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Lanfranc (Archbishop of Canterbury 1070-89) Langton, Stephen
Leofric (Bishop of Exeter) Leofric (Earl of Mercia)
Leofwine (Earl of Kent and Essex) Lionel (of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence)
Llewelyn ap Gruffydd Llewelyn ap Iorwerth
Longchamp, William Longsword, William
LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis) Louis (The Pious)
Louis (VI, The Fat, King of France 1108-1137) Louis (VII, The Young, King of France, 1137-1180)
Louis (VIII, The Lion, King of France 1223-1226) Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316)
Louis (XI, King of France 1461-1483) Louis (XII, King of France)
Lucy, Richard de Lulach (Scottish King)


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       Lanfranc (Archbishop of Canterbury 1070-89) Died: 1089 
anfranc was an Italian trained in law who became a Benedictine monk at Bec in Normandy. His abilities were noticed by William of Normandy who made him the abbot for his abbey of St. Stephen at Caen. Lanfranc moved to England after the Conquest and in 1070, when Archbishop Stigand was deposed by a Church Council and excommunicated, he was appointed the new Archbishop of Canterbury. Lanfranc was highly regarded by the King and when William had to do back to Normandy to put down rebellions Lanfranc was trusted to run England. He held several great Councils that changed and shaped the English Church.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1070    Lanfranc becomes Archbishop of Canterbury Canterbury Cathedral
   William the Conqueror placed Lanfranc in the position of Archbishop of Canterbury a move designed to strengthen his hold on the English throne. Thomas of Bayeux, a pupil of Odo (William's brother), was put in the position of Archbishop of York after the death of Ealred who died on September 11, 1069. Archbishop Stigand was imprisoned in Winchester. 
1071 - 1077 Canterbury Cathedral rebuilt by Lanfranc Canterbury Cathedral
  Canterbury Cathedral was rebuilt at this time by Archbishop Lanfranc. The Cathedral was based on the design of his abbey in Caen. 
1072  Feb  Council of Winchester Winchester Cathedral
   Lanfranc held a Church council at Winchester where the reorganisation of Bishops and Bishoprics war confirmed. Canterbury was also confirmed as the head of the English Church rather than York. 
1075    Council of London London
   At the Council of London Archbishop Lanfranc instigated the movement of many English Bishoprics to more important locations. One of these was the Bishopric of Sherborne and Wilton which moved to Old Sarum. 
1087  Sep 26  William II (Rufus) crowned at Westminster Westminster Abbey
   William II (Rufus) was crowned at Westminster by Archbishop Lanfranc after the death of his father William the Conqueror. 
1088  Spring  William Rufus calls for support
   William Rufus had insufficient men at his disposal to deal with the rebellion in the south-east as there were too many ports to guard. The King called the representatives of the fyrd (the ordinary people of the country organised into an army) to a meeting in London where, with the support Lanfranc, he promised the people better laws and the removal of unfair taxes if they supported him against the rebels. The people agreed and together with the King they captured the castle at Tonbridge after a two day siege.1 
1089  May 24  Lanfranc dies Canterbury Cathedral
   After the death of Archbishop Lanfranc William Rufus held open the post of Archbishop of Canterbury for four years taking the revenues for his own purposes. 
1093    Anselm Becomes Archbishop of Canterbury Canterbury Cathedral
   Anselm became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1093 succeeding Lanfranc. The post of Archbishop of Canterbury had been held open by William Rufus so that he could collect for himself the church's income. Anselm died in 1109. 
