ut c+sdf klg olx lzif{s cGtu{t s]xL rrf{ u/\of}+ . o; n]vsf] dtnj lxGbL efiff gl;Sg" eGg] rflx+ vf]lhPsf] x}g . efiff l;Sg" g/fd|f] xf]Og . ax"eflifs JolQm k|ltefjfg x"G% . p;sf] lgs} sb/ x"G% . ax"eflifs JolQmTjx? b]zsf s)f{wf/ Pj+ uxgf x"g . To;df klg g]kfn / ef/tsf] clt k|flrg wd{, ;+:s[tL, snf, e]ife'iff, /xg ;xg cflbsf] Ps?ktf nufot efOrf/fsf] ;DaGw nufot P]ltxfl;s sfn b]lv g} g]kfndf ljBfnox?sf] cefj ePsf x"gfn] ef/tsf zx/x? g} ljBf cfh{g ug]{ ynf]] x"GYof] hf] ls cBflk sfod} /x]sf] % .

2039 ;fnlt/ d la/f^gu/sf] sn]hdf cfO{ P:;L, lj!fgsf] ljBfyL{ ePsf] x"gfn] g]kfnL sIffdf u"? g/]Gb| rfkfufO{nfO{ ;f]w]sf] lyP, æ;/, ;fOG; k(g] laBfyL{nfO{ of] g]kfnL efiff lsg k(fOG% <Æ eg]/ . pxf¤n] o;af/]df lgs} nfdf] AoVof ug"{ ePsf] lyof] . pxf¤sf] egfO{ lyof]M æg]kfnL efiffsf] cWoogn] ubf{ tkfO{x? ef]nL uP/ h"g;"s} If]qdf nfu]klg tkfO{x?n] k(]sf lab]zL efiffsf kf&\o ;fdfu|Lx? cfkm\gf] /fli^«o efiffdf kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg" eof] eg] slt uf}/jsf] s"/f x"g]% . b]z ta wgL, ljsl;t ePsf] eg]/ ;Demg" kg]{% ha ls To; b]zdf ;Dk')f{ kf&\oqmdx? cfkm\gf] /fli^«o efiffdf x"g]%g . === .Æ

cfkm\gf] /fli^«o efiffdf ePsf kf&\o ;fdfu|L, k":ts, kq klqsfx? cGo efiffdf eGbf b]zsf a(L hg;d"bfon] k(g], tyf tL laifoa:t"x? nfO{ rf¤*} u|x)f ug{, l%^f] ;+:d/)f ug{ ;lsG% . lzIffsf ;a} If]qdf of] k')f{?kn] nfu" ug{ cyjf ;a} ls;Ldsf kf&\o k":tsx? g]kfnL efiffdf k|sflzt ug{ Aofaxfl/s sl&gfO{ kg"{ :jefljs klg xf] . t/ o:tf] /fli^«otfsf efjgfx? lnP/ ;s];Dd sbdx? rflnPdf cToGt /fd|f] x"g]lyof] .

xfn k|jf;df o; a]nfot dxfgu/Ldf a]nf a]nfdf ePsf g]kfnLx?sf] e]nf, ;df/f]x, ;f¤:s[lts sfo{qmdx?df efulng kfp¤bf a*f] dg cfgGb x"G% . t/ ha sfo{qmd z"?x"G%, g]kfnLx?sf] hd#^df 2, 4 hgf lab]zL kfx"gf b]v]/ Toxf¤ c+u|]hL efif)f %f¤^]sf] b]Vbf stf stf lk*f cg"ej x"G% . To:t} ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?df uLtsf] af]nx"G% æl#g l#g dfbn ahfOb\of} ===Æ, æ;f/éLsf] w"gn] ===Æ, æaf¤;"/Lsf] w"gdf, dfbnsf] tfndf=== Æ t/ Toxf¤ ahfOg] ;+uLtsf pks/)fx? eg] ælu^f/Æ, æ*«dÆ, æls jf]*{Æ dfq x"G%, Toxf¤ dfbn, ;f/éL, af¤;"/L, tjnf s]lx x"¤b}g . o;/L Ao:t zx/df cfkm\gf] Ao:ttfsf] afah"b km';{t lgsfn]/ o:tf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug"{ &'nf] s"/f xf], t/ To;} sfo{qmddf g]kfnL kg klg eO{lbPsf] eP emg slt /dfO{nf] x"GYof] xf]nf <

