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Gama, Vasco da Gaveston, Piers
Geoffrey Geoffrey (I, Greymantle, count of Anjou)
Geoffrey (Martel, I, count of Anjou) Geoffrey (Plantagenet, 'The Fair', Count of Anjou)
Geoffrey (The Bearded) George (Duke of Clarence)
Giffard, Walter Glanvill, Ranulf de
Glendower, Katherine Glendower, Owen
Godfrey (of Bouillon) Godwine (Earl of Wessex)
Godwineson, Sweyn Gough, Matthew
Grey, Catherine (Lady) Grey, Henry (Duke of Suffolk)
Grey, Jane (Lady) Grey, John (Sir)
Gruffydd, David ap (Welsh Prince) Gruffydd, Rhys ap (Lord Rhys)
Gundulf Gunnhilda
Guthrum (King of the Danes -890)


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       Gama, Vasco da Born: 1460 Died: 1524 
xplorer who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497 to reach Calicut in India in 1498.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1497  Dec  Vasco de Gama rounds Cape of Good Hope
   Vasco de Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope to reach East Asia.
1 
       Gaveston, Piers Died: Jun 1312 
on of a prominent Gascon knight, Gaveston had a close friendship with Edward II, king of England. Edward's affection towards Gaveston alienated the people who were Edward's real counsellors, the barons. Gaveston was captured by the Earl of Warwick, the leader of the king's opposition in June 1312 and executed.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1308  Jan 25  Edward marries
   Edward II married Isabella of France, the daughter of King Philippe IV of France. The marriage took place at Boulogne and Edward left Gaveston as Regent in his absence. Edward alienated the Lords by placing Gaveston in such a powerful position.2 
  Jun  Gaveston banished
   Parliament was unhappy with Gaveston's actions as Regent while Edward was away. Gaveston's closeness to Edward was also distressing for Edward's new wife as well. Parliament concluded that Edward should remove Gaveston and the knight was given the role of Lieutenant of Ireland in order to remove him from England. 
1310  Sep  Edward campaigns in Scotland Berwick Castle
   Supported by Earls of Gloucester, Warwick and Cornwall, Edward took an army into Scotland. Edward directed the assaults from Berwick. The campaign was fruitless even though Gaveston managed to reach as far north as Perth.2 
1311  Qtr 1  The rise of Thomas Earl of Lancaster
   While Edward II was in Scotland, his Regent, the Earl of Lincoln died. and was replaced by his son-in-law Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. Lancaster became the Earl of Lincoln and Salisbury, but already held the titles of Earl of Leicester and Derby. Holding so many titles, made Lancaster the most powerful Baron of the time. His hatred of Gaveston was to become a major problem for the king.2 
  Qtr 1  Lancaster pays homage
   Lancaster had to pay homage to the king for the new lands he had received with his new earldoms. Edward was in Scotland but Lancaster refused to leave England and Edward met Lancaster at Haggerston Castle on the border. Gaveston was with the king but Lancaster refused to meet him.2 
  Jul  Edward returns to England Bamburgh Castle
   Edward II left Scotland and returned to England to attend a session of Parliament. Gaveston was left behind at Bamburgh Castle where he was relatively safe from the Lords Ordainers.2 
  Sep 27  Ordinances Proclaimed
   The Ordinances were publicly proclaimed at Paul's Cross. In addition, Gaveston was ordered to leave the country by the 1st of November and to be stripped of his titles.2 
  Nov 3  Gaveston leaves
   Gaveston left the country a few days later than he should have done, but even then he didn't go far. By Christmas he had returned to Edward's side and made public appearances with the King. Edward also gave Gaveston his title of Earl of Cornwall back to him.2 
1312  Qtr 1  Edward looks to Scotland for help Canterbury Cathedral
   Gaveston's return to England forced the Archbishop of Canterbury to honour his threat of excommunication and the Earls to prepare for civil war against the king. Edward and Gaveston travelled to Scotland to seek help from Robert the Bruce but were not welcome. At Tynemouth the King and Gaveston took a boat to Scarborough leaving behind them everything including Isabella, Edward's wife. Gaveston took refuge at Scarborough Castle and Edward went to York.2 