       Langton, Stephen Died: 1228 
rchbishop of Canterbury. After the death of Hubert Walter, king John wanted John Gray, bishop of Norwich as the new archbishop. The bishops and monks instead voted Reginald, the prior of Canterbury. John forced the election of Gray, but pope Innocent III did not agree and held a vote between Gray and Reginald that ended in a draw. The pope chose Langton instead.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1206  Dec  The Pope chooses Stephen Langton for Canterbury Canterbury Cathedral
   Although the monks of Canterbury wanted their own sub-prior for the post of Archbishop and King John wanted John de Gray, Pope Innocent III chose Stephen Langton. Langton was originally from Lincolnshire but after teaching in Paris had moved to Rome where he had become a Cardinal. The monks of Canterbury accepted the Pope's decision and voted Langton in as the new Archbishop. King John did not agree.2 
1207    Stephen Langton becomes Archbishop of Canterbury Canterbury Cathedral
   Stephen Langton was chosen as Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Innocent III.3 
  Aug  The Pope threatens an Interdict
   The Pope threatened King John with the sentence of Interdict unless he accepted Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. An Interdict meant that church services would be banned in England except for baptisms and confessions. 2 
1208  Spring  Interdict served by the Pope
   With King John still refusing to accept Langton as Archbishop the Pope served the sentence of Interdict on England. In response King John confiscated church property. 2 
1209    Langton lands at Dover Dover Castle
   Stephen Langton landed in England from France to see King John and take the position of Archbishop of Canterbury. John refused to meet with him although John did meet Stephen's brother Simon.2 
1212  Nov  John accepts Pope's demands
   Taking the advice of William Marshal John accepted the demands of the Pope and that Stephen Langton should become Archbishop. A peace mission was also sent to the Pope.2 
1213  Jul  Excommunication lifted Winchester
   When King John agreed to meet Stephen Langton at Winchester he was absolved from excommunication.2 
1215  May 27  A truce is sought
   Stephen Langton and William Marshall attempted to get the Barons and John to meet and find a settlement to the civil war. 2 
  Jun 15  John's Great Charter (the Magna Carta) Runnymede
   A large number of barons, led by Stephen Langton the archbishop of Canterbury, meet King John on an island in the Thames at Runnymede. They forced the king to sign the 'Great Charter' or Magna Carta that would limit the power of the monarchy. The barons insisted that the old feudal contract should be reinstated and that the king should abide by the laws that the rest of the population did. The feudal contract allowed the barons to run their own lands, renting it from the king but paying rent by supplying knights rather than money. This feudal system had been set up by William the Conqueror.4 
1221    Hubert de Burgh
   Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, travelled to Rome and left Hubert de Burgh in charge of affairs of the country. 
1224  Qtr 1  Henry reclaims castles
   All those castles that had been taken from King John were claimed back by Henry. Henry did not want to have untrustworthy Barons in control of strong castles. Fawkes de Breaute, one of the castle occupiers refused to relinquish his castle(s) and started a short rebellion. Stephen Langton and Hubert de Burgh dealt with Fawkes and the castles were handed over. (Need to find out which castles) 
1228    Stephen Langton dies
   On the death of Stephen Langton, the archbishop of Canterbury, the Pope, attempting to raise as much money from the clergy in England filled senior posts in the clergy with anyone who bidded the highest.4 
       Leofric (Bishop of Exeter) Died: 1072 
eofric was the first Bishop of Exeter after the see had been moved from Crediton.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1050    See of Devon and Cornwall moved to Exeter Exeter Cathedral
   The See of Devon and Cornwall had been located at Crediton in Devon but in 1050 Edward the Confessor moved the See to Exeter. This moved the cathedral from an obscure location to a more important one. Edward gave the new Bishopric to Leofric. 
       Leofric (Earl of Mercia) Died: 1057 
eofric rose to power during the reign of Canute and Edward the Confessor. He became the Earl of Mercia and controlled large parts of the Midlands. He supported Edward against the Godwines. He appears to have been quite religious as there are records of him founding abbeys at Coventry and Wenlock. Leofric died in 1057.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1035  Nov 12  Canute dies Shaftesbury
   King Canute died at Shaftesbury leaving the rule of the country in dispute between Harthacnut (the son of Emma) and Harold Harefoot (the son of Aelfgifu). The Earls of Northumbria and Mercia supported Harold's claim while Earl Godwine supported Harthacanute's. 
1040    A new minter at Much Wenlock Wenlock Priory
   Earl Leofric builds a new Minster on the site of older religious buildings at Much Wenlock. 
1043    Leofric founds Coventry Abbey Coventry Cathedral
   Leofric and his lady Godgifu found the Abbey on the site of Coventry Cathedral. Godgifu may have been the famous Lady Godiva who rode naked through the streets of Coventry to save the townsfolk from paying high taxes. 
       Leofwine (Earl of Kent and Essex) Died: 1066 
on of Godwine, Earl of Wessex. Died at the Battle of Hastings.
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Family Tree Details
Father:  Godwine (Earl of Wessex) ( - d.1053)
Mother:  Gytha 
Leofwine (Earl of Kent and Essex) ( - d.1066)
       Lionel (of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence) Died: 1368 
on of Edward III.
