TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With H

Born:
Died: 876

One of the leaders of the army of Vikings that landed in 866.

See Also

Episode: Viking Invasions

Time Linked People

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865		The 'Great Army' invade
		A large army of Danes landed in East Anglia led by King Ivar the 'Boneless' and King Halfdan. No attempts were made to get rid of the invaders.
867		The Danes invade Northumbria and York
		The Danes led by the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok, Ivar the boneless and Halfdan, attacked Northumbria and York. They wanted revenge for the death of their father who had been killed by Aella, the King of Northumbria. (Aella could have been an Irish Prince.) The Danes destroyed many churches and monasteries including Whitby Abbey. The monasteries remained ruined for two hundred years.
872		Ivar the Boneless dies
		Ivar 'the Boneless', the king of Dublin died. He was succeeded by his brother Halfdan.
875		Danes move against the north.
		Led by Halfdan the Danes moved north to attack the Picts and the area of Strathclyde. The Danes divided Northumbria taking York for themselves and creating the area known as Danelaw. A second Danish King called Guthrum took his army back south to Cambridge where he prepared plans to attack Wessex.

Hamilton, James (2nd earl of Arran)

Born:
Died: Jan 1575

James Hamilton was descended from James I and James II of Scotland. Arran became regent of Scotland when James V of Scotland died in 1542. James V's daughter Mary became Queen of Scotland but she was only a few days old so the earl took control of Scotland.

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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1542	Dec 14	Death of James V of Scotland
		The defeat of the Scottish army at Solway Moss a few weeks earlier is supposed to have shocked James V so much that he died. His daughter Mary was only a week or so old when he died and she became queen, known as Mary Queen of Scots. James Hamilton, Earl of Arran became regent of Scotland as Mary was too young to rule.
1548	Qtr 1	Queen Mary moved to Dumbarton Castle
		To comply with the agreement to marry Mary to the French Dauphin, the young queen was moved from Inchmahome Priory to Dumbarton Castle on the banks of the River Clyde on the west of Scotland. It was here that she waited before sailing to France.
	Aug 13	Queen Mary arrives in France
		Queen Mary arrived in France. Four girls all also called Mary and coming from noble families were chosen to accompany the Queen. Known as the 'Four Maries' the girls were Mary Beaton, Mary Fleming, Mary Livingston and Mary Seton. They landed, possibly, at Roscoff on the north-west coast of France.
1558	Apr	Betrothal of Mary and Dauphin Francis
		An agreement was reached between the Scottish commissioners and the French king Henry II for the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis, the Dauphin of France. The terms of the agreement allowed the Scots to maintain their traditional rights and would become united with France when Francis became King of France. It was also agreed that if Mary died without having children the Scottish throne would go to the Earl of Arran.

Hardrada, Harold

Harold (or Harald) Hardrada (or Hardraada) became King of Norway in 1047 when Magnus of Norway died. Harold invaded Britain in September of 1066. His forces had been added to by Tostig the exiled Earl of Northumbria. They sailed into the Humber and attacked Yorkshire. At the battle of Gate Fulford Harold and Tostig defeated Edwin, Earl of Mercia and Morcar (Tostig's brother and now Earl of Northumbria). A few days later at the battle of Stamford Bridge King Harold defeated Harold Hardrada and Tostig who were both killed.

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Mini Timeline

1047		Magnus of Norway dies
		Magnus, King of Norway and Denmark, died in this year. Magnus had stated that Harold Hardrada should become King of Norway after his death.
1066	Sep 20	Battle of Gate Fulford
		Harold Hardrada's forces invaded and started ravaging the countryside as they made their way to York. English forces led by Earl Edwin and Earl Morcar battled with Harold Hardrada at Gate Fulford, but the English were severely beaten. Following this defeat Harold, King of England, was forced to march his army away from the south coast where they were preparing to defend against William the Conqueror's invasion to deal with the invasion in the north.
	Sep 25	Stamford Bridge Battle
		King Harold II defeated the invasion threat from Harold Hardrada, King of Norway and his own brother Tostig, both of whom were killed. This stretched his forces to the limit as they quickly had to march south to defend against William of Normandy's invasion at Hastings.

