Mike Royden's Local History Pages

NB. For the purpose of this publication I have concentrated on only the key developments at Brownlow Hill which could not be ignored within the local context, as a more particular study of the Liverpool Workhouse by David King was covered at the conference and in the journal.

1. Act of Parl. 43 Eliz.I, c.2.

2. Childwall, Much and Little Woolton, Wavertree, Allerton, Garston , Speke, Halewood, Hale.

3. Act of Parl. 13 & 14 Charles II, c.12 s.21.

4. Liverpool G. Chandler (1957) Batsford. p. 382. (from Liverpool Town Books 17^th Nov.1648)

One of the first captains to take emigrant servants was Bryan Blundell who was so moved by their plight that he founded the Bluecoat – the first charity school in Liverpool.

5. ibid. (from Liverpool Town Books Feb 1656)

6. Act of Parl. 9 George I, c.7,s.4.

7. Liverpool Vestry Books 11^th April 1732, fo.102v.

8. Oxley,G.W., 'The Permanent Poor in South West Lancashire under the Old Poor Law' Liverpool and Merseyside ed. Harris, J.R., (pp.16-49), Frank Cass, London (1969) p.48.

Oxley,G.W., 'The Administration of the Poor Law in the West Derby Hundred of Lancashire 1601-1837', M.A. Thesis, Univ. of Liverpool, (1966) pp.425-427.

9. Royden, M.W. 'The People's Hospital - A History of Mill Road' (1993) Liverpool, p.2,3.

(map and illustration).

10. Oxley, op.cit.,Thesis.pp.425-427.

11. Hollinshead,J.E. Halewood Township: A Community in the Early Eighteenth Century' T.H.S.L.C. vol.130. (1981) pp.32-34.

12. 22 George III, c.83.

13. Oxley, 'Permanent Poor', op.cit. p.30.

14. 4 & 5 William IV, c.76.

15. Midwinter, E.C. 'Liverpool and the New Poor Law' in Old Liverpool, Devon, David & Charles (1971). p.74.

16. A misnomer - Liverpool 'Union' was the only union in the country to consist of one parish only - the largest Poor Law unit in the land - by now with 223,000 inhabitants.

17. Midwinter, op.cit. p.80.

18. 'An Act for the Administration of the Laws relating to the Poor in the Parish of Liverpool, 10 June 1842.

19. The parishes were: West Derby, Bootle cum Linacre, Everton, Fazakerley, Kirby, Kirkdale, Walton on the Hill, Aintree, Great Crosby, Little Crosby, Ince Blundell, Litherland, Lunt, Netherton, Orrell and Ford, Sefton, Thornton, Toxteth Park, Childwall, Allerton, Garston, Wavertree, Croxteth Park.

20. 'Orders of the Poor Law Commissioners' (1837-1848), Township of Toxteth Park Board of Guardians Archives. Liverpool Record Office.

21. Date of completion given as 1844 by such writers as Picton, J.A. (Memorials, vol III 875 p.424) is incorrect. A contemporary account gives the date as 1841 - Smith,T. 'Results of the Central Administration of the Poor Laws -Exhibited in some of its workings in the West Derby Union. but especiallv illustrated by its operation in the parochial affairs of the extensive Townshir of West Derby (1848)' specifically states the completion as by the summer of 1841. Thomas Smith was a member of the W.D.U. Board of Guardians and a retired Overseer of the Township.

22. Smith, ibid. This is a scathing 76 page attack on the shortcomings of the 1834 Act especially regarding the inadequate accounting procedures of the clerks of the New West Derby Union, and Mr Dolling the Overseer, in particular. was accused of the misappropriation of funds.

23. The Commissioners were replaced by the Poor Law Board in 1847, who in turn were superseded by the Local Government Board in 1871.

24. WDU Min. Vol 1, Dec 26th 1849 Liverpool Record Office. (Hereafter WDU Min.)

25. Rev John Jones, (congregational minister, Kirkdale) 'The Slain in Liverpool during 1864 by Drink (including Social. Medical and Criminal Statistics of Drunkenness)' reprinted from Liverpool Mercury (1865). Reverend Jones produced annual reports on the plight of the poor of Liverpool until his death.

26. Bickerton, T.H., 'A Medical Historv of Liverpool'. Liverpool, (1936) p.209

27. WDU min Vol 7, 16th Sep 1863. Other wages paid by the Guardians at this time were; Master of the Workhouse £120-I 80 p.a., Matron £40 p.a. plus rations, and School Mistress £30 p.a.

28. Bickerton op.cit p.210

29. He was not paid for unsuccessful vaccinations.

30. WDU Min. Vol 2, various; 28th Sep 1853 - 13th Sep 1854.

31. WDU Min. Vol 7,20th Aug 1862.

32. ibid.

33. Many Boards of Guardians would expect doctors to provide their own drugs.

34. Liverpool Daily Post, April 1st 1868 (referring to Nov.1867 report)

35. Liverpool Daily Post, April 16th 1868

36. WDU Min. Vol. 9,25 Jan 1871

37. ibid. 1 Feb 1871

38. WDU Min. Vol.18, 30 Apr 1884.

39. WDU Min. Vol. 10, 17 Jan 1872.

40. The Lower Hospital was destroyed in the Blitz of 1941.

41. Liverpool Daily Post, 23 March 1893

42. Liverpool Review, 9 Feb 1889, (Mr.Holding was the Master of the West Derby Union new Fazakerley Cottage Home for workhouse children).

43. 'The Sixpenny Doctor by a Town Parson', Liverpool Daily Post, 27th Dec 1909.