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Family Tree Details
Father:  EDWARD (III, King of England 1327-1377) (b.1312 - d.1377)
Mother:  Philippa (of Hainault) ( - d.1369) 
Lionel (of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence) ( - d.1368)
     +Elizabeth (de Burgh) ( - d.1363)
          =Philippa (daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence)
               +Mortimer, Edmund (3rd Earl of March) ( - d.1381)
                    =Mortimer, Roger (4th Earl of March) (b.1374 - d.1398)
                    |    +Holland, Eleanor (Wife of Roger, Earl of March)
                    |         =Mortimer, Edmund (5th Earl of March) (b.1391 - d.1425)
                    |         =Mortimer, Anne (daughter of Roger, Earl of March)
                    =Mortimer, Edmund ( - d.1409)
                         +Glendower, Katherine
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1338  Nov 29  Lionel born to Queen Philippa Antwerp, Belgium
   Queen Philippa gave birth to another son. The child was born in Antwerp.5 
       Llewelyn ap Gruffydd Died: 11 Dec 1282 
n 1255 Llewelyn ap Gruffydd became the most powerful Welsh leader in the north west of Wales. It was not long before he had the support of the other Welsh lords and in 1258 became the 'Prince of Wales'.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1255    Llewelyn rules North Wales
   Llewelyn ap Gruffudd declared himself ruler of North Wales. 
1256  Sep  The Welsh invade the coastal plains
   Under their leader, Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, the welsh invaded the northern coastal areas that had agreed to English rule. Edward (I), who had been given the areas to administer himself by his father Henry III asked his father for help but Henry refused. 
1257    Henry and Edward reclaim the Lost Territories
   Henry III relents to his son's demands for assistance to fight the Welsh and joins him on a campaign to retake the territories lost to the Welsh under Llewelyn. 
1258  Mar  Llewelyn becomes 'Prince of Wales'
   Llewelyn received the support of the native lords in Wales and declared himself the 'Prince of Wales'. Under him, a united Welsh nation was ready to defend itself from the English. 
1260    Tenby Castle attacked
   Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, the 'Prince of Wales' attacked the castle at Tenby. 
1267    Treaty of Shrewsbury
   Agreement between Henry III and Llewelyn, Prince of Wales. Henry recognised Llewelyn's position as Prince of Wales in return for a regular payment. Also known as the Treaty of Montgomery. 
1275    Revolt of Llewelyn of Wales
   Llewelyn had consistently failed to do homage to Edward. He had been paying sums of money to the English crown as agreed in the Treaty of Shrewsbury drawn up in 1267 but after the death of Henry III the payments had stopped. Edward's repeated demands for a meeting with Llewelyn were ignored. In an attempt to stir up internal problems in England Llewelyn sent to France for Eleanor de Montfort who had been promised to him as a bride for his support of Henry III in the Baronial revolt against the English King. Eleanor was captured by the English on the journey and was then held prisoner by Edward. Edward finally had to accept Llewelyn as a rebel and so began his war on the Welsh. Feudal levies were called for June 1277. This meant that an army was to be raised via the feudal system to supports the King's war with the Welsh.6 
1276    Edward's war with the Welsh begins
   Before the main army could be assembled Edward ordered that the Marchers and the smaller permanent forces attached to the royal household were to be sent out in three detachments. Although not much headway was made in the north the south and central districts abandoned their allegiance to Llewelyn. Roger Mortimer was able to force Llewelyn to retreat from Powys northwards. It was soon clear that the only area the Llewelyn had any control over was the north of Wales.6 
1277    Aberystwyth Castle rebuilt Aberystwyth Castle
   Reconstruction of the castle at Aberystwyth was begun by the English during Edward I's conflict with Llewelyn ap Gruffydd.7 
  Jun  Feudal levies
   Edward I called for feudal levies to be collected to pay for his war against the Welsh prince who had repeatedly refused to pay him homage. 
  Nov 10  Edward defeats Llewelyn Rhuddlan Castle
   Llewelyn was cut off from supplies and an escape route so had to accept defeat. Edward demanded payment of £50,000 and all of Llewelyn's territories. Llewelyn was left only with the Isle of Anglesey which he had to pay rent of £1,000 a year. Edward also demanded that Anglesey should be handed in the case that Llewelyn died without a male heir. Llewelyn swore fealty to Edward at Rhuddlan on November 10th and again at a ceremony at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day. 
1278  Oct 13  Llewelyn marries Eleanor Worcester Cathedral
   With peace between Edward and Llewelyn, the marriage between Llewelyn and Eleanor de Montfort was allowed to continue. The marriage took place at Worcester and was attended by Edward.6 
1282  Easter  Another Welsh Uprising
   David, Llewelyn's brother, rose up in revolt. Llewelyn, even though he had sworn fealty to Edward, joined his brother in the fight against the English. 
