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Ferdinand (II, King of Aragon 1479-1516)

Born:
Died: 1516

Ferdinand was the King of Aragon from 1479 when his father died until his own death in 1516. He was also Ferdinand V of Castile. As members of the Holy League, Ferdinand and Henry VII cemented their alliances with the marriage of Ferdinand's daughter, Catherine of Aragon, to Henry's eldest son, and heir to the English throne, Arthur.

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Ferdinand (II, King of Aragon 1479-1516) ( - d.1516)
+Isabella (of Castile, Wife of Ferdinand II) =Catherine (of Aragon) +Arthur (Son of Henry VII) (b.1486 - d.1502) +HENRY (VIII, King of England 1509-1547) (b.1491 - d.1547) =Mary (I, Queen of England 1553-1558, Bloody Mary) (b.1516 - d.1558) +Philip (II, King of Spain) (b.1527 - d.1598)
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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1505		Papal dispensation
		Pope Julius II gave permission for the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII. The legality of the marriage was in question because Catherine had been married to Henry's elder brother Arthur.

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Fitz Osbern, William (Earl of Hereford)

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Born:
Died: 1071

William Fitz Osbern, a Norman, came into power after the conquest in 1066 and is closely associated with William the Conqueror. Fitzobern became Earl of Hereford in 1067 and to strengthen his position over the Anglo-Saxons built many castles, including Clifford, Chepstow, Ewyas Harold, Monmouth and Wigmore. He died in 1071. He is also known as lord of Breteuil.

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1067		Odo becomes William's deputy
		Odo,the Bishop or Bayeux, became William the Conqueror's deputy in England and was assisted by William Fitz Osbern until Osbern's death in 1071. Odo also became the Earl of Kent and his wealth and land became considerable.
1070		Building work at Chepstow
		William Fitz Osbern built the hall at Chepstow Castle.

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Flambard, Ranulf

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Ranulf was a household chaplain of William Rufus with big ambitions. He became an important advisor to William, organising tax collections and military matters. He took control of the country when William was away. Ranulf became the Bishop of Durham in 1099 but took advantage of his position. When Henry I came to the throne he arrested Flambard to signal to the English people that he would put an end to Rufus' old ways. Flambard was sent to the Tower of London but managed to escape and flee to Normandy. In Normandy Flambard sided with Robert of Normandy against Henry I and organised a invasion plan. The plan failed but luckily for Flambard Henry accepted him back as Bishop of Durham possibly recognising the man's organisational abilities.

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1099		Flambard is made Bishop of Durham
		Ranulf Flambard is made the Bishop of Durham by William Rufus.
1101	Jul	The Treaty of Alton
		Robert Duke of Normandy landed at Portsmouth with an army and marched up to Alton on the way to London. Here he and Henry signed a treaty where Robert gave up his claim to the throne of England in return for 3,000 marks a year. The treaty also ensured that Robert's supporters would not be punished.

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Francis (I, King of France 1515-1547)

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Born:
Died: 1547

More details to follow. See timeline below.

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HENRY (VIII, King of England 1509-1547)

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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1515	Jan 1	Death of Louis XII
		Louis XII died at the age of 52 leaving Mary a widow. His nephew, Francis, became the next king of France.
1518	Oct	Treaty of London (Universal Peace)
		A treaty was signed in London between the major European countries, England, France, Burgundy and many more. For Cardinal Wolsey this treaty was a plan to produce a peaceful Europe. The treaty stated that the countries must not attack one another and if they did the other countries would come to the aid of those being attacked. Within the treaty was the agreement that Henry's 2 year old daughter Mary would marry the French dauphin.
1520	Jun 7	Field of the Cloth of Gold
		Meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I of France somewhere between Guines and Ardres near Calais. The meeting included a series of tournaments and jousts. The extravagant nature of the event giving the meeting its name.
1521	Nov	Treaty of Bruges
		This treaty was conducted in secrecy at Bruges between Charles V and Thomas Wolsey. In the terms of the treaty Wolsey promised Charles that Henry VIII would join him in a joint campaign against France and Francis I. The meeting was held in secret because England was supposed to be a mediator in the dispute between Charles and Francis. The joint attacks of France would have to wait until March or May of 1523.
1547	Mar 31	Death of Francis I
		Francis I, the King of France, died at Rambouillet Castle. He was succeeded by his son Henry.

