wd{ / ;+:s[lt

ljqmd ;Djt\ tyf sfn u)fgf - 2

- sdn g= /f}lgof/ -*f=_, Dofgr]i^/

o; n]vsf] k'jf{w{df xfdLn] ;+;f/sf ljleGg ;Djt\ k|)ffnLsf] ljj]rgf uof}{+ tyf ljqmd ;Djt\sf] cf/De s;/L eof] o; ljifodf k|sfz xfNof}+ . ca o; pQ/fw{df ;[li^sf] cf/Ddb]lv clxn] ;Dd tyf eljiodf af¤ls /x]sf] sfnfjlwsf] n]vf hf]vfsf] af/]df j}lbs b[li^sf])f k|:t"t % . afNo sfndf a|x\dfsf] Ps lbg dfgjsf] xhf/f}+ nfvf}+ jif{ a/fa/ x"G% eGg] s"/f wfld{s k|jrgx?df wd{zf:qLx?sf] d"vaf^ ;"g]sf] lyP¤ . aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;aeGbf k|ltefjfg\ ef}lts zf:qL -Physicist_ cNa^{ cfOG:^fOg\sf] ;fk]Ifafb sf] l;$fGtn] -Theory of Relativity_ a}!flgsx?nfO{ o; s"/fsf] ;+efJotf tyf oyfy{tfsf] ghlbs NofPsf] % . cfZro{sf] s"/f] of] % ls xfd|f] a|x\df)*sf] sfnfjlw, ljleGg sfnfjlwsf] ljefhg tyf ltgLx?sf] cjlwsf] nDafO{sf] ;"lglZrt -exact_ aif{ - ;+Vof j]bdf :ki^ pNn]lvt % . cem al( cfZro{ t of] % ls oL ;+Vofx? cfw"lgs a}!flgs u)fgf;+u w]/} d]n vfG% .

a|x\df)*sf] ;[li^ -Creation of Universe_ M
lxGb'-bz{g cg";f/ ;[li^sf] k|f/De -Creation_ tyf ;+xf//ljno -annihilation_, of}^f rqmLo -Cyclic_ k|lqmof xf] . o; p;n] o; æsfn-rqmÆ sf] g cflb % g t cGTo -cgflb-cgGt_ . oBlk k|To]s ;[li^sf] sfnfjlw lglZrt % . o; sfn rqmsf] u)fgfsf] cfwf/ æsNkÆ xf] h; cjlw leq a|x\dfn] ;[li^sf] sfo{ k'/f ub{%g\ / of] a|xdfsf] Ps lbg a/fa/ x"G% . Ps sNkdf 1000 dxfo"ux? x"G%g\ / k|To]s dxfo"u rf/ o"u cyf{t\ rt"o"{uaf^ ag]sf] x"G% . k|To]s rt"o"{usf] sfnfjlw lgDg x"G% M

;Too"u = 17,28,000 -;q nfv c¶fO; xhf/_ jif{
q]tfo"u = 12,96,000 -afx| nfv %ofGgAa] xhf/{_ jif{
åfk/o"u = 8,64,000 -cf& nfv rf};¶L xhf/_ jif{
slno"u = 4,32,000 -rf/ nfv aQL; xhf/_ jif{
Ps dxfo"u = 43,20,000 -lqrfln; nfv aL;xhf/_ jif{

