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ljqmd ;Djt tyf sfn u)Fgf - 1
- sdn g= /f}lgof/ -*f=_
dfgj Oltxf;df s"g} klg ce'tk'j{ P]ltxfl;s #^gfnfO{ c+lst ug{ ;do jf sfn u)fgfsf] s"g} k|yf cyjf k|)ffnLsf] cfjZostf x"G% . o;} cfjZostfsf] kl/)ffd :j?k ;+;f/sf ljleGg ;Eotfx?df ljleGg sfn-u)fgf Joj:yfsf] k|fb"ef{j eof] . w]/} h;f] d"n"sx?df of] k|yfsf] cf/De s"g} c;fwf/)f JolQmsf] hGdlbgaf^ z"ef/De u/Lof] . o; cg"?k af}$ ;DjT;/\ -2542_ uf}td a"$sf] hGdlbg b]lv -544 BC - Before Christian_ ljqmd ;Dat -xfn 2055_ ;d|f^ ljqmdflbTosf] hGdb]lv -57 BC_, O;jLo ;g\ -1998 AD - Anno Domini_, zflnjfxgLo zfs] ;Djt\ -1920_, dxf/fh zflnjfxgsf] hGdb]lv -58 AD_, O{;f d;Lxsf] hGd b]lv -BC-0-AD_ tyf O:nfdL sfn u)fgf -1419 AD_ k}uDa/ df]xDdbsf] hGdlbg b]lv -579 AD_ z"? u/Lof] . oL ;a} ;Djt\ k|)ffnL ;+;f/df clxn] k|rlnt %g\ .
ljqmd ;DjtM ljqmd ;Djt\sf] cf/De pHh}gsf ljVoft\ ;d|f^ rGb|u"Kt ljqmdflb|Tosf] zf;g sfnb]lv rlncfPsf] % . ;d|f^ ljqmdflbTosf] hGd 57 jif{ O{;f k'j{ -BC_ ePsf] lyof] h;sf/)f clxn] ljqmd ;Djt\ 2055 sf] z"ef/De eof] - o; ;"vb cj;/df ;j} kf&sju{x?df n]vssf] tkm{af^ gjjif{sf] d+undo z"esfdgf !
;Djt\ z"? ug]{ k|yfsf] Oltxf;sf] Ps csf]{ kxn" klg % hf] ls clt #tnfUbf] % . s"g}klg gof¤ ;Djt;/sf] z"?jft ug"{sf] tfTko{ of] xf] ls dfgj Oltxf;sf] k"/fgf] u)fgf d]^]/ sfn u)fgfsf] gof¤ kGgf cyf{t\ z"Go #l* -'0'-hour_ sf] >L u)f]z ug"{ . t/ o;f] ug{sf] of}^f cfjZostf of] xf] ls ;a} k"/fgf lx;fa-lstfa, alx-vftf OToflbsf] ;dflKt ug"{ . k|rlnt hg>"ltsf] cg";f/ ;d|f^ ljqmdflbTon] cfkm\gf] k|hfsf] h; h;sf] h] hlt n]g-b]g/C)f/Aofh cflb lyof] tL ;a}sf] l%gf-kmfgL / r"Stf u/]/ gof¤ ;Djt\;/sf] cf/De u/]sf lyP . o; p;n] klg ;d|f^ ljqmdflbTo cfkm\gf] k|hfsf] clt lk|o, k|hf-jT;n ;d|f^ eP . pgL cfkm\gf] Gofo-lk|otf tyf k||hf k|ltsf] pQ/bfloTjsf] nflu cToGt k|l;$ lyP . pgsf] Gofo-lk|otf ;f/f /fHodf olt k|l;$ eof] ls o;sf] k|efj pgsf] alQ; k"tnLo"Qm ljVoft l;+xf;gdf ;d]t k/]sf] af/] w]/} ls+jblGtx? cem} klg ;"Gg kfOG% . of] klg elgG% ls ;+:s[tdf ljVoft\ dxfslj sflnbf; h;n] 'cle!fg zfs"Gtnd\'= 'd]#b't', '/#"j+z'= h:tf cd/ sfJosf] /rgf u/]sf lyP - ;d|f^ ljqmdflbTosf] b/jf/sf] gf} /Tg dWo] Ps lyP .