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Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560)

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Born: 1544
Died: Dec 1560

Francis was the son of Henry II, King of France. Francis became king of France at teh age of fifteen after his father was accidentally killed while taking part in a tournament to celebrate a wedding. Francis was married to Mary, Queen of Scots who had been sent to France for her own protection. The marriage did not not last long as Francis suffered from poor health and he died in December of 1560. They had no children. He was followed by his brother Charles IX.

Family Tree Details
Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560) (b.1544 - d.1560)
+Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1587)
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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1548	Jul	The French arrive in Scotland
		The request of the Scottish Regent, Mary of Guise, for help to fight the English was answered by the arrival of a army of several thousand French. The assistance came on condition that her daughter Mary should marry the French Dauphin, Francis.
1557	Dec	The Lords of the Congregation
		A group of Scottish Lords signed a covenant promising to support the advancement 'the most blessed Word of God' and to push forward the Reformation in Scotland. This was a move against what they saw as the threat from France with that came from the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin. They called themselves the Lords of the Congregation.
1558	Apr	Betrothal of Mary and Dauphin Francis
		An agreement was reached between the Scottish commissioners and the French king Henry II for the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis, the Dauphin of France. The terms of the agreement allowed the Scots to maintain their traditional rights and would become united with France when Francis became King of France. It was also agreed that if Mary died without having children the Scottish throne would go to the Earl of Arran.
	Apr 24	Marriage and a secret agreement
		Mary, Queen of Scots married Francis, the Dauphin of France. A secret marriage agreement was signed by Mary giving control of Scotland to France if she died without having children.
1559	Jun	Henry II killed druing a tournament
		Henry II, the French king was accidentally killed during a tournament celebrating a wedding. He was succeeded by his son Francis II.
	Sep	Coronation of Francis II, King of France
		Francis was crowned King of France at Rheims cathedral. The ceremony was subdued because of the untimely death of his father.
1560	Dec	Death of Francis II, King of France
		Francis suffered from poor health throughout his life and he died at the age of sixteen from an abscess in his brain.

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Fulk (V, of Anjou)

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Born:
Died: 1143

Fulk of Anjou was the grandfather of Henry II from his first marriage to Ermentrude. He also married Melisende, the daughter of the King of jerusalem, Baldwin II. No other details at present.

Family Tree Details
Fulk (V, of Anjou) ( - d.1143)
+Ermentrude =Geoffrey (of Anjou) | +Matilda (Daughter of Henry I) | =Henry (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189) | | +Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204) | | | =William ((Son of Henry II)) (b.1153 - d.1156) | | | =Henry ('the Young King') (b.1155 - d.1183) | | | =Matilda (Daughter of Henry II) (b.1156 - d.1189) | | | =Richard (I, King of England 1189-1199) (b.1157 - d.1199) | | | =Geoffrey (b.1158 - d.1186) | | | =Eleanor (of England) (b.1162 - d.1214) | | | =Joan (b.1165 - d.1199) | | | =JOHN (King of England 1199-1216) (b.1167 - d.1216) | | +Illegitimate | | =Geoffrey Plantagenet (Archbishop of York) | | =William Longsword | =Geoffrey (VI of Anjou) | =William (Count of Paitin) (b.1136 - d.1164) =Matilda (daughter of Fulk V) =Sybil (of Anjou)
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1119		William Adelin marries Matilda
		Fulk V of Anjou married his daughter Matilda to William Adelin, heir to the English crown. Wanting to go on Crusade, Fulk needed to ensure security and a marriage between his family and the English crown could help.
1128		Matilda marries Geoffrey
		Henry I arranged a marriage between his daughter Matilda and the son of Fulk V of Anjou, Geoffrey. He had previously arranged a marriage between his son William Adelin to Fulk's daughter also called Matilda, but William had died in a shipwreck.
	Apr	Hugh de Payen visits Fulk of Anjou
		Hugh de Payen's travels around France started with a visit to Fulk of Anjou who had become an associate member of the order in 1120. The visit lasted from April to May.
1131		Fulk of Anjou becomes King of Jerusalem
		Fulk V, the count of Anjou became the King of Jerusalem.

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