  May  Gaveston surrenders
   While the Earl of Lancaster set up camp midway between York and Scarborough to prevent Gaveston and the King rejoining, the Earls of Pembroke and Surrey besieged Scarborough castle. The castle was not prepared to withstand the stand-off and Gaveston surrendered after a couple of weeks. The terms of his surrender were generous and Pembroke gave his word that Gaveston would not be harmed until he was presented to Parliament.2 
  Jun 19  Gaveston executed
   The Earl of Pembroke with his captive Gaveston, stopped at Deddington for the night. Pembroke left Gaveston to attend to other matters. The Earl of Warwick took advantage of Pembroke's absence and took Gaveston from his bed. They went to Warwick castle and Gaveston was thrown in the dungeon. The four Earls, Lancaster, Warwick, Arundel and Hereford took the decision that Gaveston should be punished and took him to Blacklow Hill where he was executed. As Gaveston was under excommunication, the body was not buried straight away.3 
1314  Dec  Gaveston buried
   Edward had delayed having the body of Gaveston buried until he had taken revenge for the murder, but because the King was powerless to act against the Ordainers, he decided to hold a lavish ceremony to bury his dead friend.2 
       Geoffrey Born: 1158 Died: 1186 
on of Henry II.

Family Tree Details
Father:  Henry (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189)
Mother:  Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204) 
Geoffrey (b.1158 - d.1186)
     +Constance (of Brittany)
          =Arthur (of Brittany) (b.1187 - d.1204)
          =Eleanor (Grand-daughter of Henry II) ( - d.1241)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1158  Sep 23  Birth of Geoffrey Plantagenet
   Birth of Geoffrey Plantagenet.1 
1186  Jul  Geoffrey, son of Henry II dies in a tournament
   Geoffrey, the son of Henry II dies in a tournament.4 
       Geoffrey (I, Greymantle, count of Anjou) Died: 987 
eoffrey was the son of Fulk II, count of Anjou. A legend surrounds Geoffrey depicting him as a great knight and warrior. The legend concerns an invasion by the Danes who had been attacking lands of France for some time. Amongst them was a fierce warrior called Ethelulf. No one could kill the huge Dane and he challenged all to try. When Geoffrey heard of this he secretly travelled to Paris where the Danes were approaching. Geoffrey confronted Ethelulf and killed the giant. He cut off the head of Ethelulf and gave it to a servant to take to Paris. No one knew who had killed the Dane and it was only later at a reception at Paris that Geoffrey was recognised by the servant who had been given the head. Because he was wearing a grey cloak, Geoffrey was given the nickname Graygown or Greymantle. Geoffrey was succeeded by his son Fulk, the Black.
 See Also
       Geoffrey (Martel, I, count of Anjou) Died: 1060 
eoffrey Martel was the son of Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou. Geoffrey became count of Anjou in 1040 when his father died. Martel was a fierce warrior brushing aside all that stood before him. In 1044 the county of Touraine was overrun by Geoffrey when his army captured Tours, its capital town. When he died in 1060 Geoffrey had no children so he divided his lands of Anjou and Touraines between his nephews Geoffrey the Bearded and Fulk Rechin. Fulk received Touraine and Geoffrey received Anjou. Geoffrey Martel died in great pain from an illness.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1044    Geoffrey Martel takes Tours and Touraine
   Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou, captured the town Tours and took control of the county of Touraine.5 
1063    William invades and captures Maine
   Some years earlier William had supported the exiled Count Herbert of Maine when Geoffrey Martel invaded the province and captured its main town Le Mans. As part of the pact William and Herbert agreed that if Herbert died without an heir the province could be claimed by William. William's eldest son Robert Curthose was betrothed to Herbert's daughter (Margaret?) but she died before they could be married. When Herbert died William claimed Maine in the name of his son and invaded. Robert was made Count of Maine when the province was captured.6 
       Geoffrey (Plantagenet, 'The Fair', Count of Anjou) Died: 1151 