  Nov 6  English defeated Menai Straight
   Luke de Tany, on the side of the English, had taken control of Anglesey. The plan was attack the Welsh rebels from the north and so a bridge of boats was constructed across the Menai Straits that separate Anglesey from Wales. The Welsh were waiting for the English in force and the English plan failed. Many of the English knights drowned when the boat bridge was destroyed.6 
  Dec 11  Llewelyn killed
   Whilst fighting in the south of Wales Llewelyn was killed. He had moved to the rear of his army feeling secure with the way the war was progressing. A detachment of English found a way across the river Wye which Llewelyn was using for protection and moved around the rear of the Welsh army where the Prince was. Before Llewelyn could rejoin his army he was cut down and killed. His head was cut off and taken to the King Edward. Llewelyn's brother David carried on the fight against the English for another six months. 
1283    Dolwyddelan Castle captured Dolwyddelan Castle
   After the death of Lleweyln Edward was free to occupy all the previous strongholds of the Welsh Princes. In 1283 Edward attacked and captured the Welsh castle at Dolyyddlan. 
       Llewelyn ap Iorwerth Died: 1240 
lewelyn the Great was the supreme leader of the Welsh Lords during the early years of Henry III's reign.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1215    Llewellyn captures Abervagenny Castle
   The castle at Abervagenny was captured from King John's forces by Llewellyn.8 
    Llewellyn captures Cilgerran Castle
   Llewellyn's fight against the Normans continued with the capture of Cilgerran Castle.7 
1220    Llewelyn raids Pembrokeshire
   Llewelyn, the Prince of Wales, began raiding Pembrokeshire to retake land that he accused William Marshall, the younger, of stealing.1 
1222    William the younger retakes his castles
   Llewelyn, the Prince of Wales, had captured the castles at Carmarthen and Cardigan but both were recaptured by William Marshall, the younger.1 
1223    Cilgerran Castle recaptured
   William Marshall, the younger, recaptured the castle at Cilgerran from Llewelyn ap Iorwerth. 
1233    Earl of Pembroke's revolt
   Richard, Earl of Pembroke in alliance with Llewelyn of Wales join forces to fight Henry III. (Details required).9 
       Longchamp, William  
t the end of 1189, William Longchamp was given the position of Justiciar and the task of administering the affairs of England by Richard I, the Lionheart while he was away on Crusade. Longchamp was a Norman, the chancellor and Bishop of Ely. The reason that Richard appointed Longchamp was to prevent his brother John from taking the English throne for himself. Richard also elected his four year old nephew, Arthur of Brittany as heir to the throne and ordered John to stay away from England for three years, but at the end of 1190 John returned to England and began a campaign against Longchamp. Longchamp was not popular with the Barons and it was easy for John to gain support against him. Even though Richard I was in Sicily, he learnt of the conflict back in England and sent Walter de Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen to investigate and deal with the problem. Longchamp was deposed and Walter took his place as Justiciar.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1189 - 1199 Building work commences at the Tower
  While Richard I was away on Crusade, William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely and Chancellor ordered the enlargement of the bailey surrounding the keep Tower in London. A new ditch and bank were constructed with a new section of curtain wall. 
1191    John opposes William Longchamp
   John began a campaign opposing William Longchamp who had been appointed administrator of England by Richard I while he was away on Crusade. 
  Oct 6  Tower of London siege Tower of London
   Bishop William Longchamp held the Tower of London against Prince John's supporters for only three days. The Bishop surrendered the Tower and escaped to continue his support for King Richard.10 
       Longsword, William  
r William Longespee. William was the illegitimate son of Henry II and became the earl of Salisbury after marrying the heiress to the earldom of Salisbury in 1198. William supported king John during his reign, including defeating the French fleet in 1213 preparing to invade.

Family Tree Details
Father:  Henry (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189)
Mother:  Illegitimate 
Longsword, William
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1232    Lacock Abbey founded
   Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire was founded by Ela, Countess of Salisbury, the widow of William Longespee, the son of Henry II.11 
       LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis) Died: 25 Aug 1270 
fter Jerusalem fell in August 1244, Louis took the cross in December. He set sail for his base in Cyprus four years later and landed in Damietta in June 1249. The attempt to reach Cairo failed due to disease and the Crusade was abandoned. Louis was taken prisoner and had to pay a large ransom to be freed.
