Karate is confusing enough, but what on earth is everybody saying? Since karate was originally developed in Okinawa, islands ruled by Japan, Japanese words and phrases are extensively used to specify particular moves and ideas. Some of the more common are introduced here. If someone uses a word or phrase you do not understand, politely ask for clarification. In this article, words that are hyperlinked like this are explained in the Glossary of Japanese Terms page. Using Japanese terms has a practical benefit - all karateka world-wide should be able to train together using the same basic vocabulary.

Karateka can be divided into two classes; Kyu grade and Dan grade. Kyu grades are beginners and can be identified by non black-belts. There are nine types of kyu grades, each with their own colour of belt. 9th kyu are absolute beginners, whilst 1st kyus are approaching black-belt standard. Dan belts are all black (though some might be so worn as to appear white!), and can be classed as serious students of karate. Dan grades go from1st Dan to 10th Dan, although, in practise, 6th Dan and above are quite rare.

Kihon is the basic training that underpins all of karate. It can be readily identified in class by emphasis on correct technique, proper stances and attention to detail. Generally it is performed in rows facing the instructor.

Kata is a pre-arranged sequence of moves which can be used to practise particular techniques. In kata, the karateka is defending himself/herself against imaginary foes. Each kyu grade is assigned a kata to learn for their grading examination.

Kihon-ippon Kumite is literally "basic one-step sparring". Students use this as a stepping stone to full sparring. Two students face each other; one is the attacker, one the defender. The attacker uses a pre-arranged offensive technique (e.g. punch, kick) and the defender responds with a suitable block and counter. Basic sparring is used to develop distance and timing skills.

Kumite literally "sparring". This is the controlled form of fighting used in competition karate. Each participant can use any legal attack or defensive maneouvres. Not all the techniques are allowed since many are deadly and can cause severe damage if applied.