eoffrey was the son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou and was the founder of the Plantagenet dynasty of rulers. Geoffrey was given the nickname 'Plantagenet' due to his habit of wearing a sprig of broom in his hat. The broom plant being called planta genista in France. In 1128 the fifteen year old Geoffrey married King Henry I of England's daughter Matilda and together they had a son Henry who became King Henry II of England. In 1129 Geoffrey's father Fulk gave up his title of Count of Anjou to marry Melisende, the heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem and so Geoffrey inherited the title. Geoffrey had to fight his own brother, Elias, when he rebelled and threatened to capture the area of Maine. Elias was captured and imprisoned. He later died from an illness contracted while in prison. Bigger problems arose with the death of King Henry I of England in 1135. Geoffrey's wife Matilda was the rightful heir to the throne but Henry's cousin, Stephen of Blois, claimed the English throne for himself with the help of the Norman barons. A civil war between Stephen and Matilda broke out in England while in Normandy the conflict continued between Stephen and Geoffrey who both had a claim to duchy.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Fulk (V, of Anjou) ( - d.1143)
Mother:  Ermentrude 
Geoffrey (Plantagenet, 'The Fair', Count of Anjou) ( - d.1151)
     +Matilda (Daughter of Henry I) (b.1102 - d.1167)
          =Henry (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189)
          |    +Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204)
          |    |    =William (b.1153 - d.1156)
          |    |    =Henry ('the Young King') (b.1155 - d.1183)
          |    |    |    +Margaret (Young Queen of England) (b.1158 - d.1197)
          |    |    =Matilda (b.1156 - d.1189)
          |    |    |    +Henry (Duke of Saxony)
          |    |    |         =Otto (IV, Roman Emperor) (b.1182 - d.1218)
          |    |    =Richard (I, King of England 1189-1199) (b.1157 - d.1199)
          |    |    |    +Berengaria (of Navarre, Queen of England)
          |    |    =Geoffrey (b.1158 - d.1186)
          |    |    |    +Constance (of Brittany)
          |    |    |         =Arthur (of Brittany) (b.1187 - d.1204)
          |    |    |         =Eleanor (Grand-daughter of Henry II) ( - d.1241)
          |    |    =Eleanor (of England) (b.1162 - d.1214)
          |    |    |    +Alfonso (King of Castile)
          |    |    |         =Blanche (of Castile) (b.1188 - d.1252)
          |    |    =Joan (of England, Queen of Sicily) (b.1165 - d.1199)
          |    |    |    +William (II, King of Sicily)
          |    |    |    +Raymond (VI, Count of Toulouse)
          |    |    |         =Raymond (VII, Count of Toulouse)
          |    |    =JOHN (King of England 1199-1216) (b.1167 - d.1216)
          |    |         +Isabella of Gloucester ( - d.1217)
          |    |         +Isabella (of Angouleme)
          |    |              =HENRY (III, King of England 1216-1272) (b.1207 - d.1272)
          |    |              =Richard (Earl of Cornwall) (b.1209 - d.1272)
          |    |              =Joan (Daughter of King John) (b.1210 - d.1238)
          |    |              =Isabelle (b.1214 - d.1241)
          |    |              =Eleanor (Daughter of King John) (b.1215 - d.1275)
          |    +Illegitimate
          |         =Plantagenet, Geoffrey (Archbishop of York)
          |         =Longsword, William
          =Geoffrey (VI of Anjou)
          =William (Count of Paitin) (b.1136 - d.1164)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1110    Birth of Geoffrey Plantagenet
   Geoffrey Plantagenet was the son of Fulk V, the count of Anjou. Geoffrey would marry Matilda, the daughter of Henry I, King of England.5 
1128    Matilda marries Geoffrey Plantagenet
   Henry I arranged a marriage between his daughter Matilda and the son of Fulk V of Anjou, Geoffrey Plantagenet. He had previously arranged a marriage between his son William Adelin to Fulk's daughter also called Matilda, but William had died when the 'White Ship' sank returning the Prince from Normandy. 
1129    Fulk V marries Melisende Jerusalem
   Fulk V married Melisende, the heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fulk gave up his title of Count of Anjou which passed to his son Geoffrey Plantagenet. 
