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www.paecon.net See list of supporters at bottom of page 797 signatories 4 January 2004 Released 14 June 2001 27 PhD-students at Cambridge University support the following open letter: Opening Up Economics: A Proposal By Cambridge Students As students at Cambridge University, we wish to encourage a debate on contemporary economics. We set out below what we take to be characteristic of today's economics, what we feel needs to be debated and why: As defined by its teaching and research practices, we believe that economics is monopolised by a single approach to the explanation and analysis of economic phenomena. At the heart of this approach lies a commitment to formal modes of reasoning that must be employed for research to be considered valid. The evidence for this is not hard to come by. The contents of the discipline's major journals, of its faculties and its courses all point in this direction. In our opinion, the general applicability of this formal approach to understanding economic phenomenon is disputable. This is the debate that needs to take place. When are these formal methods the best route to generating good explanations? What makes these methods useful and consequently, what are their limitations? What other methods could be used in economics? This debate needs to take place within economics and between economists, rather than on the fringe of the subject or outside of it all together. In particular we propose the following: 1.  That the foundations of the mainstream approach be     openly debated. This requires that the bad criticisms     be rejected just as firmly as the bad defences.     Students, teachers and researchers need to know     and acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of     the mainstream approach to economics. 2.  That competing approaches to understanding     economic phenomena be subjected to the same     degree of critical debate. Where these approaches     provide significant insights into economic life, they     should be taught and their research encouraged     within economics. At the moment this is not     happening. Competing approaches have little role in     economics as it stands simply because they do not     conform to the mainstream's view of what     constitutes economics. It should be clear that such     a situation is self-enforcing. This debate is important because in our view the status quo is harmful in at least four respects. Firstly, it is harmful to students who are taught the 'tools' of mainstream economics without learning their domain of applicability. The source and evolution of these ideas is ignored, as is the existence and status of competing theories. Secondly, it disadvantages a society that ought to be benefiting from what economists can tell us about the world. Economics is a social science with enormous potential for making a difference through its impact on policy debates. In its present form its effectiveness in this arena is limited by the uncritical application of mainstream methods. Thirdly, progress towards a deeper understanding of many important aspects of economic life is being held back. By restricting research done in economics to that based on one approach only, the development of competing research programs is seriously hampered or prevented altogether. Fourth and finally, in the current situation an economist who does not do economics in the prescribed way finds it very difficult to get recognition for her research. The dominance of the mainstream approach creates a social convention in the profession that only economic knowledge production that fits the mainstream approach can be good research, and therefore other modes of economic knowledge are all too easily dismissed as simply being poor, or as not being economics. Many economists therefore face a choice between using what they consider inappropriate methods to answer economic questions, or to adopt what they consider the best methods for the question at hand knowing that their work is unlikely to receive a hearing from economists. Let us conclude by emphasizing what we are certainly not proposing: we are not arguing against the mainstream approach per se, but against the fact that its dominance is taken for granted in the profession. We are not arguing against mainstream methods, but believe in a pluralism of methods and approaches justified by debate. Pluralism as a default implies that alternative economic work is not simply tolerated, but that the material and social conditions for its flourishing are met, to the same extent as is currently the case for mainstream economics. This is what we mean when we refer to an 'opening up' of economics. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The students who have written this proposal are asking for economic students and economists, wherever they are based, who wish to formally and publicly back their proposal to email them at pae_news@btinternet.com with the following: "I support the proposal of the Cambridge economics PhD students...signed" Please include university/position if you wish these to be noted. The website will be regularly updated with the full list of supporters. Other enquiries about the proposal are also welcome, to the same address. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following 797 people have signed the above proposal 4 January 2004 Aaron Pacitti, PhD economics student American University, USA Alfonso Salinas, Univ. of Cambridge, PhD Student, UK Dr. Andrew Trigg, The Open University, UK Andy A. Jobst,  Judge Institute, Cambridge University,  PhD Student, UK Asatar Bair,  Dept. of Economics, Univ. of Massachusetts, USA Bill Lucarelli, Lecturer in Economics, Univ. of Western Sydney, Australia Carlos Lopes,  Univ. of Cambridge,  PhD Student, UK Carlos Raul Gonzalez Carmen Diana Deere,  Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Professor of Economics, USA Charles K. Wilber,   Univ. of Notre Dame, Emeritus professor of Economics, USA Dr. Clive Lawson, University of Cambridge, UK David F. Ruccio, Dept. of Economics, Univ. of Notre Dame, USA David Fairris,  Dept. of Economics, Univ. of California, Riverside, USA Deirdre McCloskey, Uni. of Illinois at Chicago and Erasmusuniversiteit Rotterdam  Eugenia Perona, Univ. of Cambridge, PhD Student, Economics, UK Fadhel Kaboub,  Univ. of Missouri Kansas City,   Postgrad, USA Prof. Frederic S. Lee,  University of Missouri, USA Prof. Geoff Hodgson, University of Hertfordshire, UK Gigi Francisco, PhD Student, Miriam College, Philippines Gilles Raveaud, IDHE - Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques del'Economie, France Prof. Grazia Ietto-Gillies,  South Bank University, UK, Director Centre for International Business Studies, Professor of Applied Economics, UK Greg Fuzesi,  University College London,   Postgrad, UK Greg Zwirn, The Judge Institute, Cambridge University, PhD Student, UK Prof. Guillermo E. Gigliani,  Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Professor of Money, Credit and Banking, Argentina Gunnar Tómasson Ingrid Robeyns, Univ. of Cambridge, PhD Student, Economics, UK Prof. Jaime Ros, Univ. of Notre Dame, Professor of Economics, USA Prof. Jesper Jespersen,  Professor of Economics, Roskilde University, John Roche,  St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA Dr. Judith Mehta, Lecturer Economics, The Open University / Univ. of East Anglia, UK Kaveri Gill,  Cambridge University,  PhD Student, Economics, UK Prof. Kimberly Christensen, Econ. & Women’s Studies, State Univ. of New York, USA Leonidas Montes,  PHD Student, Economics, Univ. of Cambridge, UK Prof. Lourdes Beneria, University of Cornell, Economics, USA Marcus Graetsch, Postgrad María Teresa Ruiz-Tagle, Univ. of Cambridge,  PhD Student, UK Marjolein van der Veen, Visiting Instructor at Uni. Of Mass, Boston, USA Marta Bekerman,  University of Bueno Aires, Professor of Economic Development, Argentina Matthew Brannan, Postgrad, Leicester University, UK Prof. Michael A. Meeropol,  Western New England College, Professor of Economics, USA Mike Biggs,  Univ. of Cambridge, PhD Student, Economics, UK Dr. Neil Buchanan,  Dept. of Economics, University of Michigan, USA Dr. Neil Costello,  