Computerish Paintings
This is a very interesting style. Not because the paintings are better or
worse than any others, but because it relates to all sorts of things which can
call into question lots of assumptions we make. Let's look at three
computerish paintings by Albers, Noland and Mondrian.
On the left, Homage to the square by Albers strikes us as painted
according to a recipe. The colours become lighter and increasingly saturated
as they go in to the centre, with the hue varying in a less obvious manner -
perhaps from redder to yellower - perhaps not very much at all. What about the
sizes and positioning of the squares? The squares evidently reduce in linear
dimension by exactly the same amount - (40 pixels in my version). The
positions are arranged so that each square drops by thirty pixels, leaving ten
pixels spacing at the bottom - which adds, as it must, to make the 40 pixels.
Anyone with a smattering of knowledge of colour and trivial mathematical skill
could write a program to generate things very like Homage to the Square
in a half-hour or so. Some questions arise from this, though. Firstly would
Albers have done this computerish painting (colour field painting, in art
style terminology) if computers had been around and as easily accessible when
he did this in 1964? Does the computer do for this sort of painting what the
camera did for normal painting? Even if we assume that the paint has been laid
on as evenly as possible, and that the measurements really do follow the
simple progression suggested, there is still plenty of room for the artists
choice. There is the size of the first square; the decrement to its dimensions
in producing the others; the number of squares to be included; the amount by
which the brightness of the squares changes. There is also the amount by which
the saturation changes (if at all), the amount by which the hue changes (if at
all) and the amount of the centre offset that gives the asymmetry. Even if we
ignore the saturation and hue variations, and give a very conservative
estimate of say 20 for the number of possibilities for each of the other
choices, we have a possible number of paintings like this of about three
million. How many of them would be as effective as Homage to the square?
Apart from this, Albers had to choose to use squares, to use the changing
position of the centre, to vary the hue/saturation/value parameters. Yes, he
made a lot of choices.
Look now at Gift, by Noland (right).
Superficially it could almost be seen as a circular
version of Square. The
basic colour is similar. The same simple set of geometric figures placed one
upon the other is seen. In fact though, it has obvious differences. The discs
are concentric. The circles contrast with the square background. And there is
no sign of the mathematical rules. The artist has not operated within such an
obvious set of self-imposed rules. Does this make the painting better or worse
- or is it immaterial? Is the painting more computerish, with its concentric
symmetry, of less so in view of the absence of mathematical progressions of
size and colour?
Our last computerish painter - and maybe the most famous - is Mondrian. His
works seemed to influence a generation of designers, and hence the new
buildings that were put up in the fifties around London to replace those lost
to bombing. Many had the bright red, yellow and blue squares of colour placed
around them in a calm but colourful attempt to brighten up schools, swimming
pools and colleges. Some still exist, and the power of the Mondrian-like
colour layouts to transport one back to the fifties is immense.
One could write a program to generate Mondrian-like paintings, but it would
be far less effective than a Noland painting program, or an Albers painting
program. And in fact if one traces Mondrian's work as he developed, one can
see that it changed slowly, and that at no point does he seem to have suddenly
"gone abstract". The post-painterly abstractionists, like Albers and
Noland produce work that doesn't seem to be referential to anything in the
real world. Their work seems like a cerebral creation - left-hemisphere stuff,
in
pseudo-psychological parlance. Mondrian, though, seems to have transformed
the real world, via a time-varying human filter, gradually producing works
like Composition 10 after many years of natural development. Still -
I'd like to do a computer Mondrian - just to see - although even in this
period Mondrian's work was far more complex than that of Albers or Noland.
One thing that should be borne in mind, when talking of computerish
painting, is that the hard-edged machine-like qualities that most normal
people associate with a computer are a red herring. Anyone with a penchant for
making mechanical devices could create a computer-driven brush-manipulating
engine, which could splodge away in very human style, or at least like a
chimpanzee!