1137  Apr  Stephen goes to Normandy
   King Stephen sailed to Normandy to confront Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou and the Angevins who were attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen had come success he was not able to deal fully with the count. Stephen did come to an agreement with the French King Louis VII and Eustace, Stephen's son, paid homage to the French king for Normandy.5 
1144    Geoffrey Plantagenet captures Normandy
   After several years of conflict between the Angevins and the Barons of Normandy Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou, captured Rouen and took control of the whole of the duchy of Normandy. Geoffrey also took the title of Duke of Normandy.5 
1151  Sep  Geoffrey dies
   After returning from Paris with Henry, Geoffrey fell ill and died.  
       Geoffrey (The Bearded) Died: circa 1109 
eoffrey the Bearded was the nephew of Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou. The count had no children so arranged for his lands to be divided between his nephews Geoffrey and Fulk Rechin. Geoffrey received the areas of Anjou and Saintonge, an area on the west coast of France. Fulk received the area of Touraine. The brothers Geoffrey and Fulk began to fight amongst themselves and in 1066 Fulk captured Geoffrey and imprisoned him.

 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1066    Fulk Rechin defeats Geoffrey the Bearded
   Fulk Rechin was at war with his brother Geoffrey. They were fighting over the lands of Anjou and Touraine which had been left to them by their uncle Geoffrey Martel, the count of Anjou. Fulk captured Geoffrey the Bearded and captured Anjou later taking the title of count.5 
       Giffard, Walter Died: 1279 
ishop of Bath and Wells from 1264, and chancellor after Simon de Montfort's defeat and death at Evesham in 1265. Giffard became archbishop of York in 1266 and acted as regent for Edward I.
 See Also
       Glanvill, Ranulf de  
anulf was a lawyer and Henry II's Chief Justiciar. Henry entrusted the education of his son John to Ranulf. Hubert Walter also studied under Ranulf.
 See Also
       Glendower, Katherine  
atherine was the daughter of Owen Glendower and she married Edmund Mortimer. Edmund had been fighting on the side of Henry IV against Owen Glendower's Welsh revolt but had been captured by Owen at the battle of Pilleth. Owen demanded a ransom from Henry IV to free Edmund but Henry refused to pay. Edmund decided to join Owen Glendower's cause. He even married Owen's daughter Katherine.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Glendower, Katherine
     +Mortimer, Edmund ( - d.1409)
       Glendower, Owen Born: circa 1350 
Owain Glyn Dwr) A wealthy land owner in Wales. Glendower owned land both in North Wales and in Pembrokeshire. In 1400 Glendower and his rival Lord Grey of Rutin had a dispute over land. The King of England sided with Rutin and so Glendower rose up in revolt against the English in North Wales.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1400  Aug  Glendower's revolt starts
   What started as a land dispute between Owen Glendower, a wealthy land owner in Wales and his rival Lord Grey of Rutin quickly escalated to a revolt when the English King Henry IV sided with Rutin and awarded him the land.7 
  Sep  Glendower proclaimed Prince of Wales
   Glendower's revolt spread and he proclaimed himself the Prince of Wales. He was joined by the Tudor brothers from Anglesey and began guerrilla warfare against the English in the North of Wales and the Marcher Lords in the centre.7 
  Oct  Henry fights back against Glendower
   Henry IV moved into North Wales to try and stop the rebellion but he was not able to deal with the Welsh rebels who were more skilled at fighting in the terrain.7 
1402    Henry IV assembles an army Shrewsbury Castle
   The king assembled an army at Shrewsbury Castle in preparation to fight Owen Glendower.8 
  Jun 22  Battle of Pilleth
   Edmund Mortimer's army met Owen Glendower at Pilleth near Whitton in central Wales. Mortimer's army was badly defeated and Mortimer was captured. Glendower offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom, but Henry IV refused to pay. 
1403    Abergavenny attacked by Glendower Abergavenny Castle
   The castle at Abergavenny was attacked and burnt by Owen Glendower.9 
    Llansteffan Castle attacked by Glendower Llansteffan Castle
   The Norman Llansteffan Castle was attacked by Owen Glendower. Glendower may have held the castle for a short time until it was retaken by Sir John Penress (Pennes). 