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Family Tree Details
Father:  Louis (VIII, The Lion, King of France 1223-1226)
Mother:  Blanche (of Castile) (b.1188 - d.1252) 
LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis) ( - d.1270)
     +Margaret (of Provence)
          =Philippe (III, King of France 1270-1285) ( - d.1285)
               +Isabella (of Aragon)
                    =Philippe (IV, The Fair, King of France 1285-1314) ( - d.1314)
                    |    +Joan (of Champagne)
                    |         =Isabella (of France, Wife of Edward II, she-wolf of France) ( - d.1358)
                    |         =Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) ( - d.1316)
                    |         =Philippe (V, the Tall, King of France 1316-1322) ( - d.1322)
                    |         =Charles (IV, the Fair, King of France 1322-1328) ( - d.1328)
                    =Charles (Count of Valois, Anjou and Maine)
                         +Margaret (of Anjou, m. Charles Valois)
                              =Philippe (VI, King of France 1328-1350) ( - d.1350)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1226    Louis IX becomes King of France
   At twelve years old, upon the death of his father, Louis IX became king of France.12 
1226 - 1234 Blance of Castile rules France
  When Louis IX became king of France he was too young to rule. His mother, Blance of Castile, ruled France on his behalf. 
1244  Aug  Jerusalem falls.
   With the fall of Jerusalem and the crushing defeat of the Christian armies at Gaza, Louis IX took the cross and prepared for a Crusade. (It took him four years to set sail).13 
1248 - 1254 The Seventh Crusade (1248-54)
  After the Christians were defeated at Gaza in 1244, Louis IX of France (St. Louis) took the cross. He actually managed to set sail for Cyprus, his base some four years later. Landing at Damietta in June 1249, Louis, he to wait until the Nile floods had reduced before continuing for Cairo. Held up and cut off from Damietta, Louis' camp was struck with disease and most were killed or captured. Louis was taken prisoner, and had to pay a ransom to be freed.14 
1248 - 1252 Blance of Castile rules France
  While her son, Louis IX of France, was away taking part in the Crusades Blance of Castile ruled France. She did this until her death in 1252.15 
1258  May 11  Treaty of Corbeil
   A treaty between Louis IX of France and James I of Aragon. Both sides gave up ownership of certain lands in exchange for peace. 15 
1259  Dec 4  Treaty of Paris
   Also known as the treaty of Albeville/Abbeville. A treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III in which Henry agreed to the loss of Normandy, Maine, Anjou and Poitou. These areas had been lost under the reign of King John. Henry was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine. This won Henry the support of Louis IX of France against the rebellious Barons back in England. 
1264  Jan 23  The Mise of Amiens
   Louis IX held a court at Amiens to decide if Henry should be freed from the obligations forced upon him by the Provisions of Oxford in 1258 by the Barons. Louis agreed that Henry should be freed and ruled against the Barons. 
1270  Jul 20  The Eighth Crusade
   Louis IX once again set out on Crusade, not to the east but towards Tunis. Charles, the brother of Louis, influenced the direction as Charles had plans in the East (?). At Cathage in July, the plague broke out and in August Louis died. 13 
1297  Aug  Louis IX is canonised
   Pope Boniface VIII made King Louis IX of France a saint of the Church twenty seven years after his death whilst on crusade.15 
       Louis (The Pious) Died: 840 
ouis was the son of Charlemagne and succeeded as the ruler of the Franks after Charlemagne's death in 814. Louis was also the King of Aquitaine. He had several sons and attempted to divide his land between them but the divisions lead to disputes and caused civil wars.
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YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
814  Jan 28  Charlemagne dies
   Charlemagne lived into his early seventies but after an illness he died and was buried in the basilica that he had built in Aachen. Charlemagne was succeeded by Louis the Pious who was the only surviving legitimate son.16 
840    Death of Louis the Pious
   Louis the Pious died leaving the Frankish Empire in a state of civil war due to the continuing disputes over land by his sons. 
       Louis (VI, The Fat, King of France 1108-1137) Born: 1108 Died: 1137 
ouis VI was born in around 1081 to Philippe I, king of France and Bertha of Holland. He was brought up on physical exercise and was a great eater and drinker hence his nickname. His youth was spent fighting, firstly the Normans in Vexin and then resolving disputes in Chartres and Agincourt. When he became king in 1108 he was mature and ready to rule. The monk Suger, who designed the basilica of St. Denis, was a great supporter of Louis and documented his life in great detail.

