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Mini Timeline
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| 1198 |
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Innocent III becomes Pope
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| 1199 |
Feb |
Teutonic Knights
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The Order of the Teutonic Knights is approved by Pope Innocent III.
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| 1206 |
Dec |
The Pope chooses Stephen Langton for Canterbury
| Canterbury Cathedral
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Although the monks of Canterbury wanted their own sub-prior for the post of Archbishop and King John wanted John de Gray, Pope Innocent III chose Stephen Langton. Langton was originally from Lincolnshire but after teaching in Paris had moved to Rome where he had become a Cardinal. The monks of Canterbury accepted the Pope's decision and voted Langton in as the new Archbishop. King John did not agree.1 |
| 1207 |
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Stephen Langton becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
| Canterbury Cathedral
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Stephen Langton was chosen as Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Innocent III.2 |
| 1209 |
Nov |
John excommunicated by the Pope
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King John is excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. |
| 1211 |
Summer |
Excommunication served
| Nottingham Castle
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In Northampton the Papal legate Pandulf served King John with his excommunication ordered by the Pope. For John this was a serious blow to his ability to rule the country as it absolved the King's subjects from their oaths of allegiance, gave the Barons reason to revolt and allowed the King of France to invade England to remove John from power.1 |
| 1212 |
Nov |
John accepts Pope's demands
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Taking the advice of William Marshal John accepted the demands of the Pope and that Stephen Langton should become Archbishop. A peace mission was also sent to the Pope.1 |
| 1213 |
Jul |
Excommunication lifted
| Winchester |
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When King John agreed to meet Stephen Langton at Winchester he was absolved from excommunication.1 |
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Sep 26 |
Pope's envoy arrives in England
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Cardinal Nicholas De Romanis arrived in England to prepare for the settlement of the Interdict. John's punishment was to pay 100,000 marks to compensate the church for the losses he had caused it.1 |
| 1214 |
Jun 29 |
Interdict lifted
| Canterbury Cathedral
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At St. Paul's Cathedral, in London, the Interdict was finally lifted.1 |
| 1215 |
Mar 4 |
John takes oath for Crusade
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Hoping to gain the support of the Pope against the Barons, John took the oath to go on Crusade.1 |
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Apr 1 |
Pope sides with John
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Pope Innocent III sent a letter to the Barons asking them to halt their actions against John.1 |
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Aug 24 |
The Magna Carta is annulled
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Pope Innocent III annulled the Magna Carta freeing King John from its limitations. The Pope annulled the charter on the grounds that the King only signed it because he was forced to and that the document was illegal. The Pope was prepared to support John against the rebel barons because he wanted him to take a key role in a new crusade. |
| 1216 |
Jul 18 |
Honorius III elected as the new Pope
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Pope Innocent III died on July 16 and two days later in Rome the cardinals elected Honorius III as the Pope. |
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Isabella (of Castile, Wife of Ferdinand II) |
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 sabella was the wife of Ferdinand, King of Aragon, and the mother of Catherine of Aragon who would marry Henry VIII.
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Mini Timeline
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Isabella (of France, Wife of Edward II, she-wolf of France) |
Died: 1358 |
 aughter of Philippe IV the king of France. Isabella married Edward II of England in 1308 and their eldest son became Edward III. Isabella was unhappily married to Edward and through a rebellion in 1327 had him imprisoned and ultimately executed and so she became know as the she-wolf of France. Isabella believed that because she was the daughter of Philippe IV and all her brothers had died without producing a male heir she had a claim to the French throne. Her son Edward III was to pursue this claim a few years later starting the 'Hundred Years War'.
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| Family Tree Details |
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 Isabella (of France, Wife of Edward II, she-wolf of France) ( - d.1358)
+EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327) (b.1284 - d.1327)
=EDWARD (III, King of England 1327-1377) (b.1312 - d.1377)
| +Philippa (of Hainault) ( - d.1369)
| =Edward (The Black Prince) (b.1330 - d.1376)
| | +Joan (of Kent) ( - d.1385)
| | =RICHARD (II, King of England 1377-1399) (b.1367 - d.1400)
| = Isabella (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1382)
| =Joan (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1348)
| =William (Son of Edward III)
| =Lionel (of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence) ( - d.1368)
| | +Elizabeth (de Burgh) ( - d.1363)
| | =Philippa (daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence)
| =John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) ( - d.1399)
| | +Blanche (of Lancaster) ( - d.1369)
| | | =HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) (b.1367 - d.1413)
| | | =Philippa, (daughter of John of Gaunt)
| | | =Elizabeth (daughter of John of Gaunt)
| | +Constance (of Castile) ( - d.1394)
| | | =Katherine (of Lancaster) (b.1372 - d.1418)
| | +Swynford, Catherine
| | =Beaufort, John (1st Earl of Somerset) ( - d.1410)
| | =Beaufort, Henry (Bishop of Winchester) ( - d.1447)
| | =Beaufort, Thomas (Duke of Exeter) ( - d.1426)
| | =Beaufort, Joan (daughter of John of Gaunt) (b.1379 - d.1440)
| =Edmund (of Langley, Duke of York) ( - d.1402)
| | +Isabella (of Castile)
| | =Edward (Duke of York) ( - d.1415)
| | =Richard (Earl of Cambridge) ( - d.1415)
| =Mary (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1362)
| =Margaret (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1361)
| =Thomas (of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester) ( - d.1397)
=John (Earl of Cornwall) ( - d.1336)
=Joan (Daughter of Edward II)
| +David (II, King of the Scots 1329-1371) ( - d.1371)
=Eleanor (Daughter of Edward II)
