LOCAL - NATIONAL - INTERNATIONAL
RISK ASSESSMENTS, HAZOP - FMEA- ETA- HRA STUDIES, 5s, HEALTH SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM- FORMULATION- INTEGRATION- DOCUMENTATION- SUPPORT, AUDITS, EDUCATION AND TRAINING, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT, CONTROL FORMULATION, LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION TESTING AND EXAMINATION
SOME DEFINTIONS
ACCIDENT is used to denote an INCIDENT which has caused damage to a person but in common use "ACCIDENT" has connotations of "bad luck" and should be avoided.
Common Mode Failure Common mode failure is a topic of considerable interest in reliability and safety analyses. Common mode failures are often discussed in terms of examples: two systems fail simultaneously due to an external event such as an earthquake; two components in redundant channels fail because of a common manufacturing defect; two systems fail because a component common to both fails; the failure of one system increases the stress on other systems and they fail.
The common thread running through these is dependence of some sort--statistical or physical--among multiple failure events. However, the nature of the dependence is not the same in all these examples.
Continuity Planning The advance planning and preparations that are necessary to identify the impact of potential losses; to formulate and implement viable recovery strategies; to develop recovery plan(s) which ensure continuity of organisational services in the event of an E/I/C; and to deliver a comprehensive training, testing and maintenance programme.
Continuity Plan A clearly defined and documented plan for use at the time of a Business Continuity Emergency, Event, Incident and/or Crisis (E/I/C). Typically a plan will cover all the key personnel, resources, services and actions required to manage the BCM process.
Emergency An actual or impending situation that may cause injury, loss of life, destruction of property or cause the interference, loss or disruption of an organisation's normal business operations to such an extent that it poses a threat
HAZARD
Anything that has the potential to cause harm to people, plant, reputation, product or the environment.
Holistic = "top-down":
In contrast, a holistic investigation examines the behaviour and properties of the intact system, e.g. as an organisation. Such an approach recognises the importance of the interactions between system components as well as their individual properties; it also recognises that the properties and actions of a component may be very different in the "environment" of the integrated system than when they are studied in isolation. The system is more than just the sum of its parts; it has emergent properties, which are only manifested when the intact system is operating as a whole entity.
It is, however, the case that by devising appropriate observations and study approaches, that the behaviour of the system, e.g. under different circumstances, can yield data permitting inferences to be drawn about the behaviour of some of its components.
INCIDENT
An event or chain of events which cause or could have caused injury, illness and or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties.
Reductionist = "bottom-up":
This approach often is to concentrate on parts of systems and describe their properties and thus what they contribute to the overall functioning of the system. Unfortunately, if such investigations are done in isolation from the rest of the system, the behaviour of the studied component may be different from when it is interacting with the others. The interactions between the components are equally important and should not be overlooked when taking a reductionist approach.
Risk may be considered as the potential for adverse effects resulting from an activity or event
§ Two dimensions of Risk
The probability of not achieving control
and
The impact of not achieving control
Risk = Likelihood of failure and Severity of failure
Systematic is the general adjective describing anything "characterized by or consisting of a system": They made a systematic effort to destroy his reputation.
Systemic refers accurately only to "physiological systems": A systemic infection may affect any or all parts of, say, the cardiovascular system.
Systemic is also used figuratively, usually applied to organizations or institutions: The ills of the company are systemic. The related adverbs are respectively systematically and systemically.