Head of Economics, The Open University, UK Dr. Neva Goodwin, Co-director of Global Development and Environment Inst., Tufts Uni. USA Prof. Paul Davidson,  Univ. of Tennessee, USA Dr. Paul Downward,  Reader in Economics, Staffordshire University, UK Dr. Paulette Olson,  Wright State University Department of Economics, USA Phil Faulkner,  Univ. of Cambridge, PhD Student, Economics, UK Dr. Pritam Singh, Oxford Brookes University, Senior Lecturer in Economics, UK Rajani Kanth,  National Univ. of Singapore, Senior Fellow in Economics, Singapore Rev. Robert Williams James Cumes Sigrid Stagl Dr. Stephanie Bell,  Univ. of Missouri Kansas City, USA Prof. Stephen Cullenberg, Dept. of Economics, Univ. of California, USA Dr. Steve Keen,  Univ. of Western Sydney, Senior Lecturer Economics & Finance, Australia Ted Winslow,  York University, Canada Dr. Tony Lawson, Univ. of Cambridge, UK Brendan Sheehan, Leeds Metropolitan University,  Economics Scheme Leader, UK Prof. William Lazonick,  Univ. of Massachusetts Lowell / INSEAD, USA Tiina Vainio,  University of Art and Design Helsinki, Sweden Jessica Heynis, Uni. Of Cambridge, PhD Student, Economics, UK Ermanno Tortia, Faculty of Economics of Ferrara University, Italy Nuno Camacho, student, Universidade do Porto - Portugal Deborah Goldsmith, Faculty of Economics, City College of San Francisco, USA Dr. Sabri Oncu, SNT Consulting Group Paul Ormerod, UK Dr. Joseph Halevi, University of Sidney, Australia Dr. Irene van Staveren, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands Dr. Ailsa McKay, Division of Economics and Enterprise, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK Dr. Des Gasper, Associate Professor, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands Prof. Chris Tilly, Dept. of Regional Economic and Social Development, Uni. of Mass., USA Prof. Roy J. Rotheim, Chair of Economics, Skidmore College, USA Tiago Mata, graduate student in economics, Portugal Dr. Patrick Ainley, University of Greenwich, UK Julie A. Nelson, Harvard, USA Joonhee Chung, PhD student, University of Cambridge, UK Carla Quelhas, economics student, University of Oporto, Portugal Aine Ni Leime, PhD student, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Guillermo Paraje, economics student, University of Cambridge, UK Arslan Razmi, American University, USA. Victor D. Lippit, Professor of Economics, University of California, Riverside, USA Dr. Mario da Graca Moura, Faculty of Economics, University of Oporto, Portugal Dr Gary Slater, Dept. of Economics, University of Leeds, UK Alberto Valiente, Economics Student, Universidad Centroamericana, San Salvador Kanchana N. Ruwanpura, Ph.D student, University of Cambridge, UK Pedro Lopes, student, Faculty of Economics, University of Oporto, Portugal David Fasenfest, Director of Center for Urban Studies, Wayne State Uni., USA Brian Eggleston, Chair of Dept. of Economics, Augustana College, USA Reynold F. Nesiba, Assistant Professor of Economics, Augustana College, USA Peter E. Earl, (Ph.D. Cambridge) Dept. of Economics, Uni. of Queensland, Australia Prof. Fiona Maclachlan, Dept of Economics, Manhattan College, USA D.Narasimha Reddy, Professor of Economics, Uni. of Hyderabad, India Benjamin Balak, Professor of Economics, Washington & Lee University, USA Gennaro Zezza, Dipartimento di Teoria Economica, Universita' di Napoli, Italy Dr Gamal Ibrahim, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, UK John B. Davis, Professor of Economics, Marquette University, USA Dr. Luis Inostroza F., Profesor, UAM, Unidad Azcapotzalco, Mexico Rodney Shakespeare, author of Binary Economics, London, UK Matthew Brannan, Centre for Labour Market Studies, Uni. of Leicester, UK Gerald K. Helleiner, Professor Emeritus, Economics, University of Toronto, Canada William Waller, Professor of Economics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, USA Paolo Zanghieri, Economist, Abbey House, Oxford, UK Jan Otto Andersson, Head of Dept. of Econ. and Statistics, Åbo Akademi Uni., Finland Dr. Jose Castro Caldas, ISCTE, Portugal Bert Mosselmans, postdoctoral researcher at the University of Antwerp, Belgium