TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With A

Adeliza (of Louvain)

Second wife of Henry I.

Family Tree Details
Adeliza (of Louvain)
+Henry Plantagenet (I, King of England 1100-1135) (b.1068 - d.1135)
See Also

Castle Rising

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1121		Henry I marries Adeliza
		Henry I married Adeliza of Louvain at Windsor Castle. Adeliza was his second wife. They did not have any children.
1126		Shrewsbury Castle granted to Adeliza
		The castle at Shrewsbury was granted by Henry to his second wife Adeliza. The command of the castle was given to Fitz-Alan.

Adrian (IV, Pope)

Born:
Died: 1159

Pope from 1154 to 1159. He was the only English Pope and his real name was Nicholas Breakspear. A Papal Bull of his allowed Henry II to attack and rule Ireland.

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Aelred (of Rievaulx)

Born: 1109
Died: 1166

Aelred was an English historian and was born in Hexham in Northumbria. He was a steward to Kind David of Scotland before becoming a monk at Rievaulx Abbey. At Rievaulx he devoted himself to writing historical works. He became the Abbot at Rievaulx Abbey.

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Aethelstan (son of Athelred)

First son of Athelred (the Unready)

Family Tree Details
Father: ATHELRED (II The Unready, King of the English 978-1013, 1014-1016) (b.967 - d.1016)
Mother: Aelfgifu
Aethelstan (son of Athelred)
See Also

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Alexander (I, King of Scotland 1107-1124)

Alexander (II, King of Scotland 1198-1249)

Born: 1198
Died: 1249

Ruler of Scotland from 1214 to 1249. Alexander was successful in regaining control of the more outer reaches of his kingdom and attempted to regain land that had been taken by the English. This attempt was abandoned in 1237 with the Treaty of York. Alexander died attempting to regain the Western Isles from control by the Norwegians. He was followed by his son, Alexander III.

Family Tree Details
Father: William (I, the Lyon, King of Scotland 1165-1214) ( - d.1214)
Mother: Beaumont, Ermengarde de ( - d.1233)
Alexander (II, King of Scotland 1198-1249) (b.1198 - d.1249)
+Joan (Daughter of King John) (b.1210 - d.1238) +Marie de Coucy =Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286) ( - d.1286) +Margaret ( - d.1275) =Alexander (son of Alexander III) ( - d.1284) =David (son of Alexander III) ( - d.1281) =Margaret (daughter of Alexander III) +Eric (King of Norway) =Margaret (Maid of Norway) (b.1283 - d.1290)
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Time Linked People

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1212		William gives son as hostage
		William, King of the Scots was prepared to give John his eldest son, Alexander as hostage to keep the peace between the two countries. William was also eager that Alexander should become King of the Scots after himself. Earning the trust of John was to be repaid later when John sent an army to Scotland to help William put down a rebellion.
1214	Dec 5	Alexander II became King of the Scots
		Alexander was crowned at Scone.
1221		Joan marries Alexander II
		At York Minster, king John's daughter Joan married Alexander II, the king of the Scots. Joan was only eleven years old at the time of the wedding.
1241		Henry entertains at Woodstock
		Henry spent time at Woodstock and entertained Alexander. King of the Scots and the English nobility.
1249	Jul 8	Alexander II of Scotland dies

Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286)

Born:
Died: 1286

Alexander was the ruler of Scotland from 1249 to 1286 and succeeded his father, Alexander II, at the age of seven or eight. Alexander married Margaret one of Henry III's daughters. Although Alexander and Margaret had children they all died before Alexander and Alexander's second wife had no children at all. Alexander had a granddaughter called Margaret who did succeed him. Margaret was known as the Maid of Norway.