o;/L 1000 dxfo"u -rt"o"{u_ ldn]/ cyf{t\ rf/ c/a aQL; s/f]* -4,32,00,00,000_ jif{ ldn]/ a|x\dfsf] Ps lbg aGb% . of] of}^f ;[li^df nfUg] hDdf ;do sfn xf] . a|x\df)*sf] ;[li^ / la:tf/ ælx/)o-ue{Æ -Golden Womb = egg_ af^ x"G% . lx/)o-ue{af^ a|x\df)*sf] k|fb"ef{jnfO{ cfw"lgs j}!flgsx?n] laGb"-lj:kmf]^ -Big Bang_ sf] gfp¤ lbPsf %g\ . laGb"-lj:kmf]^ kl% a|x\df)*sf] lj:tf/ -expansion_ x"¤b} hfG% / of] Ps sNk;Dd hf/L /xG% . o;} u/L a|x\dfsf] Ps /ft klg Ps sNksf] cyf{t\ rf/ c/a aQL; s/f]* jif{sf] x"G% . o; cjlwdf ;[li^sf] ;+xf/ cyjf ljno -annihilation_ x"G% . ljno x"¤bf a|x\df)*sf] ;+s"rg -contraction_ z"? eP/ cGttf]uTjf lx/)o-ue{df ljnLg x"G% . a|x\df)*sf] of] k')f{ ljnonfO{ j}!flgsx?n] Big Crunch sf] ;+!f lbPsf %g\ . o; pk/fGt km]/L a|x\dfsf] csf]{ lbg z"? x"G% / ;[li^sf] km]/L lj:tf/ x"G% . o;/L b"O{ sNk ldn]/ a|x\dfsf] 1 lbg/ft -8 c/a 64 s/f]* jif{_ x"G% . ;[li^sf] of] lj:tf/ / ;+s"rg -expansion/contraction_ sf] æ:kGbg-l;$fGtÆ -oscillating theory_ nfO{ la;f}+ ztfåLsf j}!flgsx?n] ;[li^sf] l;$fGtsf] cTofw"lgstd\ vf]hsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf %g\ . o;/L xfd|f] lxGb' wd{zf:qx?df jl)f{t a|x\df)*sf] ;[li^ / ;+xf/sf] s"/f cfw"lgs lj!fgåf/f k')f{?kn] ;dly{t ePsf] tYo cToGt lj:dohgs % ! clg cl# eg] cg";f/ of] k|lqmofsf] k"g/fa[lQ cgGtsfn;Dd eO /xg] s"/f klg :ki^ ?kn] pNn]lvt % . :d/)fLo % ls xfd|f xf]d o!x?df u/Lg] dGqkf&df lx/)o-ue{ zAbsf] pNn]v s}of}+ k^s x"G% .

jt{dfg sNk M
CUj]bdf tyf dxfef/tsf] zflGt kj{df xfd|f] jt{dfg ;[li^ o; sfn rqmsf] s"g cjlwdf % tyf To; leq xfdL s"g sfndf %f}+ of] klg :ki^ ?kn] pNn]v % . jt{dfg sNknfO{ 'Zj]ta/fx sNk' elgG% . k|To]s sNknfO{ 14 v)*df ljeflht u/LPsf] % h;nfO{ ædGjGt/Æ elgG% . k|To]s dGjGt/df of}^f dg"' x"G%g\ . clxn] ;Dddf of] sNksf] 6 j^f dGjGt/ latL ;s]sf] % . dxfef/tdf zflGtkj{df j)f{g u/] cg";f/ k|yd dg"sf] -:jfoDe"j_ ;dodf gIfq hut -cosmos_ t}of/ ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f] dg" -:jf/f]lrz_ sf] ;dodf k[YjLsf] k|fb"ef{j eof] . t];|f] dg"sf] ;do sfndf k[|YjLaf^ rGb|df %"l§of] . rf}yf] dg"sf] sfndf ;d"b|af^ e'ld lg:Sof], kf¤rf}df jg:klt -vegetation_ eof] tyf %}&f}+df kz"-kIfL eP . clxn] xfdL ;ftf}+ dGjGt/af^ u"h|L /x]sf %f}+ / o; dGjGt/sf dg" x"g\ 'ljj:jfg' h"g dg" af^ dfgj hfltsf] cf/De eof] . t;y{ o; dGjGt/nfO{ 'j}j:jt\ dGjGt/' elgG% . k"/f)f cg";f/ k|yd dfgjsf] ;[li^ ePsf] 12s/f]* 5nfv 33xhf/ 100jif{ AotLt eO{ ;s]sf] % tyf dg":d[ltsf] /rgf 12s/f]*, 5nfv 23xhf/ 89jif{ k'j{ ePsf] lyof] . clxn] xfdL o; dGjGt/sf] 28;f}+ dxfo"usf] rf}yf] o"u cyf{t\ slno"u, h"gsL 3102 BC df z"? ePsf] lyof], df %f}+ . Tof] jif{ dxfef/tsf] o"$ ePsf] jif{ dflgG% . tbg";f/ clxn] 1998 df slno"usf] 5100 jif{ JotLt eO;Sof] . o; sfn u)fgf cg";f/ s"g} klg k'hf-kf& cyjf ;Tsd{sf] cf/Dedf ';+sNk' ubf{ lgDg afSo kl(G% M

xl/M pm¤ tT;bB}t:o a|x\d)ff]SlGx
låtLok/fw]{ >L Zj]tj/fxsNk]
j}j:jtdGjGt/] ci^lj+zlttd]
slno"u] k|ydkfb] hDa"åLk]
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cd"s gflDg ;DjT;/]
cd"s df;] cd"s kIf]
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cd"s uf]qf]TkGdf]Sx+ cd"s gfdfx+
cd"s sd{ sl/io] .

