WRITER, The apostle Paul. 
PLACE AND DATE. Probably written from Rome between 65 and 67 A.D. It contains the last recorded words of the Apostle.
PURPOSE.
(1) General, to encourage and instruct a young pastor in his ministerial work.
(2) Special, to request Timothy, his son in the gospel, to hasten to Rome in order that he might have the comfort of his companionship
2Ti 1:4 4:9,21
HISTORICAL OCCASION. It is generally believed that Paul suffered two imprisonments at Rome, and that it was during the second that this epistle was written. Formerly he had had a certain degree of liberty and lived in his own hired house.
Ac 28:30
At that time he had been accessible to his friends, but now he is in close confinement and Onesiphorus had difficulty in finding him,
2Ti 1:17 He had been deserted by many of his former associates, 2Ti 1:15 and was expecting very soon to be led out to execution.
2Ti 4:6 There is a pathetic strain of loneliness running through the epistle, and it is not surprising that he was anxious to see his beloved Timothy.
PECULIARITIES OF THE EPISTLE.
Both epistles to Timothy contain urgent exhortations. It has been surmised that Timothy was not robust. See
1Ti 5:23
Perhaps he was temperamentally timid
2Ti 1:6,7
Hence the word "ashamed" appears prominently in the epistle. He was urged not to be ashamed of HIS TESTIMONY, HIS PRISONER FRIEND
2Ti 1:8
or his WORKMANSHIP
2Ti 2:15
He was exhorted to regard himself as a soldier in the midst of a hard campaign
2Ti 2:3,4
THE EPISTLE MAY BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS, the chapters furnishing the natural divisions.
SYNOPSIS.
PART I. Personal Greetings, Exhortations and Experiences.
Ch. 1.
(1) The affectionate greeting
2Ti 1:1-4
(2) A reminder to Timothy of his godly ancestry, and an exhortation to earnestness and courage
2Ti 1:5-8
(3) A reference to the plan of salvation through Christ
2Ti 1:9,10
(4) Personal allusions to the writer's own call to the work, and his unswerving confidence in the Lord
2Ti 1:11,12
(5) A second exhortation
2Ti 1:13,14
(6) A reference to the disloyalty of the churches in Asia, and a commendation of the constancy of Onesiphorus
2Ti 1:15-18
PART II. Chiefly Counsels to the Young Servant of the Lord.
Ch. 2.
(1) As a Spiritual Soldier, Athlete and Husbandman.
(a) To be strong in divine grace and select faithful helpers
2Ti 2:1,2
(b) To manifest soldierly qualities of endurance and separation from worldly entanglements
2Ti 2:3,4
(c) As a spiritual athlete to keep the rules of the game
2Ti 2:5
(d) As a husbandman expecting fruits
2Ti 2:6
(2) Truths to be kept in mind:
(a) The resurrection of Christ, the preaching of which had led to Paul's imprisonment
2Ti 2:7-9
(b) Suffering for the church, and dying with Christ, lead to eternal life and spiritual honour
2Ti 2:9-12
(3) Counsels in respect to dealing with heresy and religious controversy.
(a) By earnest admonitions to the contentious
2Ti 2:14
(b) By seeking to become a skillful expositor of the truth
2Ti 2:15
(c) By shunning religious vagaries and strange doctrines which eat into spiritual life and overthrow faith
2Ti 2:16-18
(d) By remembering the strength of divine foundations and that Christians must separate themselves from evil
2Ti 2:19
(e) By remembering that the church, like a great house, has some vessels of honour and some of dishonour, and it should be the ambition of all to be vessels "meet for the Master's use"
2Ti 2:20,21
(4) Counsels respecting personal desires and dealing with strife.
(a) The importance of personal purity and spiritual ambitions
2Ti 2:22
(b) The necessity of avoiding foolish questions and strife, by patient treatment of opposers, with the hope that they will repent
2Ti 2:23-26
PART III. Chiefly Predictions of Apostasy, and Social Corruption, coupled with an exhortation to steadfastness.
Ch. 3.
(1) The various evil characteristics of men in the last days, who under the guise of religion will practice
sensuality
2Ti 3:1-6
Their stupidity and folly will one day be manifest to all men
2Ti 3:7-9
(2) Parenthesis, references to persecution
2Ti 3:11,12
(3) A prediction of the rising tide of sin
2Ti 3:13
(4) An appeal to Timothy to be steadfast in view of his spiritual opportunities and early training in the Scriptures
2Ti 3:14,15
(5) The power of the inspired Word of God to equip and perfect the Christian worker for his task
2Ti 3:16,17
PART IV. A Solemn Charge, a Victorious End, a Sad Desertion, a Pathetic Appeal, a Perfect Confidence.
Ch. 4.
(1) The Solemn Charge:
(a) Concerning faithfulness in delivering the message
2Ti 4:1,2
(b) Predictions of a time when men would despise the truth, and seek teachers who would pander to their own lusts
2Ti 4:3,4
(c) The exhortation to an earnest and faithful ministry
2Ti 4:5
(2) The close of Paul's Career.
(a) It ends in the spirit of victory
2Ti 4:6-8
(b) In perfect confidence in the Lord
2Ti 4:17,18
(3) The Need of Companionship, and some things to relieve the hardships of imprisonment
(a) The loneliness caused by the departure of friends and the desertion of inconstant associates
2Ti 4:10-12,16
(b) Some comforts needed to cheer the prison life
2Ti 4:13
(c) Timothy urged to come quickly
2Ti 4:9,21
(d) Final greetings and benediction
2Ti 4:19-22
(Outline from Thompson’s Chain Reference Bible)