    Kidwelly Castle attacked Kidwelly Castle
   Owen Glendower's forces attacked Kidwelly Castle managing to set fire to the unfinished gatehouse but did not capture the castle.10 
    Weobley Castle attacked Weobley Castle
   Owen Glendower attacked and badly damaged Weobley Castle.11 
1404    Harlech Castle siege Harlech Castle
   The Welsh captured Harlech Castle and the fortress became the base for Owen's revolt. 
    Cardiff sacked by Glendower Cardiff Castle
   Owen Glendower attacked and captured the town of Cardiff and its castle.12 
    Aberystwyth falls to the Welsh Aberystwyth Castle
   Owen Glendower captured the town of Aberystwyth and its castle after a lengthy blockade.10 
    Bangor Cathedral burnt by rebels Bangor Cathedral, Wales
   Bangor Cathedral was captured by Owen Glendower after a siege and destroyed by fire. 13 
  May  Glendower's Parliament
   Owen Glendower called a Parliament where he declared himself to be the true 'Prince of Wales'. Embassies from France and Scotland attended the meeting and gave promises to support Glendower's plans to overthrow Henry IV. 
1405  Feb  Glendower's agreement
   Owen Glendower, Edmund Mortimer and the Earl of Northumberland combine forces and share the same goal of removing Henry IV. They agreed to divide England and Wales in three, Owen taking Wales and the west of England, the Earl to take the north of England and the north Midlands. Mortimer could have the rest. 
  Spring  Battles of Grosmont and Usk Grosmont Castle
   English forces fought and defeated Welsh forces in two battles at Grosmont and Usk. Sir John Talbot defeated Glendower at Grosmont and Prince Henry forced the Welsh to flee at Usk. Glendower's eldest son was captured at Usk and sent to the Tower of London where he died. 
1407    Harlech Castle siege Harlech Castle
   The English besiege the Welsh in Harlech Castle. 
       Godfrey (of Bouillon) Born: 1060 Died: c. Jul 1100 
odfrey de Bouillon was the second son of Eustace II, the Norman Count of Boulogne. Godfrey was chosen as the ruler of Jerusalem in 1099 after the crusaders of the First Crusade took control of the city. Godfrey refused to wear a golden crown in Jerusalem where his Saviour had only worn a crown of thorns. He wanted to be known as advocate or lay defender of the Holy Sepulchre rather than King. Shortly after the crusaders had taken Jerusalem the separate Muslim armies overcame their differences in order to rid their home of the Christian army. Egypt supplied the largest number of men. The huge Muslim army made its way towards Jerusalem. Godfrey was aware of the threat and managed to put together an army of his own. The two armies met at Ascalon where the Muslim army was defeated by the much smaller Christian force. This was the last battle of the First Crusade. Godfrey died in July 1100 possibly from typhoid. His brother Baldwin became the next King of Jerusalem.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1099  Jul 15  Crusaders take Jerusalem Jerusalem
   The Crusaders take Jerusalem and Godfrey of Bouillon becomes King of Jerusalem.14 
  Aug 12  Battle of Ascalon
   The last battle of the First Crusade was fought between the Christians and Muslims at Ascalon. Led by Godfrey of Bouillon, the king of Jerusalem, the heavily out-numbered Christian army used their heavy armour to good affect. The Muslim army consisted mainly of Egyptians intent of driving the Christians out of Jerusalem.14 
1100  Jul 18  Godfrey of Bouillon dies Jerusalem
   Godfrey of Bouillon died just a year after the crusaders had captured Jerusalem. Agreeing who should succeed Godfrey as ruler of Jerusalem was not easy. The head of the Church in Jerusalem, Dagobert of Pisa, claimed that the Church itself should rule and as he was its representative he should have the job. Godfrey's brother, Baldwin of Edessa, had other ideas and travelled to Jerusalem with an army to claim the throne.15 
  Dec 25  Baldwin I becomes king of Jerusalem Jerusalem
   Supported by an army of over a thousand men, Baldwin claimed the throne of Jerusalem. Baldwin of Edessa was Godfrey's brother and he claimed the throne as his heritage. Baldwin was crowned on Christmas Day at Bethlehem. 