g]kfnL ;d"bfox?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;f¤:s[lts sfo{qmddf efulng cfPsf g]kfn;¤u kl/lrt ePsf ljb]zL kfx"gfx?, Toxf¤ k|:t"t ul/Psf sfo{qmdx? x]/kl%, pgLx? dgdg} cfk;df eGg] ub{%g, æs] olx xf] g]kfnL ;+:s[lt <Æ lsgeg] g]kfn;¤u glhs ePsf pgLx? g]kfnhf¤bf dfbn, ;f/+uL cflb dgk/]/ #/df /fv]sf klg x"G%g, Pp^f g]kfnsf] lrgf] eg]/ . t/ ljb]zdf g]kfnLx?n] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf g]kfnL df}lnstfsf] k|:t"tL gePsf] b]v]/ pgLx? %Ss kb{%g .

t/ o;sf] dtnj of] x]fOg ls lu^f/, lsjf]*{, jf *«d;]^ nufot cGo cfw"lgs ;+lutsf pks/)x? k|of]u gug"{ eg]/ . lsgeg] cfhsf] a}!flgs o'udf Psbd /fi^«jfbL s"/f u/]/ dfq /xg ;ls+b}g . t/ s]jn o:tf pks/)fx? k|of]u ul/Ptf klg s]xL df}lns g]kfnLkgsf] klg k|:t"tL ePdf ;"gdf ;"uGw x"g] lyof] . ;dfKt .

d]/f] gfd < s] % / To:t]f ;fy{stf d]/f] gfddf <

o; ljZjsf ;a}y/Lsf k|dbfx?df ltdL ;j{>]i& xf] . ltd|f] ?k ;f}Gbo{ clgB % .

rlst, cfz+lst / ls+lrt\ Jolyt :j/df k|då/fn] egL, Pp^L s"df/L sGofsf nflu tkfOsf] of] ;Daf]wg plrt xf]Og .

d cfkm\gL cfsf+lIft gf/LnfO{ g} lgdlGqt ub}{%" .

Ifdf ug"{xf]nf, dnfO{ tkfO{sf] cfsfIff af/] s]xL yfxf %}g .

d lt/ x]/ . d]/f oL d"Uw gogn] s] eGb}%g\ < cfpm, o; z"e If)fdf If)fk|)fosf] dxf]T;jåf/f of] hLjg wGo kf/f}+ .

If)f k|)fo < k|då/f ljd'( eO{ .

xf], If)f k|)fo . k|]d k|)fo Ifl)fs g} x"G% lsgeg] k|]d lgtfGt :jfy{ xf], Ifl)fs :jfy{ .

tkfO{ k|]dnfO{ :jfy{ eGg" x"G%, lgtfGt :jfy{ . o;k^s k|då/f ljd'(tf / cfz+sf b]lv d"Qm eP/ cfZro{ rlst eO{ .

d ltd|f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm cjZo lbG%" . t/ lzi^frf/jz cltlynfO{ leq;Dd klg af]nfp¤lbgf}+ <

cfpg"xf];, leq} kfNg"xf]; . dnfO{ klg tkfO{l;t s"/f ug{ dg nfUof], d'nåf/af^ k|då/f klG%O{ .

??n] df]^/afOs Psflt/ &*\ofP/ leq k|j]z u/] . k|då/fn] pgnfO{ ;f]kmfdf a;fP/ cltly ;Tsf/sf nflu lsr]glt/ nfuL . k|f]km];/ :y'ns]zsf] *«fO{ñ?ddf a;]sf ??n] ;fd"Gg]sf] leQfdf d]gsfsf] eJo kmf]^f] b]v] . gf/L lz/f]dl)f ;"ljVoft snfsf/ d]gsfnfO{ s;}n] glrGg] tf s"/} ePg .

