| The structural syllabus | The behaviourist approach | Teaching grammar | |
| the cognitive approach | Julian Dakin | Robert O´Neill | |
| Communicative Language Teaching | Testing | Correction | |
| Pronunciation | Phonology | Phonetics | |
| Grammar | Vocabulary | Dictionaries | |
| Listening | Speaking | Discussion | |
| Reading | Writing | Literacy | |
| Phrasal Verbs | Particles | Tenses | |
| Vowel sounds | Consonant sounds | Pronunciation | |
| Monophthongs | Diphthongs | Consonant clusters | |
| Phonology | Stress | Intonation | |
| Phonetics | International Phonetic Alphabet | Assimilation | |
| Songs | Games | Functions | |
| Authenticity | Self Access | Reference | |