Family Tree Details
Father: Alexander (II, King of Scotland 1198-1249) (b.1198 - d.1249)
Mother: Coucy, Marie de
Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286) ( - d.1286)
+Margaret ( - d.1275) =Alexander (son of Alexander III) ( - d.1284) =David (son of Alexander III) ( - d.1281) =Margaret (daughter of Alexander III) +Eric (King of Norway) =Margaret (Maid of Norway) (b.1283 - d.1290)
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Time Linked People

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1249	Jul 9	Alexander III became King of the Scots
		Alexander was crowned at Scone.
1251	Dec 26	Margaret marries Alexander III
		Henry III's daughter Margaret married Alexander III, king of the Scots, at York Minster. Both bride and groom were under the age of eleven at the time of the wedding. The festivities were huge as many members of the English and Scottish courts attended the wedding.
1263	Oct 1	The Battle of Largs
		Alexander III of Scotland attacked the Viking army led by King Haakon IV of Norway and took the islands of the Hebrides. Haakon died on Orkney.
1264	Jun	Haco of Norway attacks Scotland
		Haco of Norway and his troops landed at the mouth of the Clyde after taking a battering from storms. Three days of fighting resulted in a victory for Alexander III. Escaping to Orkney, Haco died (from injuries ?).
1266		Alexander III aquires the Hebrides
		Alexander, the King of the Scots exchanged his daughter in marriage to Eric, the King of Norway for the Hebrides.
1283	Apr	Birth of Margaret, Maid of Norway
		The birth of a daughter called Margaret to Eric, the young Norwegian King, and Margaret, the daughter of Alexander III. Margaret, the child's mother, died during childbirth.
1285	Oct 14	Alexander III remarries
		Because all of Alexander's sons had died there was a threat that a fight would break out for the Scottish throne. To ensure a smooth transition it was decided that Alexander should remarry. Alexander married Yolande, the youngest daughter of Robert IV, Comte de Dreux in the hope that she would give him a son.
1286	Mar 19	Alexander III of Scotland dies
		Alexander III of Scotland died leaving no male heir. Margaret 'Maid of Norway' was next in line for the Scottish throne because her mother was the only child of Alexander that had children.
1290	Jul 18	Treaty of Brigham
		The agreement of the marriage between Margaret Maid of Norway to the first Prince of Wales Prince Edward (II). Margaret was the granddaughter of Alexander III the king of Scotland and was the successor to the Scottish crown. Margaret died on the journey. This led to disputed succession in Scotland.
	Sep	Margaret, 'Maid of Norway' dies on voyage
		Margaret, the 'Maid of Norway', granddaughter of Alexander III and next in line for the Scottish crown was travelling to Scotland when she died on Orkney during the voyage.

Alexander (son of Alexander III)

Born:
Died: 1284

Son of Alexander III, King of Scotland.

Family Tree Details
Father: Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286) ( - d.1286)
Mother: Margaret ( - d.1275)
Alexander (son of Alexander III) ( - d.1284)
See Also

Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286)

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Alfonso (King of Castile)

Family Tree Details
Alfonso (King of Castile)
+Eleanor (of England) (b.1162 - d.1214) =Blanche +Louis VIII (King of France)
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Alfred (Second son of Athelred)

Born:
Died: 1036

Alfred was the second son of Athelred and Emma. Alfred was murdered in 1036(7) when he came to England to help his mother's campaign against Harold Harefoot and Earl Godwine.

Family Tree Details
Father: ATHELRED (II The Unready, King of the English 978-1013, 1014-1016) (b.967 - d.1016)
Mother: Emma (Wife of Athelred)
Alfred (Second son of Athelred) ( - d.1036)
See Also

Time Linked People

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1036		Alfred is murdered by Godwine
		Alfred landed in England to take back the English throne, but his army was met by Earl Godwine and defeated. Alfred was captured and killed by the Earl.

ALFRED (The Great, King of Wessex 871-899)

Anne (of Cleves)

Anne was the fourth wife of Henry VIII. It had been two years since the death of Jane Seymour when the marriage to Anne was suggested by Thomas Cromwell. A marriage to the sisters of the Dukes of Cleve would create a strong European political alliance. In order for Henry to see what Anne and her sister Amelia looked like the artist Hans Holbein was sent to paint their portraits. The painting of Anne was flattering and Henry agreed to the marriage. When Henry saw Anne, who arrived in England on the 1st of January 1540, he was disappointed that the she did not not look like her portrait. At first he wanted to cancel the wedding but the organisation had gone too far and so the marriage took place on the 6th of January. The marriage was a marriage in name only and Henry sought the means to have a divorce. He even unkindly called Anne 'The Flander's Mare'. Anne understood the situation and accepted the divorce along with a good income and the use of several homes including Hever Castle. Anne died on the 16th or 17th of July 1557.