Psl%gkl% dudu ;"jf; cfpg] skmLsf b"O{j^f a"§] dux?af]s]/ k|då/f cfOk"uL . ??sf] Wofg b[li^ cem} klg d]gsfs} eGo kmf]^f]lt/ lyof] . cl#lnlt/ /flvPsf] ;"jfl;t skmLsf] jf:tfgu/]/ ??n] ;f]w], oL ul/dfdo gf/L ltd|L dftf x"g <

xf] k|dlt k"q . log} d]/L k'Ho dftf>L x"g .

clg dxfldt k|f]km];/ :y'ns]z === .

x}g x}g . d]/f lktf>L x"g uGwj{ >]i& jefj;" . d :y'ns]zsL kflntf k"qL .

p;f] eP ltdL If)f k|)fosL ;Gtfg xf} . d";"d";" xf¤:t} ??n] eg] .

xf] d If)f k|)fosL ;Gtfg x"¤ . clg ckdflgt em} cg"ej ub}{ k|då/fn] cufl* egL, If)f k|)fosL ;Gtfg eg]/ tkfO{ dnfO{ ckdflgt lsg ub}{ x"g"x"G% < tkfO{sf] tfTko{ s] xf] <

k|då/fnfO{ b"Mv nfu]sf] cg"e'ltsf] ?? ;r]t eP . cfkm\gf] l:dt xf:onfO{ s"l)&t u/L eGg yfn], gl/;fpm, k|då/f . d Ifdf k|fyL{ %" . d]/f l:dt xf:osf sf/)f s] xf] eg] b"j}sf] hGd ;dfg kl/l:yldf ePsf] /x]% . cyf{t < em:s]/ k|då/f ??lt/ x]g{ yfnL

cyf{t, d klg If)f k|)fo s} ;Gtfg x"¤ . d]/L dftf>L x"g ?k u")f;DkGg gf/L>]i& #[tfrL .

k|då/f jfNn k/]/ x]g{ yfnL .

o;/L ljl:dt eP/ s] x]/]sL < s] If)f k|)fosf ;Gtfg ;"bz{g x"¤b}gg / <

clg lktf>L k|dlt ===

xf]Ogg . d pgsf] kflnt k"q x"¤ . j:t"tM k"?if k|wfg o; ;dfhdf kltTjsf] jr{:j hlt;"s} ePtfklg lktf eGg] JolQmsf] k|fdfl)fs !fg s;}nfO{ %}g, x"g klg ;Qm}g . k|fdfl)fs !fg t hGdbft[sf ?kdf dftfsf] dfq x"g ;S%, w/tL em}+ . lktf:j?k cfsfz t jfojLo xf] .

jfojLo xf] . t/ afbn / jiff{ geO{ w/tL s;/L pj{/ x"G%] < of] cfsfzs} b]g xf] .

x]fOg, k|då/f . afbn / jiff{ b"j}sf] sf/)f w/tL g} xf] . cyf{t lktf, lkt[Tj / klt dftf dft[Tj / kTgLs} sf/)f xf] . cem :ki^ eGg] xf] eg] k"?if gf/Ls} sf/)f xf] . w/tLsf] sf/)f?k afbnn] w/tLdf alif{g] cg"dlt kfpg" k%{ .

k|då/f skmL vf¤bf vf¤b} cl*O{ / cledfg sft/ :j/n] eGg yfnL, d}n] a"em], If)f k|)fosf+IfL k"?if If)fdf dfq af¤Wg] clenfifL x"¤b}% .

??n] k|då/fsf] lwSsf/ jf)fLnfO{ ;xh?kn] u|x)f ub}{ eg], jfojLo cfsfzsf] Ifl)fstfnfO{ ;fy{s / ;fsf/ w/tLn] g} kf%{ . ctM ;[li^sf] lr/Gtgtfsf] df]x k"gM k"gM ;fsf/ eP/ dfq} k')f{ x"G% .

k|då/f ;flek|fo r"k nfu]/ a;L .