+Reginald (Duke of Guelderland)
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Mini Timeline
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| 1308 |
Jan 25 |
Edward marries
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Edward II married Isabella of France, the daughter of King Philippe IV of France. The marriage took place at Boulogne and Edward left Gaveston as Regent in his absence. Edward alienated the Lords by placing Gaveston in such a powerful position.3 |
| 1312 |
Qtr 1 |
Edward looks to Scotland for help
| Canterbury Cathedral
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Gaveston's return to England forced the Archbishop of Canterbury to honour his threat of excommunication and the Earls to prepare for civil war against the king. Edward and Gaveston travelled to Scotland to seek help from Robert the Bruce but were not welcome. At Tynemouth the King and Gaveston took a boat to Scarborough leaving behind them everything including Isabella, Edward's wife. Gaveston took refuge at Scarborough Castle and Edward went to York.3 |
| 1315 |
Aug |
Birth of John of Eltham
| Eltham Palace |
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While staying at Eltham Palace, Queen Isabella gave birth to a son called John and known as John of Eltham. |
| 1319 |
Sep 20 |
Battle of Myton
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While the best of the English army were at Berwick, a Scottish army led by Sir James Douglas invaded Yorkshire. With an untrained army the Archbishop of York, William Melton, tried to fight off the Scots but was defeated at Myton-in-Swalesdale. With the Scots threatening their lands in the north the earls, with Edward at Berwick, abandoned the siege and returned to their homes. Queen Isabella who was in York at the time managed to escape to safety at Nottingham. |
| 1321 |
Oct |
Siege of Leeds Castle
| Leeds Castle
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Edward was forced to lay siege to Leeds Castle after an incident involving his wife Queen Isabella. The Queen had wanted to stay at the castle while travelling to Canterbury but was refused entry by the owners wife. The owner of the castle, who was not there at the time, was Lord Badlesmere, a supporter of Lancaster. When Isabella's men tried to gain access to the castle, some of them were killed. On hearing of the problem, Edward took an army to the castle and after a week broke the siege. Several of the Marcher Lords began to march into England in support of Lord Badlesmere. They only got as far as Kingston-upon-Thames when the siege ended. Edward then had every excuse to engage the Marcher Lords in their act of rebellion.3 |
| 1322 |
Oct |
Edward almost captured
| Rievaulx Abbey
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After returning from Scotland, Edward and Queen Isabella rested at Rievaulx Abbey in Yorkshire. The Scots were still nearby and met the English army led by the Earl of Richmond near Old Byland. The Scots defeated the English army and Edward had to flee to escape capture. Isabella too escaped.3 |
| 1325 |
Mar |
Isabella leaves for France
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Isabella travelled to France to see King Charles IV her brother. Her mission was to bring to an end the disputes over land between France and England. The King agreed to the English reclaiming the lands of Gascony and Ponthieu as long as Edward came to Paris and paid homage. In Paris Isabella met Roger Mortimer who had recently escaped from the Tower of London. She fell in love with him.3 |
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Sep 21 |
Prince Edward is captured
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Prince Edward met Charles IV and paid him homage. The French king gave the Prince the title of Duke of Aquitaine and informed the English King that the French were going to retain the Agenais, an area of southwest France. Prince Edward had effectively been captured and his mother, Isabella the English Queen, had begun the plans of removing her husband from the throne of England.3 |
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Nov |
Edward commands Isabella to return
| Palace of Westminster |
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At a Parliament called to discuss the situation in France, it was decided to send a petition to Isabella for her return to England. She refused. In France, her brother the King had become annoyed with Isabella's conduct. Isabella left France and went to the court of William II, Count of Hainault who assisted her with preparations to invade England. A promise was made to marry Prince Edward, now Duke of Aquitaine to William's daughter Philippa.3 |
| 1326 |
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Threat of invasion
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Preparations were made in England for the threatened invasion from Isabella. Preparations were made difficult because Hugh Despensers was so unpopular.3 |
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Spring |
Marriage arranged between Edward and Philippa
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Isabella arranged the future marriage between her son Edward and Philippa the daughter of William count of Hainault. Isabella claimed part of Philippa's dowry in advance so that she could finance her invasion of England.4 |
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Sep |
Isabella and Mortimer land to take the throne
| Orwell |
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Isabella, the wife of Edward II and her supporters including Mortimer landed at Orwell in Suffolk. Their aim was to remove Edward II from his throne and place Prince Edward there as the new king. Isabella had no problem in raising an army from those opposed to the King and they advanced on London. Although Edward was in the Tower of London the rest of London was against him and he decided to leave the city and head west with his supporters including the Despensers and the Earl of Winchester. |
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Oct |
Prince Edward is declared Keeper of the Realm
| Bristol |
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Isabella entered Bristol and was welcomed by the citizens there. The Earl of Winchester who had taken to the castle decided the best action was surrender. He was executed on the 27th of October as a traitor. |
| 1358 |
Aug 23 |
Death of Queen Isabella
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Queen Isabella, the wife of Edward II and the mother of Edward III died on the 22nd or 23rd of August. |
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Isabella (of Hainault) |
Died: 1190 |
aughter of Baldwin V of Hainault. Isabella married Philippe II, king of France. Their son was Louis VIII, king of France.
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Selection of references used:
1. Maurice Ashley, The Life and Times of King John 2. Richard Barber, The Devil's Crown 3. Caroline Bingham, The Life and Times of Edward II 4. Hubert Cole, The Black Prince, 1976, 0 246 10778 2
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