Family Tree Details
Anne (of Cleves)
+HENRY (VIII, King of England 1509-1547) (b.1491 - d.1547)
See Also

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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1515	Sep 22	Birth of Anne of Cleves
		Anne of Cleves was born in Duesseldorf, Germany.
1540	Jan 6	Marriage of Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves
		Although Henry was disappointed that Anne did not resemble her portrait the marriage went ahead as planned.
	Jul 9	Marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled
		The marriage of Henry VIII to Anne of Cleves was annulled just a few months after the marriage. Anne agreed to an annual income and the use of several lavish homes in England.
	Jul 28	Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Howard
		Just weeks after the marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled Henry married Catherine Howard.
1553	Aug 3	Mary arrives in London
		Mary Tudor arrived at London to a huge welcome. Entering through Aldgate she was met by Elizabeth, Anne of Cleves and many others. Mary quickly ordered the release of her supporters that had been locked up at the Tower of London. The Duke of Northumberland and his supporters were placed in the Tower to await trial and execution.
1557	Jul 16	Death of Anne of Cleves
		Since the divorce from Henry VIII Anne had been given a good annual income and use of several homes. She died on the 16th or 17th of July, 1557.

Anselm (Archbishop of Canterbury 1093-1109)

Born: 1033
Died: 1109

Anselm was born in the alpine village of Aosta in the Italian Alps and was the son of a wealthy nobleman. Anselm became a pupil at the Abbey of Bec in Normandy and studied under Lanfranc. In 1078 Anselm replaced Herluin as the Abbot of Bec when Herluin died. In 1093 Anselm was invited to become Archbishop of Canterbury by William Rufus when the Lanfranc, the current Archbishop died. Differences arose between Anselm and William resulting in Anselm leaving England and going to Rome. Anselm was invited back to England when Henry I became King of England in 1100, but the conflicts arose between the King and Archbishop over the right of the king to elect bishops. Anselm again left England because of the disputes but returned a couple of years before his death to retake his position as Archbishop of Canterbury.

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Time Linked People

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1093		Anselm Becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
		Anselm became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1093 succeeding Lanfranc. The post of Archbishop of Canterbury had been held open by William Rufus so that he could collect for himself the church's income. Anselm died in 1109.
1109	Apr 21	Archbishop Anselm dies
		Death of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Arthur (of Brittany)

Born: 1187
Died: 1204

Arthur was the son of Geoffrey (Son of Henry II) and Constance of Brittany. When Ricahrd I went on Crusade he nominated Arthur as heir to the English throne even though Arthur was only four. Richard did this in an attempt to prevent John claiming the English throne if anything happened to Richard while crusading.

Family Tree Details
Father: Geoffrey (b.1158 - d.1186)
Mother: Constance (of Brittany)
Arthur (of Brittany) (b.1187 - d.1204)
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Time Linked People

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1199	Mar	Siege at the castle of Chalus, and Richard dies
		Richard besieged the castle at Chalus where some treasure had been unearthed. Richard believed it was his and tried to take the castle. Riding too close to the walls, Richard was shot in the shoulder. The castle then fell and the archer who shot Richard was brought before him. Richard forgave the archer but Richard's second in command had the archer executed. Richard died of his wounds. On his death bed, Richard nominated his brother John as his heir rather than Arthur of Brittany.
1202	Apr 28	John fails to attend a summons to Philippe's court
		Failing to attend the court of Philippe II, John was declared to be a rebel and to have forfeited the areas of Aquitaine, Poitou and Anjou. Philippe tried to mediate in the problems between John and the Lusignans but was ignored by John. The lands were given to Arthur of Brittany. Philippe kept Normandy for himself.
	Jul	Arthur knighted
		Philippe of France knights Arthur of Britanny.
	Aug 1	Battle of Mirebeau
		Arthur of Brittany was captured at the town of Mirebeau by William de Broase and handed over to John. Arthur was besieging the town in Anjou and had Eleanor of Aquitaine trapped in the castle.
1203	Apr 3	Arthur is murdered
		Arthur was moved to Rouwn from Falaise where he was being held. There it is said that John killed Arthur and dumped his weighted-down body in the Seine. The body was discovered and later buried.