HAROLD (Harefoot, King of England 1037-1040)

HAROLD (II, Godwinson, King of England 1066)

HARTHACNUT (King of England 1040-1042)

Henry ('the Young King')

Born: 1155
Died: 1183

The second son of Henry II, king of England.

Family Tree Details
Father: HENRY (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189)
Mother: Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204)
Henry ('the Young King') (b.1155 - d.1183)
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1155 Feb 28 Henry the Young King is born
Eleanor gave birth to Henry at Bermondsey Palace in London.
1183 Jun The Young King dies
Henry II's son Henry, crowned as the Young King, died of dysentery and Richard became heir to the English throne.

HENRY (I, King of England 1100-1135)

Henry (I, King of France 1031-1060)

Born:
Died: 1060

Henry was the son of the King of France Robert the Pious and Constance of Arles. As Henry's older brother had died, Henry became King of France when his father died in July of 1031. Henry ruled France from 1031 until his death in 1060. Henry's younger brother Robert, supported by their mother Constance, had designs on the French throne. This led to conflicts between the brothers but was resolved in 1034 when Henry gave Robert the title of Duke of Burgundy. Henry tried to take control of Normandy, the area to the north of his own lands that cut him off from the sea. Henry was defeated twice by William the Duke of Normandy who would later become William the Conqueror. Henry was defeated in 1054 at the battle of Mortemer and again in 1057 (or 1058) at Varaville.

Family Tree Details
Father: Robert (The Pious, King of France 996-1031) ( - d.1031)
Mother: Constance (of Toulouse / Arles)
Henry (I, King of France 1031-1060) ( - d.1060)
+Anne (of Kiev) =Hugh Magnus =Philippe (I, King of France 1060-1108) ( - d.1108) +Bertha (of Frisia, Holland) | =Louis (VI, The Fat, King of France 1108-1137) (b.1108 - d.1137) +Bertrada (of Montfort)
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1031		Robert the Pious dies
		Robert, the King of France, died and was succeeded by his son Henry.
1041		Truce of God
		France had descended into what is now known as the 'Anarchy of Feudalism' . Law had broken down and the Earls and Barons lived in fortified castles. Many of these lords robed from the surrounding land to make themselves rich. It was extremely dangerous to travel even on the main roads. Famines were common and trading had almost stopped. To stop the deterioration the Church introduced the Truce of God. The truce outlawed any kind of fighting from Thursday evening to Monday morning.
1054		Battle of Mortemer
		Battle fought between Henry, the King of France, and William, the Duke of Normandy. Henry wanted to take control of the Normandy area which was preventing the French access to the English Channel. The Normans defeated the French.
1057		The Battle of Varaville
		Another battle fought between Henry, the King of France, and William, the Duke of Normandy. Again the Normans defeated the French King's army.
1060		Henry, King of France, dies to be followed by Philippe
		Henry I King of France died. His son, Philippe, became King although he was only eight years old. France was administered by Baldwin one of Philippe's uncles.

HENRY (II, King of England 1154-1189)

Henry (II, King of France 1547-1559)

Son of Francis I, King of France.

See Also

Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560)

Mini Timeline

Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1558	Apr	Betrothal of Mary and Dauphin Francis
		An agreement was reached between the Scottish commissioners and the French king Henry II for the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis, the Dauphin of France. The terms of the agreement allowed the Scots to maintain their traditional rights and would become united with France when Francis became King of France. It was also agreed that if Mary died without having children the Scottish throne would go to the Earl of Arran.
1559	Jun	Henry II killed druing a tournament
		Henry II, the French king was accidentally killed during a tournament celebrating a wedding. He was succeeded by his son Francis II.

HENRY (III, King of England 1216-1272)

HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413)

Henry (Lord Darnley)

Born: 1546
Died: 1567

Grandson of Margaret Tudor, the daughter of Henry VII, King of England. Lord Darnley married Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots even though they were closely related sharing the the same grandmother.

