Digital Resolution
How to match your lens and your camera for best results

Theory

Test
Shots

Early
2004

Late
2003

To test whether the theory on the previous page holds up I shot a series of photos of a lichen covered slate roof approximately 50 meters away using a Nikon D2h and a Nikon 300mm f/2.8 lens and up to 3 teleconverters. They were taken with no in-camera sharpening and then processed on the PC for optimum sharpness. However even the 1680mm shot only required slightly more sharpening than the 600mm shot. 

I have added some extra examples taken since which show the best performance I have seen. Again none have been excessively sharpened compared with the others.
  

Photograph (at 100%)

Nikon D2H
Focal Length: 600mm
Color Mode: Mode II (Adobe RGB)
2004/08/01 19:02:51.5
Exposure Mode: Programmed Auto
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp: Auto
RAW (12-bit) Lossless
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: AF-C
Image Size:  Large (2464 x 1632)
1/400 sec - F/10 
Exposure Comp.: -0.7 EV
Sharpening: None
Lens: 300mm F/2.8 D
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Taken with 600mm f/5.6 lens stopped 
down to f/10 


Taken with same lens at f/5.6
from center of image

Nikon D2H
Focal Length: 840mm
Color Mode: Mode II (Adobe RGB)
2004/08/01 19:00:29.0
Exposure Mode: Programmed Auto
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp: Auto
RAW (12-bit) Lossless
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: AF-C
Image Size:  Large (2464 x 1632)
1/320 sec - F/12
Flash Sync Mode: Not Attached
Sharpening: None
Lens: 300mm F/2.8 D
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Taken with 840mm f/8 lens stopped 
down to f/12


Taken with this lens at f/8
near center of image


Same image almost at the corner
corrected for chromatic aberration

Nikon D2H
Focal Length: 1200mm
Color Mode: Mode II (Adobe RGB)
2004/08/01 18:57:04.2
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp: Auto
RAW (12-bit) Lossless
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: Manual
Image Size:  Large (2464 x 1632)
1/90 sec - F/16
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sharpening: None
Lens: 300mm F/2.8 D
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Taken with 1200mm f/11 lens stopped down
to f/16 

Nikon D2H
Focal Length: 1680mm
Color Mode: Mode II (Adobe RGB)
2004/08/01 17:37:57
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp: Auto
RAW (12-bit) Lossless
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: Manual
Image Size:  Large (2464 x 1632)
1/15 sec - F/32
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sharpening: None
Lens: 300mm F/2.8 D
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Taken with 1680mm f/16 lens stopped down to f/32 
(slightly different lighting conditions)


This lens stopped down to f/22
the center of the image

The last shot clearly shows the most detail of the subject, but is not as sharp as the earlier ones. Taking an estimate of the resolution in the last shot as ~1.5 pixels gives an angular resolution of ~1 arcsecond which is about equal to the theoretical prediction for a perfect lens of this diameter imaging green light (Stopping down does not significantly worsen the resolution as the aperture diaphragm is much closer to the imager than the first lens element). 

Given that this must be less than a perfect lens the extra resolution must be due to the applications of un-sharp masks  used to sharpen the images.

On a practical note the images shown are crops from the center of the frame. For the 1680mm shot there is a chromatic aberration of about 2 pixels at the edge of the frame. 600 and 840mm seem to show equal amounts, about 2/3 of a pixel, at the edge. This can be removed effectively with this setup by resizing the red channel only.

With experience of these setups in the field I feel quite happy to stack the tc20e II and tc14e II and expect to get sharp images even without stopping down. Autofocus still works, all be it very slowly, as the camera does not recognise that there is an extra teleconverter. My third teleconverter is an old tc201 and images with this added are always obviously of a lower quality than otherwise. Replacing this with another modern teleconverter might produce good images stopped down.

 

E-mail Paul Burrows