Arthur (Son of Henry VII)

Born: 1486
Died: 1502

Married Catherine of Aragon before she married Henry VIII.

Family Tree Details
Father: HENRY (VII, King of England 1485-1509) (b.1457 - d.1509)
Mother: Elizabeth (of York) ( - d.1503)
Arthur (Son of Henry VII) (b.1486 - d.1502)
+Catherine (of Aragon)
See Also

Time Linked People

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1486	Sep	Birth of Arthur
		Arthur was born several weeks early.
Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1501	Oct 2	Catherine of Aragon arrives
		After several months of travelling Catherine of Aragon finally arrived at Plymouth in preparation for her marriage to Prince Arthur.
	Nov 14	Prince Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon
		After several days of celebration and reception Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon were married at St. Paul's Cathedral.
1502	Jan	Prince Arthur moves to Ludlow
		Prince Arthur took up his position as governor of the Welsh Marches and moved to Ludlow Castle. He was accompanied by his wife Catherine of Aragon.
	Apr	Prince Arthur dies
		Prince Arthur fell ill at Ludlow with consumption, an illness that he seems to have suffered from a lot during his life. The illness was severe and he died.
	Oct	Henry becomes Duke of Cornwall
		The title of Duke of Cornwall is given to the eldest son of the reigning monarch or their sons. When Arthur died without any male offspring the title was transferred to Henry (VIII)

Arundel, Thomas

Born: 1353
Died: 1414

Thomas Arundel was the Chancellor of England and Archbishop of Canterbury. In Richard II's reign Arundel served twice as Chancellor and was also the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1396. His appointment was short lived as a year later he was exiled as part of the conflict with the Lords Appellant. Arundel returned to England with Henry IV's rise to power and was once again made Chancellor from 1407. He was temporarily deposed in 1410 but regained the post in 1412.

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Aske, Robert

Robert Aske was the leader of a rebellion against Henry VIII. Aske's rebellion is known as the Pilgrimage of Grace and it began in October 1536.

See Also

HENRY (VIII, King of England 1509-1547)

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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1536	Oct 21	Pilgrimage of Grace
		Following the earlier Lincoln rebellion, a larger rebellion began further north in Yorkshire. This rebellion again protested against Henry VIII's unpopular policies and advisers. They wanted Henry to put a stop to the dissolution of the monasteries and they wanted the removal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer and Henry's adviser Thomas Cromwell. The leader of the rebellion was Robert Aske, a lawyer and excellent organiser. Somewhere between 30,000 and 35,000 rebels were involved and they took control of Pontefract Castle which fell to them without any resistance.
	Oct 27	Meeting with rebels
		The Duke of Norfolk met with leaders of the rebels on Doncaster Bridge where their demands were heard. The Duke asked the rebels to disband promising that their demands would be considered. The rebels complied with the request to dispand and returned home. Henry VIII made no attempt to concider their demands.
	Dec	Rebels list demands
		At Pontefract the rebel leaders presented a list of demands. The rebels were assured of free pardons.
1537	Qtr 1	More uprisings
		Although the main leaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace were remaining peaceful and waiting for Henry VIII to look into their complaints others were not so trusting. Several uprisings occurred in the north east of England where Carlisle was besieged. The Duke of Norfolk was able to deal with the rebels and many of those suspected of taking part were hung in their villages as an example to the rest.
	Summer	Rebel leaders executed
		Henry VIII summonsed the leaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace to him in London where the rebels believed they would discuss terms with the King as they had been promised free pardons. Instead, Henry had the rebels arrested. They were sent back to their home lands where they were tried and executed.

Athelbald (King of Wessex 858-860)

Born:
Died: 860

King of Wessex from 858 until he died in 860. First (or second if Athelstan was a son) of Athelwolf.

Family Tree Details
Father: Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858) ( - d.858)
Mother: Wife of Athelwulf
Athelbald (King of Wessex 858-860) ( - d.860)
See Also

Time Linked People

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858		Ethelbald becomes King of Wessex
		Unhappy with his father's marriage to Judith and absence from the country, Ethelbald, Ethelwulf's second son claims the kingdom of Wessex for himself. When Ethelwulf later dies, Ethelbald marries Judith, his stepmother.
860		Ethelbert becomes King of Wessex
		Upon the death of his elder brother, Ethelbert became the King of Wessex.