       Godwine (Earl of Wessex) Died: 1053 
ing Canute gave Godwine the title of Earl of Wessex and Godwine very quickly rose to be extremely powerful. In 1042 Edward the Confessor married Godwine's daughter Edith and from then on the Earl more or less ran the country. He opposed Edward's Norman advisors and in 1051 the Godwines revolted against the king. Edward expelled them from the country and at about the same time he promised William (the Conqueror) that he could have a claim to the English throne after Edward died. This may have been a ploy by Edward to prevent the Godwines claiming the throne themselves. In 1052 the Godwines, including Harold Godwinson, invaded England with a large army and Edward had to reinstate them to their former positions. Godwine died in following year.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Godwine (Earl of Wessex) ( - d.1053)
     +Gytha
          =Godwineson, Sweyn ( - d.1052)
          =HAROLD (II, Godwinson, King of England 1066) (b.1022 - d.1066)
          =Tostig (Earl of Northumbria) ( - d.1066)
          =Gyrth (Earl of East Anglia) ( - d.1066)
          =Leofwine (Earl of Kent and Essex) ( - d.1066)
          =Edith (Daughter of Godwine)
               +EDWARD (The Confessor, King of England 1042-1066) (b.1003 - d.1066)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1035  Nov 12  Canute dies Shaftesbury
   King Canute died at Shaftesbury leaving the rule of the country in dispute between Harthacnut (the son of Emma) and Harold Harefoot (the son of Aelfgifu). The Earls of Northumbria and Mercia supported Harold's claim while Earl Godwine supported Harthacanute's. 
1036    Alfred is murdered by Godwine
   Both Edward the Confessor and Alfred, his younger brother, came to England at different times during this year to try and take back the English throne. Edward's attempt failed. Some time later Alfred landed in England but his army was met by Earl Godwine and was defeated. Alfred was captured and killed by the Earl. 
1045  Jan  Edward marries
   Edward married Edith, the daughter of Earl Godwine. Godwine was then in an extremely powerful position being related to the King of England. 
1051    Edward expels the Godwine family Dover
   An incident occurred when Eustace II Count of Boulogne visited Edward the Confessor, his brother-in-law. The incident occurred in Dover where a fight broke out between the Norman visitors and the locals. Several people were killed. The area of Dover was under the control of the Godwine family and Edward the Confessor, who blamed the people of Dover for the fight, told Godwine to deal with them. Godwine refused to obey Edward's order and in response Edward raised an army and forced the Godwine family into exile. 
1052  May  Godwines invade England London
   Godwine, Earl of Wessex, his son Harold and a large fleet sailed up the Thames to London forcing Edward to reinstate them into their previous positions of power. 
1053  Apr  Harold becomes Earl of Wessex
   Godwine, Earl of Wessex, died and Harold inherited his title. 
       Godwineson, Sweyn Died: 1052 
weyn was the first son of Godwine, Earl of Wessex.
See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Godwine (Earl of Wessex) ( - d.1053)
Mother:  Gytha 
Godwineson, Sweyn ( - d.1052)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1049    Sweyn exiled for murder
   Sweyn Godwineson was exiled from England by Edward the Confessor to Flanders for murdering his own cousin, Earl Beorn. 
1050    Sweyn pardoned
   Sweyn Godwineson was pardoned and allowed to return to England. 
       Gough, Matthew Born: circa 1386 Died: Jul 1450 
Welsh soldier who fought as a captain in France for Henry VI. See timeline for more information
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1450  Mar 15  Siege of Valognes Valognes, Normandy
   An English army landed at Cherbourg under the command of Sir Thomas Kyriel. Joined by forces led by Matthew Gough the combined army laid siege to Valognes. The town fell to the English in April. 