oxf¤ of] pNn]v ug"{ k|f;+lus xf]nf ls g]kfn tyf ef/tdf hxf¤ ljqmd ;Djt\sf] k|rng %, Toxf¤ csf]{ rfGb|-k¬~rf+usf] -lunar calendar_ klg lgs} k|of]u x"G% . jf:tjdf ds/ ;+qmflGt afx]s ;Dk')f{tof lxGb" kj{x? o; rfGb| -k~rf+udf cfwfl/t %g\ . oL b"j}df cGt/ of] % ls ljqmd ;Djt ;f}o{-k~rf+u -solar calendar_ cyf{t\ k[YjLsf] ;'o{sf] jl/kl/sf] kl/qmdfsf] u)fgfdf cfwfl/t % hals rfGb|-k~rf+u h;nfO{ xfdL 'ltly - ldlt' klg eGb%f}+ . rGb|dfsf] k[YjLsf] jl/kl/ kl/qmdf ug{df nfUg] calw / rGb|-snfdf cfwfl/t % . o; kl%Nnf] k|)ffnLdf k|To]s dlxgf cfdfj:of -new moon_ b]lv z"? eP/ k')f{rGb| cyf{t\ k'l)f{df -full moon_ x"¤b} cfufdL cfdfj:of ;Dd s/La 29 lbgsf] x"G% . k|To]s dlxgf b"O{ kIfdf -fortnight_ ljeflht x"G% h;nfO{ qmdzM z"Sn kIf -bright night_ cyjf ;"bL tyf s[i)f kIf -dark night_ cyjf jbL eGb%g\ . cfdfj:of b]lv k'l)f{df;Ddsf] rGb|snfnfO{ hals rGb|dfsf] pHjntf a(b} hfG% z"Sn kIf elgG% tyf k'l)f{dfb]lv csf]{ cdfj:of ;Ddsf] rGb|snfnfO{ hals rGb|df #^b} hfG%, s[i)f kIf elgG% . dlxgfdf 29 lbg ePsf] x"gfn] rfGb| k~rf+usf] aif{df 365 df 12 lbgsf] sdL x"G% . o; p;n] 30 dlxgf cyf{t 2 1/2 jif{ kl% jif{df Ps dlxgf ylkg hfG% h;nfO{ 'clws' dlxgf eGb%g\ / h"g dlxgf kl% of] dlxgf kb{% o;nfO{ Tolx dlxgfsf] gfd lbOG% . cGo 12 dlxgfx? b"j} k~rf+udf j}zfv, Ho]i&, cfiff(, >fj)f, efb|, cflZjg, sflt{s, dfu{, kf}if, df#, kmfu"g / r}q x"g\ . j}zfv dlxgf dWo] April b]lv dWo May, h]i& dWo May b]lv dWo June OToflbdf kb{% . k|To]s b"O{ dlxgfsf] Ps Ct" -season_ x"G% h;cg";f/ jif{df lgDglnlvt 6 Ct"x? x"G%g\M
j;Gt -Spring_ r}q
j}zfv mid March - mid May
u|Lid -Summer_
Ho]i& cfiff( mid May - mid July
jiff{ -Rainy_
>fj)f efb| mid July - mid
September
z/b -Autumn_
cflZjg sflt{s mid September - mid
November
x]dGt -Dew Season_
dfu{ kf}if mid November - mid
January
lzlz/ -Winter_ df#
kmfu"g mid January - mid March
lzlz/ Ct"nfO{ 'dLg-krf;' klg elgG% h:sf] cy{ of] xf] ls hf*f] ofdsf] oL krf; lbg;Dd df%fx?n] klg hf*f] dx;"; ub{%g .
oxf¤ xfd|f] k'jL{o / kfZrfTo k|)ffnLdf Ct" u)fgfdf cGt/ b]vf k%{ . o'/f]kLo d"n"sx?df jif{df 4 Ct" ePsf] dflgG%M j;Gt, u[id, z/b tyf lzlz/ . o;sf] sf/)f of] xf] ls w]/}h;f] PlzofO{ d"n"sx? e'dWo /]vf -equator_ sf] jl/kl/ /x]sf x"gfn] Toxf¤ Ct" kl/jt{g l%^f] l%^f] x"G% hals o'/f]k]nL d"n"sx? ck]Iffto e'dWo /]vfaf^ k/ /x]sf x"gfn] df};d kl/jt{g cln l(nf] x"G% . t;y{ oL d"n"sx?df Ct" 4 j^fdfq ePsf] dflgPsf] % . o;sf] r/d pbfx/)f pQ/ tyf blIf)f w|"jsf] lng ;lsG% hxf¤ ls afx|} dlxgf hf*} -winter_ x"G% . csf]{ km/s of] % ls ;Djt\ k|)ffnLdf xKtfsf] klxnf] sfdug]{ lbg /ljjf/ xf] hf] ls w]/} h;f] kf&sju{x?nfO{ ljlbt} xf]nf hals klZrdL d"n"sx?df of] lbg ;f]djf/sf] lbg xf] .
o;} ;Gbe{df of] hfGg" klg #tnfUbf] xf]nf ls klZrdL ;+;f/df 1 hgj/LnfO{ gj jif{sf] cf/De dfGg] k|yf w]/} k"/fgf] xf]Og . o'/f]ksf w]/}h;f] d"n"sx?df 25 dfr{nfO{ jif{sf] k|yd lbg -Annunciation Day_ dflgGYof] h"gls xfd|f] k|)ffnLs} ;dfg lyof] . o; k|)ffnL cg";f/ lb;Da/ bzf}+ dlxgf lyof] tyf hgj/L / km/j/L qmdzM P#f/f}+ / afx|f}+ dlxgf lyP . To;}sf/)f ;]K^]Da/, cS^"j/, gf]e]Da/, lb;Da/ dlxgf 7,8,9,10 ;+Vofaf^ ag]sf] efiff-lj!fghgs -etymological_ k|df)fsf] pkl:ylt :ki^ % . ;g\ 1582 O:jLdf Ps Gregory gfds kf]kn] -Pope_ o; k|)ffnLdf kl/jt{g u/]/ 1 hgj/LnfO{ gj jif{sf] k|yd lbg #f]lift u/] . o;} sf/)fn] cfw"lgs kfZrfTo ;Djt\ k|)ffnLnfO{ Gregorian Calendar elgG% . ;+o"Qm clw/fHon] ;g\ 1752 b]lv dfq of] k|yfsf] cg"s/)f u/\of] . To; cl# a]nfotdf 25 lb;Da/nfO{ gj jif{sf] klxnf] lbg &flgGYof] . t/ clxn] ;f/f O{;fO{ hutdf tyf cGt/fli^«o ;d"bfodf ljz]if u/]/ jfl)fHo tyf a}+ls+u hutdf 1 hgj/LnfO{ gof¤ aif{sf] klxnf] lbg dfGg" ;j{dfGo eO{;s]sf] % .
-qmdzM_