Family Tree Details
Henry (Lord Darnley) (b.1546 - d.1567)
+Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1587) =James (VI of Scotland, 1567-1625, from 1603 James I of England) (b.1566 - d.1625)
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Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland)

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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1565	Jul 29	Mary Stuart marries Lord Darnley
		Mary, Queen of Scots, married Henry Lord Darnley in the chapel at Holyrood House. Henry then became King of Scotland but in title only as Mary still held all the power of the monarch.
1567	Feb 10	Murder of Lord Darnley
		Henry, Lord Darnley, was murdered as he tried to escape from his attackers as they laid gunpowder in his house. His house was destroyed in the explosion. The culprit was thought to be the Earl of Bothwell who was then very close to Queen Mary and it may have been the Queen herself who ordered the killing.

Henry (of Blois, Bishop of Winchester)

Third son of Stephen, count of Blois, and Adela the daughter of William the Conqueror.

Family Tree Details
Father: Stephen (count of Blois)
Mother: Adela (Daughter of William the Conqueror) ( - d.1137)
Henry (Bishop of Winchester)
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Mini Timeline

1155		Farnham Castle demolished
		Orders were given to destroy the central tower at Farnham Castle. The castle belonged to Henry, Bishop of Winchester who was the brother of King Stephen.
1171	Aug 8	Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, dies
		Henry of Blois died.

Henry (of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster)

Born: 1300
Died: 1361

Henry worked for Edward III as a soldier and diplomat during the early years of the Hundred Years War. He had inherited his wealth from his father, the Earl of Lancaster. In France Henry increased his income by obtaining a licence to mint coins and through a monopoly over salt in Poitou. He was made a Duke in 1351. When he died he had no male heir and his wealth went to his daughter, Blanche. Blanche married John of Gaunt, a son of Edward III.

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1351		Henry of Gosmont becomes Duke of Lancaster
		Edward III makes Henry the Duke of Lancaster.

Henry (Son of Edward I)

Born: 1268
Died: Oct 1274

Died at the age of six.

Family Tree Details
Father: EDWARD (I, King of England 1272-1307) (b.1239 - d.1307)
Mother: Eleanor (of Castile) (b.1241 - d.1290)
Henry (Son of Edward I) (b.1268 - d.1274)
See Also

Eleanor (of Castile)

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Henry (V of Germany)

Family Tree Details
Henry (V of Germany)
+Matilda (Daughter of Henry I)
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HENRY (V, King of England 1413-1422)

HENRY (VI, King of England 1422-1461, 1470-1471)

HENRY (VII, King of England 1485-1509)

HENRY (VIII, King of England 1509-1547)

Herbert, William

Born:
Died: 1469

William Herbert was the son of William ap Thomas, both of whom owned Raglan Castle. William Herbert, like his father came into wealth by taking AN active role in supporting the Kings of their time. William Herbert supported King Edward IV during the War of the Roses and was to become Earl of Pembroke in recognition of his achievements. He was knighted in 1452, fought with Edward at Mortimer's Cross and after the victory was made chief justice of south Wales as well as Baron Herbert of Raglan. In 1462 he became a knight of the garter, and in 1467 chief justice of north Wales. It was at Raglan and into the care of William Herbert and his wife that the welfare of Henry (VII) the future King of England was placed. William and his brother Richard were captured at the battle of Edgecote and executed.

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1461	Nov	Pembroke Castle in Yorkist hands
		William Herbert was given the castle at Pembroke in recognition of his assistance to Edward IV. Herbert was made the guardian of the future Henry VII who was living at the castle.
1469	Jul 26	Battle of Edgecote
		Edward's army was insufficient to deal with the rebels alone and he had moved them to Nottingham to wait for a larger army to join them led by Sir William Herbert. Pembroke's army was attacked and defeated by a combined rebel army led by Robin of Redesdale and the Earl of Warwick who had returned from France. The battle took place at Edgecote near Banbury. Sir William Herbert and his brother Richard were captured and executed.

Hereward (The Wake)

Hereward was involved in a rebellion against William the Conqueror between 1070 and 1071. After sacking the abbey at Peterborough, Hereward found refuge on the Isle of Ely where he was joined by Morcar, the Earl of Northumbria. In 1071 William attacked and put down the rebellion.

