's invasion in Cyprus and aftermath (20 July 1974 - 18 May 1976)
finds that Turkey is guilty of mass violations of the European Convention
of Human Rights.
1978 The Turkish fascist
state initiates a pogrom against Alevi-muslims all over Turkey. All over Turkey,
Grey Wolves murder hundreds of people. The place where the most people are
killed is Kahramanmaras. The repression and criminalisation of
Alevi-muslims in Turkey, continous also in the present time
1978 December 25. Turkish fascists massacre hundreds of Kurds in
Marash
1978 December 28. Proclamation of Martial Law in 15 provinces of
Turkish Kurdistan prohibiting for 18 years now any information about the
sufferings of the Kurdish people. The fascist government of Ankara hopes
that they will achieve by force the submission of the enslaved peoples of
Asia Minor. They hope they will continue to occupy the country of Armenia,
Kurdistan, North Cyprus and the Greek fatherland of East Thrace and West
Asia Minor. The future will prove how wrong they are. Every free and
conscientious man of the world must help for that.
1980 September 12. Coup led by
General Kenan Evren overthrows the governing MHP replacing one brand of
fascism with yet another lasting until 1983.
1983. The 2nd Report of the European Commission of Human Rights
Turkey's invasion in Cyprus and aftermath (19 May 1976 to 10 February 1983)
finds that Turkey is guilty of further mass violations of the European
Convention of Human Rights.
1983 November 15. The
illegal Turkish puppet regime declares independence for the "Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC") in the occupied part
of Cyprus which has now been systematically Ethnically Cleansed of over
200,000 indigenous Greek Cypriots. The "illegal" declaration is
immediately "Deplored" by the UN Security Council which declares
the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" "Legally
Invalid" in Resolutions 541(1983) and 550 (1984) which also
"Condemns" this and all other secessionist actions.
1984 Turkey begins a crackdown on
Kurds seeking autonomy. In the following years many Kurdish Villages are
razed to the ground and emptied of inhabitants who are moved to other parts
of Turkey or forced to flee as refugees. Those who speak out against the
Turkish regime are summarily imprisoned or assassinated.
1993 The Turkish brutalities against the Kurdish people continue and
are stepped up. Turkey showing ABSOLUTELY NO RESPECT for international laws
and agreements invades Northern Iraq in its attempt to butcher the Kurdish
people
1995 Turkish soldiers from
the Hakkari Mountain Commando Brigade slaughter and dismember the bodies of
Kurdish resistance fighters. They then take photographs of themselves
posing with the victims of their barbaric crime and sell them as trophies
at $2 a piece.
1996 January 27. Turkish naval forces
briefly invade and occupy the island of Imia which was deemed as Greek
Territory by the Paris 1947 convention. Only US intervention prevents a
war. This is part of an endless list of challenges to Greek sovereignty,
which include illegal Turkish claims to almost every Greek island in the
Aegean, even the island Crete, and the daily violation of Greek Air Space
and Territorial Waters
1996 August 12 and August 14. Turkish
occupation and security forces together with MHP Grey Wolves terrorists
sent by the Turkish Government to occupied Cyprus brutally beat and murder
Cypriot refugees peacefully protesting against Turkeys illegal occupation
and ethnic cleansing of northern Cyprus, in the UN buffer zone in front of
United Nations onlookers and the worlds media who capture the scenes on
video. Tassos Isaak is clubbed to death on August 12 by Turkish thugs and
his cousin Solomos Solomou is shot dead on August 14 by a so-called
"minister" of the puppet occupation regime.
1996 September 14. A 58-year-old
Greek Cypriot Civillian, Petros Kakoullis, was shot and killed while out
collecting Snails, by the Turkish occupation troops, receiving three
bullets, two on the chest and one on the neck.
1999 Turkey captures Kurdish leader
Abdullah Ocalan and after torturing him and depriving him of legal
representatives subjects him to an inhume trial in glass cage, demanding
the death penalty from a specially set-up Kangaroo Court.
1999 The death toll of Kurds killed
in Turkish military operations rises to over 40,000 and according to the
figures published by Turkeys own "parliament", 6,000 Kurdish
Villages have been systematically emptied of all inhabitants and 3,000,000
Kurds have been displaced.
2001 May 10'. In its judgment in the
case of Cyprus v. Turkey (application no. 25781/94 the European Court of
Human Rights holds that there have been 13 violations of the European
Convention of Human Rights by Turkey affecting the rights of the Greek
Cypriot refugees and enclaved persons from the occupied areas of Cyprus and
a further violation of the rights of theTurkish Cypriots.
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