  Apr 15  Battle of Formigny Formigny, Normandy
   An English army under the command of Sir Thomas Kyriel and Matthew Gough were attacked at Formigny in Normandy. The English were defeated and many of them were captured including Kyriel. Matthew Gough managed to escape.16 
  May 16  Bayeux surrendered to the French Bayeux, Normandy
   English forces led by Matthew Gough held out at Bayeux against a French siege. The French used powerful cannons and finally Gough agreed to surrender the town to the French.16 
  Summer  Matthew Gough made Captain of the Tower Tower of London
   On his return from Normandy Matthew Gough was made Captain of the Tower of London. Gough was killed in the fighting with Jack Cade and the rebels on London Bridge soon afterwards.16 
       Grey, Catherine (Lady)  
ady Catherine Grey was the granddaughter of Mary, the younger sister of Henry VIII. Catherine's elder sister, Lady Jane, was involved in an attempt to take the English throne by force and was executed. Catherine had a good claim to the English throne and at one point could have become Queen of England if Queen Elizabeth had died.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Grey, Henry (Duke of Suffolk) ( - d.1554)
Mother:  Frances (Lady) 
Grey, Catherine (Lady)
       Grey, Henry (Duke of Suffolk) Died: 1554 
enry married Frances the granddaughter of Mary a daughter of Henry VII. Henry and Frances had several daughters one of which was Lady Jane Grey. At the end of the reign of Edward VI Henry and Jane's father-in-law John Dudley, the Duke of Northumberland, plotted against Mary Tudor, Edward's sister, to place Jane on the throne of England. The plot failed and after another failed rebellion Henry was captured and executed.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Grey, Henry (Duke of Suffolk) ( - d.1554)
     +Frances (Lady)
          =Grey, Jane (Lady) (b.1537 - d.1554)
          =Grey, Catherine (Lady)
       Grey, John (Sir) Died: Feb 1461 
ir John was the owner of the Bradgate estate and had considerable wealth. He was Lancastrian by inclination. Elizabeth Woodville married Sir John in 1457. The couple had two sons and life seemed to be good, but Sir John was killed in the second battle of St Albans in 1461 and Elizabeth returned to Grafton, to the family home, with her sons.

Family Tree Details
Grey, John (Sir) ( - d.1461)
     +Woodville, Elizabeth ( - d.1492)
       Gruffydd, David ap (Welsh Prince) Died: 1283 
avid was the brother of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, the Prince of Wales.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1282  Easter  Another Welsh Uprising
   David, Llewelyn's brother, rose up in revolt. Llewelyn, even though he had sworn fealty to Edward, joined his brother in the fight against the English. 
  Mar  Hawarden Castle captured by the Welsh
   David ap Gruffydd attacked and took control the castle at Hawarden. The constable, Roger de Clifford, was captured during the attack. 
1283  Jun  David of Wales captured Shrewsbury Castle
   David the brother of Llewelyn was handed over to the king by his own supporters who had already surrendered. He was taken to Shrewsbury Castle where a Parliament met and sentenced him to death by execution.17 
  Oct 3  David ap Gruffydd is executed
   David was found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death. His punishment for betraying the King was to be drawn, hanged and quartered. 
       Gruffydd, Rhys ap (Lord Rhys) Died: 1197 
hys ap Gruffydd was a prince of Wales and lived during the reign of Henry II. He is generally known as Lord Rhys. Lord Rhys found favour with Henry II and was granted Cardiganshire in south Wales.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1171    Cardiganshire granted to Lord Rhys
   Henry II granted territories of south Wales including Cardiganshire to Rhys, the Prince of Wales.8 
1190    Kidwelly Castle rebuilt
   A new castle was built at Kidwelly by Rhys ap Gruffydd, The Lord Rhys.10 
       Gundulf Died: 1108 
nown as the 'weeping monk of Bec'. Gundulf came across from Normandy after the Conquest with Lanfranc. Gundulf was well known and admired for his building skills and Lanfranc used Gundulf to rebuild his Cathedral. In 1077 Gundulf was made Bishop of Rochester and a year later William the Conqueror used Gundulf's skill in the construction of the White Tower, the keep of the Tower of London.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1077    Gundulf consecrated as Bishop of Rochester Rochester Cathedral
   Gundulf became Bishop of Rochester, remaining there for thirty years and where he is buried. 
