Look at the diagrams on the previous page and follow the points below

1. The wooden pattern has been placed on the board and sand rammed all around it.
2. This diagram shows what it looks like inside the drag. Notice that the sand round the pattern has been sieved to make it very fine so it takes on every detail of the pattern.
3. The cope has been filled with sand but sprue pins were placed in the sand first.
4. This shows inside the cope and drag at this stage. Notice small vent holes have been spiked into the sand so any steam caused by the sand drying out will be able to escape rather than cracking the sand.
5. The cope and drag are separated and any excess sand is brushed away.
6. The pattern is lifted from the sand after tapping it to loosen it. The sprue pins are also removed.
7. Gates are cut (these are channels) from the bottom of the sprue pins to the mould (the space left once the pattern has been removed). Notice the sprue holes are now called the runner and riser. All this means is that the metal will be poured down the runner and eventually when the mould is full will rise up the riser. The small basins that are shown are to prevent metal washing sand directly into the mould and thus preventing small 'pit' holes appearing in the finished casting.

Furnace for heating the metal. Crucible which holds the metal and is lifted from the furnace when the metal is ready to pour. Cope and drag.

Sieve for making the sand fine around the pattern. Trowel for cutting large portions of sand away. Bellows for blowing particles of sand out of mould. Rammer for ramming sand tight
Tongs for lifting crucible. Various tools for cutting gates of various shapes and sizes