Steven G. Medema, Professor of Economics, University of Colorado at Denver, USA Susan F. Feiner, Associate Professor of Economics, University of Southern Maine, USA Dr. Joshua C. Farley, Director of Institute for Ecological Economics, Uni. of Maryland, USA Michael Pierce McKeever, Sr., Econ. Instructor, Vista Community College, Berkeley, USA William Krehm, Editor  Economic Reform, Toronto, Canada Laurence Shute, Prof. of Economics, California State Polytechnic University, USA Richard Doringo, economics teacher Gary Dymski, Associate Professor, Dept. of Economics, Uni. of California, Riverside, USA Mayo C. Toruño, Professor of Economics, California State University, San Bernardino, USA Professor Laurie Nisonoff, Social Science Hampshire College, USA Marc R. Tool, Professor Emeritus of Economics, California State Uni. at Sacramento, USA Adam Szlachetka, Economics Student, Michigan State University, USA Elwil P. Beukes, Prof. of Economics, The King's University College, Edmonton, Canada Mathew Forstater, Assistant Prof. of Economics, University of Missouri at Kansas City, USA Spencer J. Pack, Professor of Economics, Connecticut College, USA Richard W. England, Professor of Economics, University of New Hampshire, USA Jacques Sapir, Professor of economics at EHESS, Paris, France Greg Linden, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, Berkeley, USA Jeff Gates, President Shared Capitalism Institute, USA Drucilla K. Barker, Hollins Univeristy, USA Philip A. Klein, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Penn State University, USA John Lodewijks Lee Corbett, Political Economy, honours candidate, University of Sydney, Australia Dr. C. R. McCann, Jr., Research Associate, Dept. of Economics, Uni. of Pittsburgh, USA Dr. Daniel M. Berman, California, USA Dr. John Nightingale, Senior Lecturer in Economics, University of New England, Australia. Mary Hedges, Lecturer in Economics, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Heinz D. Kurz, Austria Stephen Cullenberg, Prof. and Chair, Dept. of Economics, Uni. of California, Riverside, USA Milton D. Lower, Retired Senior Economist, US House of Representatives, USA Laurence S. Moss, editor of the American Journal of Economics and Sociology, USA Jack Amariglio, Professor of Economics, Merrimack College, USA Eric Glynn, Ph.D Candidate, Dept. of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA Morris Altman, Professor and Head, Dept. of Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Dr. Wolfgang Blaas, Austria Phil Street, Australia José Luís Cardoso, Department of Economics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal Vitor Neves, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Portugal Michael S. Lawlo, Professor of Economics, Wake Forest University, USA Dr. Steve Fleetwood, Dept of Behaviour in Organisations, Lancaster University, UK Bruce B. Roberts, Professor of Economics, University of Southern Maine, USA Claudio H. Dos Santos, PhD Student - New School for Social Reseach, USA Suzanne Bergeron, Assist. Prof., Dept. of Social Sciences, Uni. of Mich. at Dearborn, USA Marc Lavoie, Professor of Economics, University of Ottawa, Canada Alain Isaac, Free University of Brussels, Belgium Mario Gómez Olivares, ISEG/UTL, Portugal John Pozzi, Manager Global Resource Bank Firat Demir, Dept. of Economics, Univ. of Notre Dame, USA Guido De Marco, PhD Candidate in Economics, New School University, New York, USA Malcolm Rutherford, Department of Economics, University of Victoria, Canada Claudio Puty, Ph.D Student, New School for Social Research, New York, USA Richard D. Wolff, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA Mario Cassetti, Dipartimento di Scienze economiche, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy Lucy Webster, New School University, Economics Graduate Student, New York, USA Matías D. Scaglione, Historia del Pensamiento Econ. Uni. Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina Wynne Godley, Emeritus Professor of Applied Economics, Cambridge, UK Timothy J. Essenburg, Professor of Economics, Bethel College, USA Rob Garnett, Department of Economics, Texas Christian University, USA Roger Elletson, Grand Teton University, USA Robert Prasch, Department of Economics, Middlebury College, USA Prof. Warren Samuels, Michigan State University, USA Nuno Teles Sampaio, economics student at ISEG/UTL, Portugal Parzival Copes, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Simon Fraser University, Canada Cheng-Ping Cheng, Taiwan Wolfram Elsner, Institute for Institutional and Socio-economics, University of Bremen, Germany Tuba Akincilar Onmus, PhD candidate E.H.E.S.S, Paris, France Geoff Harcourt, Emeritus Reader in History of Economic Theory, Cambridge University, UK Fung-Yea Huang, University lecturer in economics, Taiwan Robert Delorme, Professor of Economics, University of Versailles, France James P. Henderson, Professor of Economics, Valparaiso University, USA Chris Tilly, Professor, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, USA Prof. Eleuterio F. S. Prado, Economics Department, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Marie Christine Duggan, Assistant Professor of Economics, Keene State College, USA Nicola Giocoli, Università di Pisa - Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Italy Daniel Benchimol, Economics Dept., Sarah Lawrence College, New York, USA Prof. Allan Schmid, Dept. of Agr. Economics, Michigan State University, USA Bruce Elmslie, University of New Hampshire, USA Nicola Giocoli, Università di Pisa - Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Italy Gianni Vaggi, Professor of Economics, University of Pavia, Italy Stanley Bober, Professor of Economics, USA Richard A. Kleer, Head Department of Economics, University of Regina, Canada Prof. Seyfettin Gürsel, Head of Dept. of Economics, Galatasaray University-Istanbul, Turkey Sasan Fayazmanesh, Ph.D. Dept. of Economics, California State University, Fresno, USA Julie C. L. Sun, Fellow at Taiwan Institute of Econ. Research, Cambridge PhD candidate, UK Bruno Jossa, Professor of Political Economy, University "Federico II" of Naples., Italy Andrea Maneschi, Economics Teacher, Vanderbilt University, USA Canon Peter Challen, Chair of The Christian Council for Monetary Justice, London, UK Prof. Robert Faulkner,  Dept. of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA Stephen Resnick, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA Iara Vigo de Lima Onate, Assistant Prof. of Economics, Federal Uni. of Parana – Brazil Stephen A Marglin, Walter S Barker Professor of Economics, Harvard University, USA Simon James, Reader in Economics, University of Exeter, UK Scot A. Stradley, Professor of Economics, Concordia College, USA David Andrews, Department of Economics, Hamilton College, USA Nitasha Kaul, PhD Candidate, University of Hull, UK Jacques Knight, ENS Ulm, France Suzanne Helburn, Professor Emerita, University of Colorado at Denver, USA Robert S. Spalding III, PhD student Economics/Statistics. Uni. of Missouri, Kansas City, USA Dr. Frank Wilkinson, Reader in Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, UK Ekkehart Schlicht, Prof. of Economics, Dept. of Economics, University of Munich, Germany Gladys Foster, USA Dr. Stefan Mann, Rostock Uni., Institute for Agr. Economics and Technology, Germany Giulia Garofalo,  student, University of Bologna, Italy Ron Martin, Professor of Economic Geography, University of Cambridge, UK Götz Uebe, Prof. of Economics and Statistics, Uni. of the Armed Forces Hamburg, Germany Paola Tubaro, PhD student, Université Paris X, France Willem Maas, Ph.D. candidate, Political Science, Yale University, USA Giulio Palermo, Researcher, University of Brescia, Italy François Eymard-Duvernay, Prof. of Economics, University Paris X Nanterre, France Pavlina R. Tcherneva, University of Missouri-Kansas City, USA Luiz Paulo Ferreira Nogueról, Prof. da Universidade Fed. do Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil Karen L Williams, USA Antonio Aguilera Ontiveros, Investigador Asociado, El Colegio de San Luis, Mexico Michael A. Bernstein, Prof. of History and Economics, Uni. of California, San Diego, USA Prof. Christopher J. Niggle, Department of Economics, University