;[li^sf] cfo" M
dfyL pNn]lvt u)fgfg";f/ jt{dfg ;[li^sf] k|f/De b]lv clxn] ;Dd -2055;fn_ 1c/a 95s/f]* 58nfv 99;o jif{ latL ;Sof] . cyf{t xfd|f] ;[li^ s/La b"O{ c/a jif{ k"/fgf] % . sltko kfqf], k+rf+ux?df ';[li^tf]utfAbf' eg]/ of] jif{ ;+Vof lbOPsf] x"G% . o;} cg";f/ jt{dfg slno"usf] 4nfv 26xhf/ 900jif{ cem af¤ls % . cfw"lgs j}!flgs cg"dfgsf] cg";f/ Big Bang ePsf] s/La 18c/a jif{ eO ;Sof] h"gls oqf] ljzfn ;dosf] dfkb)* -time scale_ df ul)ftsf] b[li^sf])fn] of}^} cfofd jf kl/df)f -order of magnitude_ df % h"gls clt dxTjk')f{ ;+of]u -coincidence_ sf] s"/f] xf] .

a|x\dfsf] hLjgsf] cjlw 100jif{ sf] dflgPsf] % cyf{t 31gLn 53v/a 60c/a jif{ ! a|x\df)*sf] of] ;aeGbf &'nf] sfnfjlw xf] h;kl% ;f/f a|x\df)* a|x\dfdf kmls{G% . To;kl% km]/L csf]{ a|x\dfsf] ;[li^ xG"% . oxf¤ of] eGg" cltzof]lQm g xf]nf ls ;Dk')f{ dfgj Oltxf;df ;dosf] olt j[xt\ cfofd -dimension_ sf] s]jn wf/)ff -concept_ dfq, cljZj;gLo dfq xf]Og, clåtLo % . of] a}lbs sfnsf xfd|f k'j{h Clif d"gLx?sf] !fg / a"l$sf] k/fsfi&fsf] c;fwf/)f pbfx/)f xf] ! t/ xfd|f k'j{hx?n] dfq j[xt\ dfkb)*df sfnsf] u)fgf u/]gg\ ls n#"td\ dfkb)*df klg clåtLo /x] . lgDg tflnsfn] o; s"/fsf] :kli^s/)f ub%{ .

1 ;]s])*sf] 34,000 /f}+ v)* b]lv 4c/a jif{
1 qmlt = Ps ;]s]G*sf] 34,000 /f}+ v)*
1 q[lt = æ Æ 300 of}+ v)*
2 q[lt = 1 nj
2 nj = 1 If)f
30 If)f = 1 ljkn
60 ljkn = 1 kn*
60 kn = 1 #*L -24 ldg]^_
2=5 #*L = 1 xf]/f -1 #)^f_
3 xf]/f = 1 k|x/ -7=5 #*L_
4 k|x/ = 1 lbg
8 k|x/ -24 #)^f_ = 1 lbj; -lbg/ft = 30 d"x't{_
7 lbj; = 1 ;Ktfx
4 ;Ktfx = 1 df;
2 df; = 1 Ct"
6 Ct" = 1 jif{ - dfgj -jif{_
10 jif{ = 1 bzs -bzfAb_
10 bzs = 1 zts -ztfåL_
10 zts = 1 ;x;|flå
432 ;x;|flå = 1 o"u -slno"u_
2 o"u = 1 åfk/ o"u
3 o"u = 1 q]tf o"u
4 o"u = 1 ;Too"u
10 o"u = 1 dxfo"u
1000 dxfo"u = 1 sNk
1 sNk = 4 c/a 32 s/f]* dfgj jif{ .

* cf¤vf lemlds ug{ nfUg] ;do

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