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1070	Jun	Hereward the Wake sacks Peterborough Abbey
		As part of a revolt against the new Norman invaders, Hereward the Wake sacks the abbey at Peterborough.
1071		William puts down the revolt
		The rebels Hereward the Wake and Morcar on the Isle of Ely were attacked and defeated by William the Conqueror.

Herleva

Herleva and Duke Robert I of Normandy were the parents of William the Conqueror but were not married. Herleva married Herluin de Conteville after the death of Robert I and had two sons, Odo and Robert who were to become Bishop of Bayeux and Count of Montain respectively. Herleva died some time after 1050 and was buried at the abbey of Grestain founded by Herluin near the Seine.

Family Tree Details
Herleva
+Robert (I, Duke of Normandy 1027-35) ( - d.1035) | =WILLIAM (I, the Conqueror, King of England 1066-1087) (b.1028 - d.1087) | +Matilda (of Flander) ( - d.1083) | =Robert (II, Duke of Normandy 1087-1106) ( - d.1134) | =Richard (Son of William the Conqueror) | =WILLIAM (II, Rufus, King of England 1087-1100) (b.1057 - d.1100) | =Henry Plantagenet (I, King of England 1100-1135) (b.1068 - d.1135) | | +Matilda Edith (of Scotland) | | | =William (Adelin) (b.1103 - d.1120) | | | =Matilda (Daughter of Henry I) | | +Adeliza (of Louvain) | =Cecilia (Daughter of William the Conqueror) | =Constance (Daughter of William the Conqueror) | =Adela (Daughter of William the Conqueror) ( - d.1137) | +Stephen (count of Blois) | =Theobald (V) | =Stephen (of Blois, king of England 1135-1154) (b.1100 - d.1154) | =Henry (Bishop of Winchester) +Herluin (de Conteville) =Odo (Bishop of Bayeux) ( - d.1097) =Robert (Count of Mortain) (b.1060 - d.1095)
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Herluin (de Conteville)

Herluin was a lord of moderate income and some land on the south side of the river Seine. Some time after Robert I Duke of Normandy and Herleva had William I (the Conqueror), Herluin became married to Herleva. This may have been a marriage of convenience to provide for Herleva. Herleva and Hurluin's son Odo was made bishop of Bayeux and after 1066 he ruled England when William was in Normandy.

Family Tree Details
Herluin (de Conteville)
+Herleva =Odo (Bishop of Bayeux) ( - d.1097) =Robert (Count of Mortain) (b.1060 - d.1095)
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Howard, Catherine

Catherine Howard was the fifth wife of Henry VIII. Catherine had been a lady-in-waiting to Anne of Cleves and had come to the attention of Henry. She was much younger than Henry who was now almost fifty and had gained a lot of weight. The marriage took place only weeks after Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled in July of 1540. Catherine soon tired of the king and began a series of affairs with men nearer her age. Two of these were Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham. Word of the adultery finally reached Henry who at first refused to believe the news. Catherine and her lovers were arrested and found guilty of treason. Catherine was executed on the 13th of February 1542.

Family Tree Details
Catherine Howard
+HENRY (VIII, King of England 1509-1547) (b.1491 - d.1547)
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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1540	Jul 28	Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Howard
		Just weeks after the marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled Henry married Catherine Howard.
1542	Feb 13	Catherine Howard executed
		Found guilty of adultery and therefore treason, Catherine Howard was sentenced to death and was executed.

Humphrey (Duke of Gloucester)

Born:
Died: 23 Feb 1447

Family Tree Details
Father: HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) (b.1367 - d.1413)
Mother: Bohun, Mary
Humphrey (Duke of Gloucester) ( - d.1447)
See Also

Episode: Henry VI and Joan of Arc

Time Linked People

Mini Timeline

1422	Sep 1	Henry VI becomes king
		Henry VI became king of England upon the death of his father. Henry was less than one year old when his father died and so England was governed by Henry V's brothers, John, Duke of Bedford and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.
1435	Sep 14	Duke of Bedford dies
		John, Duke of Bedford, died in Rouen. Henry was still too young to rule and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, took over as regent until Henry was old enough to rule England unaided. Gloucester was not popular and was the cause of unrest with Parliament.
1447	Feb 23	Death of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
		Humphrey the Duke of Gloucester died.