Athelbert (King of Wessex 860-865)

Born:
Died: 866

The third (or second) son of Athelwulf King of Wessex. Athelbert became king after his elder brother Athelbald died in 860.

Family Tree Details
Father: Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858) ( - d.858)
Mother: Wife of Athelwulf
Athelbert (King of Wessex 860-865) ( - d.866)
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Time Linked People

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860		Ethelbert becomes King of Wessex
		Upon the death of his elder brother, Ethelbert became the King of Wessex.
865		Ethelred becomes King of Wessex
		Following the death of his elder brother, Ethelred became the King of Wessex. Alfred (the Great) became his deputy.
		The 'Great Army' invade
		A large army of Danes landed in East Anglia led by King Ivar the 'Boneless' and King Halfdan. No attempts were made to get rid of the invaders.

Athelflaed (Lady of the Mercians)

Born:
Died: 918

Daughter of Alfred the Great and sister of Edward the Elder. Athelflaed married a Mercian and raised Athelstan the future King of the English.

Family Tree Details
Father: ALFRED (The Great, King of Wessex 871-899) (b.849 - d.899)
Mother: Ealhswith ( - d.905)
Athelflaed (Lady of the Mercians) ( - d.918)
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ATHELRED (II The Unready, King of the English 978-1013, 1014-1016)

Athelred (King of Wessex 866-871)

Born:
Died: 871

The fourth (or third) son of Athelwulf King of Wessex 839-858. Athelred became king of Wessex in 865/866 when his elder brother Athelbert died. Athelred had to contend with the largest invasion of Danes so far. In 865 Danes landed in East Anglia with a huge force of men. This army of Danes is known as the 'Great Army' and was under the command of King Ivar the 'Boneless' and King Halfdan. East Anglia was under the control of Mercia and no moves were made to force the army out. With his younger brother, Alfred (the Great), Athelred had to contend with the Danes throughout his reign.

Family Tree Details
Father: Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858) ( - d.858)
Mother: Wife of Athelwulf
Athelred (King of Wessex 866-871) ( - d.871)
+Wulfthryth =Athelwold ( - d.905)
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Time Linked People

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865		Ethelred becomes King of Wessex
		Following the death of his elder brother, Ethelred became the King of Wessex. Alfred (the Great) became his deputy.
		The 'Great Army' invade
		A large army of Danes landed in East Anglia led by King Ivar the 'Boneless' and King Halfdan. No attempts were made to get rid of the invaders.
866		The 'Great Army' arrive in East Anglia
		A large number of Vikings landed in East Anglia and gathered horses and supplies from the surrounding areas in preparation for their assault on Northumbria. Their leaders were Ivar the Boneless, son of Ragnar Lodbrok, and possibly Anlaf (Olaf) Cuaran, the King of Dublin.
		Witenagemot held at Woodstock
		Ethelread held a Witenagemot (Witan) at the palace of Woodstock.
	Winter	Northumbria is invaded by the Danes
		The 'Great Army' moved north from their original landing site in East Anglia and into Northumbria. The Army split is two. One section took boats up the coast and sailed into the Humber while the other section went overland.
867		Danes are attacked and move south
		Armies from Northumbria attacked the Danes at York but were defeated. The Danes moved south attacking Nottingham and taking the city. The king of Mercia asked Ethelred and Alfred for assistance and an army from Wessex went to help.
868	Autumn	A peaceful settlement is reached
		Ethelred and Alfred married Mercian noble women whilst assisting the King of Mercia with the Danes on his land. A peaceful settlement was reached with the Danes and a Danegeld was paid for them to leave.
871	Qtr 1	Battle of Ashdown
		Athelred and Alfred defeated the Danes at Ashdown.
	Apr	Alfred 'The Great' becomes king of Wessex
		After fighting the Danes all winter Athelred died. He was only in his twenties. He was buried at Wimborne and was succeeded by his younger brother Alfred 'the Great'.

