| FIX PROBLEM | ENGLISH SOUND | - | COMMON ERROR | - | PRACTICE MATERIALS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quickly push air from throat out of mouth. | /h/ | "hot" | "ch" in "loch" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 78 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 40 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 10 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 1 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 23 "Listening Comp: Pronunciation" |
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| Start with lips tightly rounded. Unround & glide. | /w/ | "west" | /v/ | "vest" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 38 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 17 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 2 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 4 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 11 |
| Back of tongue to back roof. Nasal. | /ŋ/ + /k/ | "think" | /ŋ/ + /g/ | "thin" + k or g | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 72 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 45 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 18 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 6 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 12 |
| Unvoiced: Tip to alveolar. Front to palate. | /ʧ/ | "chin" | /ʤ/ | "gin" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 35 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 14 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 11 |
| Voiced. Friction. Tongue between lips. | /ð/ | "clothe" | /z/ | "close" /z/ | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 42 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 5 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 22 |
| Voiced. Friction. Tongue between lips. | /ð/ | "they" | /d/ | "day" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 42 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 5 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "How Now Brown Cow" Unit 22 |
| Voiceless. Friction. Tongue between teeth. | /θ/ | "thin" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 61 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 41 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 13 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 5 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 7 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 3 |
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| Voiced. Friction with top teeth & bottom lip. | /v/ | "vet" | /w/ | "wet" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 81 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 38 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 2 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 4 |
| Tongue low, back & fixed. Jaws together. | /ɔ:/ | "bought" | /əʊ/ | "boat" | "Ship or Sheep" Unit 20 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 2 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 12 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 15 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 6 |
| Move tongue to a lower front position. | /æ/ | "man" | /e/ | "men" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 18-19 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 4 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 2 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 11 "Headway Pronunciation UPP-INT" Unit 12 "How Now Brown Cow" |
| Keep tongue in fixed front central position. | /e/ | "get" | /eɪ/ | "gate" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 37 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 15 "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 9 "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 13 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 12 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 1 |
| Relax the mouth and keep sound short. | /ɪ/ | "sit" | /i:/ | "seat" | "English Pronunc. Illustrated" pp. 15-16 "Ship or Sheep" Unit 2 Minimal Pairs /ɪ/ or / i: / practice "Headway Pronunciation EL" Unit 7 "Headway Pronunciation PRE-INT" Unit 9 "Headway Pronunciation INT" Unit 6 |
EXTERNAL LINK: Non-native pronunciations of English: Hungarian L1