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EXAMINATION
Risk Phrases
Chemical data sheets available
in many countries now contain codes for certain "risk
phrases", shown as R23, R45 etc. These risk phrase codes
have the following meanings:
- R1 Explosive when
dry.
- R2 Risk of
explosion by shock, friction, fire or other
source of ignition.
- R3 Extreme risk of
explosion by shock, friction, fire or other
sources of ignition.
- R4 Forms very
sensitive explosive metallic compounds.
- R5 Heating may
cause an explosion.
- R6 Explosive with
or without contact with air.
- R7 May cause fire.
- R8 Contact with
combustible material may cause fire.
- R9 Explosive when
mixed with combustible material.
- R10 Flammable.
- R11 Highly
flammable.
- R12 Extremely
flammable.
- R13 Extremely
flammable liquefied gas
- R14 Reacts
violently with water.
- R15 Contact with
water liberates extremely flammable gases.
- R16 Explosive when
mixed with oxidizing substances.
- R17 Spontaneously
flammable in air.
- R18 In use, may
form inflammable/explosive vapour-air mixture.
- R19 May form
explosive peroxides.
- R20 Harmful by
inhalation.
- R21 Harmful in
contact with skin.
- R22 Harmful if
swallowed.
- R23 Toxic by
inhalation.
- R24 Toxic in
contact with skin.
- R25 Toxic if
swallowed.
- R26 Very toxic by
inhalation.
- R27 Very toxic in
contact with skin.
- R28 Very toxic if
swallowed.
- R29 Contact with
water liberates toxic gas.
- R30 Can become
highly flammable in use.
- R31 Contact with
acids liberates toxic gas.
- R32 Contact with
acid liberates very toxic gas.
- R33 Danger of
cumulative effects.
- R34 Causes burns.
- R35 Causes severe
burns.
- R36 Irritating to
eyes.
- R37 Irritating to
respiratory system.
- R38 Irritating to
skin.
- R39 Danger of very
serious irreversible effects.
- R40 Limited
evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
- R41 Risk of
serious damage to the eyes.
- R42 May cause
sensitization by inhalation.
- R43 May cause
sensitization by skin contact.
- R44 Risk of
explosion if heated under confinement.
- R45 May cause
cancer.
- R46 May cause
heritable genetic damage.
- R47 May cause
birth defects
- R48 Danger of
serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.
- R49 May cause
cancer by inhalation.
- R50 Very toxic to
aquatic organisms.
- R51 Toxic to
aquatic organisms.
- R52 Harmful to
aquatic organisms.
- R53 May cause
long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment.
- R54 Toxic to
flora.
- R55 Toxic to
fauna.
- R56 Toxic to soil
organisms.
- R57 Toxic to bees.
- R58 May cause
long-term adverse effects in the environment.
- R59 Dangerous to
the ozone layer.
- R60 May impair
fertility.
- R61 May cause harm
to the unborn child.
- R62 Risk of
impaired fertility.
- R63 Possible risk
of harm to the unborn child.
- R64 May cause harm
to breastfed babies.
- R65 Harmful: may
cause lung damage if swallowed.
- R66 Repeated
exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
- R67 Vapours may
cause drowsiness and dizziness.
- R68 Possible risk
of irreversible effects.
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