ATHELSTAN (King of the English 924-939)

Athelstan (son of Athelwulf)

The first son of Athelwulf King of Wessex. Athelstan could have been Athelwulf's brother.

Family Tree Details
Father: Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858) ( - d.858)
Mother: Wife of Athelwulf
Athelstan (son of Athelwulf)
See Also

Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858)

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Athelswith (Daughter of Athelwulf)

Daughter of Athelwulf king of Wessex and sister of Alfred the Great. Athelswith married Burgred the kind of Mercia.

Family Tree Details
Father: Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858) ( - d.858)
Mother: Wife of Athelwulf
Athelswith (Daughter of Athelwulf)
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Athelwold

Born:
Died: 905

Athelwolrd (or Ethelwold) was the son of Athelred, king of Wessex. and the nephew of Alfred the Great. When Alfred died in 899 the control of Wessex was disputed between Athelwold and Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred. Edward was supported in the south of the country while Athelwold found support with the Danes in Northumbria who accepted him as their over-lord.

Family Tree Details
Father: Athelred (King of Wessex 866-871) ( - d.871)
Mother: Wulfthryth
Athelwold ( - d.905)
See Also

EDWARD (the Elder, King of West Saxons, 899-924)

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905		Athelwold killed
		Athelwold and Eric the Dane were killed in battle against Edward the Elder.

Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858)

Born:
Died: 858

King of Wessex, son of Egbert and father of Alfred the Great. Athelwulf had the responsibility of protecting his kingdom from the invasion by the Danes. In 851 Athelwulf defeated a Danish army at the battle of Oakley (believed to be somewhere south of the Thames), while his eldest son Althelstan fought and beat the Danes at sea of the coast of Kent in what is beleived to be the first naval battle. In 855 Athelwulf travelled to Rome with his son Alfred to see the Pope. Whilst travelling back he spent time with Charles the Bald, King of the Franks and there he married the King's daughter Judith. Back in Wessex Athelwulf's second son Athelbald learned of his father's marriage and disaproved. In 858 Athelbald made himself King of Wessex. When Athelwulf returned he decided not to cause conflict and civil war so he let Athelbald rule in the west of the realm while Athelwulf ruled in the east. When Athelwulf died in 858 his wife Judith married her stepson Athelbald.

Family Tree Details
Athelwulf (King of Wessex 839-858) ( - d.858)
+Wife of Athelwulf =Athelstan (son of Athelwulf) =Athelbald (King of Wessex 858-860) ( - d.860) =Athelbert (King of Wessex 860-865) ( - d.866) =Athelred (King of Wessex 866-871) ( - d.871) | +Wulfthryth | =Athelwold ( - d.905) =Athelswith (Daughter of Athelwulf) =ALFRED (The Great, King of Wessex 871-899) (b.849 - d.899) +Ealhswith ( - d.905) =EDWARD (the Elder, King of West Saxons, 899-924) (b.871 - d.924) | +Wife of Edward the Elder | =ATHELSTAN (King of the English 924-939) (b.895 - d.939) | =EDMUND (I, King of the English 939-946) (b.922 - d.946) | =EADRED (King of the English 946-955) (b.923 - d.955) =Athelflaed (Lady of the Mercians) ( - d.918)
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Time Linked People

Athelbald (King of Wessex 858-860) d. 860

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839		Ethulwulf becomes king of Wessex
		Egbert was followed by his son Ethulwulf as King of Wessex.
849		Alfred 'the Great' is born
		Alfred was the fifth son of Ethelwulf, King of Wessex.
851		Danish invasion defeated
		The Danes landed at Wembury near Plymouth and were defeated by forces from Devon. A sea battle off the coast of Kent led by Athelstan (eldest son of Ethelwulf) defeated a Danish fleet of vessels and Ethelwulf defeated an army of Danes at the battle of Ockley who had arrived in the Thames and were attacking the south of the country.
855 - 856		Ethelwulf and Alfred visit Rome
		Ethelwulf and Alfred visit Rome to see Pope Leo IV.
858		Ethelbald becomes King of Wessex
		Unhappy with his father's marriage to Judith and absence from the country, Ethelbald, Ethelwulf's second son claims the kingdom of Wessex for himself. When Ethelwulf later dies, Ethelbald marries Judith, his stepmother.