of Redlands, USA Eric Bruce Johnston, France Dean Baker, Co-Director of Center for Economic and Policy Research, Washington D.C. USA Humberto C. Rodarte, Prof. of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Nat. Uni. of Mexico Michalis Psalidopoulos, Greece D.C. Anderson, USA Dr. Tony Aspromourgos, School of Economics & Political Sci., Uni. of Sydney, Australia Dr. Jonathan Warner, Associate Professor of Economics, Dordt Cleege, USA John King, Reader in Economics, Dept. of Economics and Finance, La Trobe University, Canada Mark Ayre, Cranfield College of Aeronautics, UK Michael Kitson, University of Cambridge, UK Stephen Pratten, Lecturer in Economics, King's College London, UK Jochen Runde, Sr. Lect. in Economics, Judge Institute of Management, Uni. of Cambridge, UK Prof. Peter Hartmann Marco Novarese, fellow, Centre for Cognitive Economics, Uni. del Piemonte Orientale, Italy Robert Scott Gassler, Prof. of Economics, Vesalius Col., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium James Smith, USA Shelagh Huston, M.A. Econ E. Grace Wanamaker, USA Randall K. Rutsch, USA Frank Scott, College of Marin, USA Amy R. Hwang, Assistant Researcher, The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Dr. Alejandro Valle Baeza, Posgrado, Facultad de Economía, UNAM, Mexico Ha-Joon Chang, Faculty of Economics & Politics, University of Cambridge, UK Dr Brendan Burchell, Sr. Lect., Fac. of Social and Political Sciences, Uni. of Cambridge, UK Gerardo Fujii, Prof., Faculty of Economics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico Dr. Michael Wohlgemuth, Private Universität Witten/Herdecke, Germany Leonor Sopas, Faculdade de Economia e Gestão, Universidade Católica, Portuguesa, Portugal Nicolo' De Vecchi, Italy Fung-Yea Huang, Ass. Prof., Dept. of Cooperative Economics, National Taipei Uni., Taiwan Nirmal Kumar Chandra, Professor Emeritus, Indian Institute of Management, India Jörg Sommer, Centre for Social Policy Research, Germany Ludovic Frobert, CNRS/ Ecole Normale Supérieure Lyon, France Wan-wen Chu, Deputy Director ISSP, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Prof. David E. Ervin, Portland State University, USA Prof. Carsten Herrmann-Pillath, Chair, Macroeconomics and Institutional Change, Witten/Herdecke Uni., Germany Mary C. King, Asso. Professor and Chair, Economics Department, Portland State Uni., USA Sumitra Shah, Associate Professor, St. John's University, New York, NY,  USA George Petrakos, Asso. Professor of Spatial Economic Analysis, South and East European Development Center, Greece Richard Weston, PhD student, Nottingham Trent University, UK Leopoldo Rodriguez, Assistant. Professor of Economics, Portland State University, USA Mona Ahmad Ali, PhD student, New School for Social Research, New York, USA Richard Bond, Res. Fellow, Inst. for Develop. Policy & Management, Uni. of Manchester, UK Mike Aldana, USA Richard Kay, Senior Lecturer, Technology Innovation Centre, University of Central England, UK Dr. Mete Gundogan, Asso. Professor and Senior Advisor to the Turkish Parliament, Turkey Ariel Rosenblatt, Economics student, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Luis Enrique Urtubey De Césaris, Brazil Seok-Hyeon Kim, PhD. Student, University of Notre Dame, USA Meredith Weiss, Lecturer, Yale University, Department of Political Science, USA Colin Richardson, PhD Candidate, School of Economics, University of Tasmania, Australia Ken Palmerton, Director Institute for Rational Economics, UK Edythe S. Miller, USA Matthew Steen, PhD student, Faculty of Economics and Business, Uni. of Sydney, Australia Ellie Perkins, Canada Clemens Schotola, Johannes Kepler Universität, Austria Christian Svendsen, Student, Stockholm University, Sweden Pedro Reyes, Economist, Peru Margit Schratzenstaller, PhD Student, University of Giessen, Germany Mehdi Shirkosh, Political Economy Student, University of Western Sydney, Australia Kristen Powlick, Economics Student, Wells College, NY, USA Patricia Aoki, Buenos Aires, Argentina Daniel Hinze, PhD Student,  Dept. of Economics,  Johns Hopkins University, USA John R. Ewbank, USA Julia