1078    Work starts on the White Tower Tower of London
   Gundulf began work on the White Tower, the Tower of London.18 
1108    Death of Gundulf Rochester Cathedral
   Gundulf's thirty year career of magnificent castle and cathedral design and construction came to an end with his death. His plans for the reconstruction of Rochester Cathedral were left incomplete. It was not until 1115 that construction work was to resume under the direction of Ernulf.13 
       Guthrum (King of the Danes -890) Died: 890 
s leader of the Danes, Guthrum invaded Britain. Guthrum was defeated by Alfred at Exeter and signed a peace treaty, but Guthrum attacked Wessex and drove Alfred from power in 878. Alfred rebuilt his army and defeated Guthrum at the Battle of Edington. Alfred converted Guthrum to Christianity and gave him land as part of Danelaw.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
875    Danes move against the north. Cambridge
   Led by Halfdan the Danes moved north to attack the Picts and the area of Strathclyde. The Danes divided Northumbria taking York for themselves and creating the area known as Danelaw. A second Danish King called Guthrum took his army back south to Cambridge where he prepared plans to attack Wessex.19 
876    Danes defeated in the south Poole Habour
Exeter Cathedral
Gloucester Cathedral
Wareham
   Led by Guthrum, an army of Danes moved to Wareham in Dorset where they were met by a new army from the sea who landed at Poole. Alfred trapped the army and demanded hostages in return for a peaceful settlement. The Danes divided, half fleeing to Exeter where they besieged the town while the other half escaped in their ships but were drowned in heavy seas. Those at Exeter were forced to surrender and were moved up to Gloucester.19 
878  Jan  The Danes take the advantage Chippenham
   After Exeter. Alfred was hoping that trouble with the Danes was over, but again led by Guthrum, an army headed for Alfred at his Chippenham residence. Alfred fled under overwhelming odds leaving Chippenham in the hands of the Danes. 19 
  Apr  Battle of Edington Chippenham
Edington
   Alfred called for his men to form an army and attack the Danes. He ordered the army to meet at a location known as Egbert's Stone and seven weeks after Easter an army was formed. Once formed the army quickly moved towards Guthrum and the Danes and the two armies met at Edington. The battle at Edington was won by Alfred and the Danes retreated to Chippenham. The Danes were surrounded and surrendered. Guthrum along with several other high ranking members of the Danish army were converted to Christianity under Alfred's sponsorship. Guthrum and Alfred agreed on peace terms and the Danes returned to their holdings in East Anglia known as the Danelaw.19 
890    Guthrum dies
   Guthrum died in 890 and his peace agreements with Alfred were maintained by his successor. 
Selection of references used:

1. Peter Potter, Data Donation
2. Caroline Bingham, The Life and Times of Edward II
3. A.R.Myers, England in the late middle Ages
4. John Gillingham, The Life and Times of Richard I, 1974
5. The Plantagenet Chronicles, 1-85501-685-0
6. David Charles Douglas, William the Conqueror: the norman impact upon England
7. Peter Earle, The Life and Times of Henry V
8. John Timbs & Alexander Gunn, Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North), 1872
9. Timbs & Gunn, Abbeys, Castles & Ancient Halls of England & Wales
10. Mike Salter, Castles of South-West Wales
11. John Kinross, Discovering Castles in England and Wales
12. Mike Salter, Castles of Gwent, Glamorgan and Gower, 1-871731-61-5
13. T. Francis Bumpus, The Cathedrals of England and Wales, 1934
14. Alan & Veronica Palmer, Pimlico Chronology of Britsh History, 0-7126-7331-8
15. Edward Burman, The Templars, Knights of God, 0-85030-396-6
16. H.T. Evans, Wales and the Ware of the Roses, ISBN 0-905-778-278
17. Jean Powie, Eleanor of Castile, 0 947731 79 2
18. E.B.D'Auvergne, The English Castles, 1926
19. Ronald McNair Scott, Alfred the Great, 0 86332 832 6

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