??n] g} cufl* eg], *fln{ñ k|då/f . o; ;[li^df s"g} klg cfsf/ ?kljxLg %}g . j:t" geO{ ?k x"¤b}g eg] ?kxLg j:t" klg x"g ;St}g . s"g j:t"sf] ?k s;nfO{ dg k%{ of] dgk/fpg]sf] k'jf{u|x / :jfy{df e/kb{% . o;y{ d}n] ltdLnfO{ cfkm\g} ?k;DaGwL k'jf{u|xåf/f ck|ltd ;"Gb/L b]v]+. s] ltdLnfO{ klg d dgk/]sf] %" <

b"j}sf] skmL ;lsO;Sof lyof] . ctM k|of]hgxLg df}g k|då/fnfO{ plrt nfu]g . ?? k|Zg ub}{%g . ??sf] k|Zgsf] cfzo ca :ki^ % . t/ k|]dnfO{ kljq / ;j{:j &fGg] k|då/f nfO{ s]xL ;dok'j{s ??n] eg]sf] jfSo k|]d lgtfGt :jfy{ xf] emnSs ;Demgf cfof] . k|]d / :jfy{sf] ;DaGw a"em\gsf nflu t p;n] ??nfO{ cltly ;Tsf/sf] lgx"¤df *«FO{ñ?d;Dd NofPsL lyO{ .

tkfO{n] k|]dnfO{ lgtfGt :jfy{ xf] eGg" ePsf] lyof], ;f] s;/L < of] ??sf] k||Zgsf] hjfkm lyPg .

?? d";"Ss xf¤;] / eg] ltdLn] d]/f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbOgf}+, t/ d ltd|f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lb+b} %" . k|]d z/L/sf] wd{ xf] / Ifl)fs % . z/L/sf ;d:t r]i^ :jfy{do x"G%g, ctM Ifl)fs klg x"G%g . t/ cfTdLotf cfTdfsf] wd{ xf] / of] lr/Gtg x"G% .

k|då/f pTs[^ lh!f;fn] tsf]{GdQ x"¤b} h"?Ss p&]/ ?? a;]sf ;f]kmfdf pgL glhs} cfP/ a;L / ;f]Wg yfnL, p;f] eP tkfO{ If)f k|)fosf] sfdgf lsg ub}{ x"g"x"G% <

??n] ;:g]x k|då/fsf] sf]dn / slDkt xft cfkm\gf] xftdf ln+b} ;f]w], clxn] sltdf k(b}%\of} .

:gfts txdf . ??sf] :g]x :kz{n] k"nlst k|då/fn] cfkm\gf] xft cfkm'lt/ tfGg ;lsg .

x]/, ;"d"vL k|då/f . z/L/ wd{ x"gfn] k|]d Ifl)f xf], ctM d}n] o;nfO{ If)f k|)fo eg]sf] x"¤, h;df b"O{ z/L/n] cfcfkm\gf] :jfy{ k')f{ ub{%g . of] If)f k|)fo g} k/:k/ d}qLsf] k|f/lDes cfwf/ xf], / d}qLsf] lg/Gt/tf g} cflTdotfsf] cfwf/ xf] . ldqtf / cflTdotf g] laZjaGw"Tjsf] sf/s tTj xf] . k|]d, dfgjtf / ljZjaGw"Tjsf] cfwf/ x"g};Qm}g .

s] ZjfZjt k|]d, cyf{t lr/k|)fo ;Dej %}g / < k|då/fn]] cfkm\gf] xft lj:tf/f] ??sf] xftaf^ km"sfO{ .

k|)fosf] Ifl)fstfn] ubf{ lr/k|)fo ;Dej %}g . h;nfO{ ltdL lr/k|)fo eGb}%\of} Tof] k|rlnt ?(fy{df kl/)fo, cyf{t ljjfxf] . kl/)fosf] kl/)ffd cGttM j]Zofj[lQ / of}g ljs[ltx?df x"G% . cyf{t, cyf{t Toxf¤ :j]R%fsf] s"g} d'No x"¤b}g . ljz]iftM gf/Lsf nflu o; k"?if k|wfg ;dfhdf .

d Pp^f lhp¤bf]
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cfkm"nfO{ ;+lawfgn]
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cfkm}+ v"zL cYof{pg kfOg]
s;}sf] k]jf xf]Og ;+lawfg
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