Panther, Open University Lecturer, UK Nathan Nunn, PhD candidate, Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Canada Kari Polanyi Levitt, Emeritus Professor, Dept. of Economics, McGill University, Canada Sue Horton, Professor of Economics, University of Toronto, Canada Marc Lavoie, Professor of Economics, University of Ottawa, Canada Louis Lefeber, Professor of Economics, York University, Toronto, Canada Marsha Carew, Selkirk College, B.C., Canada Michael Pilling, student, University of Toronto, Canada Marc-Antoine Fleury, Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Canada Martin A. Andresen, Simon Fraser University, Canada Andra Ghent, University of British Columbia, Canada Peter Alexander, Research Analyst, Ontario College of Teachers, Canada Emily Thomson, Research Student in Economics, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK Alex Millmow, Lecturer in Economics, Charles Sturt University, Australia Douglas Chalmers, Ph.D Student in Economics, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK Howard Stein, Professor of Economics, Roosevelt University, USA John Sender, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, UK Ross B. Emmett, Asso. Professor of Economics, Augustana University College, USA Jesus M. Zaratiegui, Dept. of Economics, University of Navarra, Spain Richard Day, Canada Dr. Marco Crocco, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Manfred Max-Neef, Prof. of Economics, Vice-Chancellor, Uni. Austral de Chile, Chile Peter Etherden, UK Fredrik Ribbing, student at Södertörns Högskola, Stockholm, Sweden Dennis Shaw, UK Jennifer Deveney, Executive Director, B. C. Council For International Cooperation, Canada Ozgur Orhangazi, Ph.D Candidate in Economics, Uni.of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA Alex Viskovatoff, Uni. of Pittsburgh, USA Revd. John Papworth, UK Susumu Egashira, Otaru University of Commerce, Japan Mario deSantis, Educator, Saskatchewan, Canada Kevin Neuman, Economics Ph.D. student University of Notre Dame, USA Peter Söderbaum, Prof. of ecological economics, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden John T. Harvey, Prof. of Economics, Dept. of Economics, Texas Christian Universty, USA Prof. Bruno S. Frey, Uni. of Zurich, Inst. for Empirical Economic Research, Switzerla Andrea Imperia, PhD student, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Italy Kurt W. Rothschild, Professor emeritus, University of Linz, Austria Clint Garrett, Australia Sharon Ede, Environment Protection Agency, Australia Peter MacPhillamy, Australia Ken Meek, South Africa Godfrey Dunkley, Past President of International Union for Land Value Taxation, South Africa Hugh Stretton, Fellow of Adelaide University and Balliol College, Oxford, Australia Agis Avtjoglou, Cape Town, South Africa. Sabine McNeill, UK Cecilia Green, Department of Sociology, University of Pittsburgh, USA Dr. Marjorie Jobson, Centre for Gender Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa David Harris, Department of Environmental Economics & Policy, Uni. California, Berkeley, USA Zunaid Moolla, Development Economist, South Africa Gerald Moskovitz, South Africa. Wladimir Andreff, Professor of Economics, University Paris 1 Sorbonne, France Dr. Shann Turnbull, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Dr. Aart Roukens de Lange, Director of S. A. New Economics Foundation, South Africa Dr. Jorge Garcia-Arias, Dept. of Economics, Univ. of Leon, Spain. Erik Angner, History and Philosophy of Science Dept, University of Pittsburgh, USA Rasigan Maharajh, PhD Candidate, University of Manchester, UK. Jacob Wallace, Dept. for Environment and Heritage, Australia Alec Bamford, CUSO, Thailand Dr. Veniamin Sikora, Prof. of Economics, National Academy of Management, Ukraine Rolf Schroeder, Germany Prof. Ramon Frediani, Economics Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina Sonia Roitter, Economics Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina Teresa Civallero, Economics Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina Prof. Ugo Pagano, University of Siena, Italy 350 names to here More Names