Louis' most important act was the defeat of the joint attack from England and Emperor Henry V in 1124. Louis was saved by the fast action of the vassals who organised huge numbers of men to move against the threat. Emperor Henry V actually turned back before engaging the French.

Louis arranged the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to his son, the future Louis VII, in an attempt to increase the territories his family could own. The Duke of Aquitaine possessed a quarter of France. Louis died in 1137 shortly after arranging the marriage and was succeeded by his son Louis.

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Family Tree Details
Father:  Philippe (I, King of France 1060-1108) (b.1052 - d.1108)
Mother:  Bertha (of Frisia, Holland) 
Louis (VI, The Fat, King of France 1108-1137) (b.1108 - d.1137)
     +Adelaide (of Savoy) ( - d.1154)
          =Louis (VII, The Young, King of France, 1137-1180) (b.1121 - d.1180)
          |    +Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204)
          |    |    =Mary (of Champagne) (b.1145 - )
          |    |    =Alice (Daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine) (b.1150 - )
          |    +Constance (of Castile)
          |    |    =Alys (Daughter of Louis VII)
          |    |    =Margaret (Young Queen of England) (b.1158 - d.1197)
          |    |         +Henry ('the Young King') (b.1155 - d.1183)
          |    +Adela (of Champagne) (b.1145 - d.1206)
          |         =Philippe (II Augustus, King of France 1180-1223) (b.1165 - d.1223)
          |              +Isabella (of Hainault) ( - d.1190)
          |              |    =Louis (VIII, The Lion, King of France 1223-1226)
          |              +Ingeborg (of Denmark)
          |              +Agnes (of Meran) ( - d.1201)
          |                   =Philip (of Boulogne) ( - d.1235)
          =Philip (of France) (b.1116 - d.1131)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1108    Louis VI becomes King of France
   Louis VI, the Fat, became king of France, upon the death of his father Philippe I.12 
1124    Louis prevents war
   Louis VI with the help of his vassals, mobilizes a huge number of men, to avert a joint invasion from England and the Emperor Henry V.12 
1129  Apr 14  Coronation of Philip of France Rheims Cathedral
   Following the Capetian tradition of the French Kings, King Louis VI of France had his eldest son Philip of France crowned at Rheims Cathedral. Philip then became joint ruler of France.15 
1137    Louis VII becomes King of France
   Louis VII became king of France, upon the death of his father Louis VI.12 
       Louis (VII, The Young, King of France, 1137-1180) Born: 1121 Died: 1180 
ouis was the second son of Louis VI. The eldest was killed in childhood. Louis VII married Eleanor of Aquitaine. The marriage was arranged by his father in the attempt to bring the two regions of France and Aquitaine together. Eleanor had a strong will and may have steered Louis' actions which brought him in conflict with both Pope and St. Bernard over matters of the Church. Eleanor also had an amorous nature the king could not trust and when on Crusade, Louis insisted Eleanor went along too. In Antioch in March 1148 Eleanor had an affair with Raymond of Poitiers who was her uncle. Back in France in 1149 Louis wanted to annul the marriage, but Suger looking after the country while Louis had been away, advised him not to. In March 1152 after Suger died, Louis annulled the marriage. This was a disaster for France as Eleanor married Henry, the Count of Anjou who would become Henry II King of England. Henry accepted being Louis' vassal and even sent his sons Richard and John, both who would become king of England to pay homage to Louis. Louis and Henry had conflicts, one being Thomas Becket archbishop of Canterbury who Louis gave asylum to. Louis died in 1180 and was succeeded by his son Philippe Augustus.
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Family Tree Details
Father:  Louis (VI, The Fat, King of France 1108-1137) (b.1108 - d.1137)
Mother:  Adelaide (of Savoy) ( - d.1154) 
Louis (VII, The Young, King of France, 1137-1180) (b.1121 - d.1180)
     +Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204)
     |    =Mary (of Champagne) (b.1145 - )
     |    =Alice (Daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine) (b.1150 - )
     +Constance (of Castile)
     |    =Alys (Daughter of Louis VII)
     |    =Margaret (Young Queen of England) (b.1158 - d.1197)
     |         +Henry ('the Young King') (b.1155 - d.1183)
     +Adela (of Champagne) (b.1145 - d.1206)
          =Philippe (II Augustus, King of France 1180-1223) (b.1165 - d.1223)
               +Isabella (of Hainault) ( - d.1190)
               |    =Louis (VIII, The Lion, King of France 1223-1226)
               |         +Blanche (of Castile) (b.1188 - d.1252)
               |              =LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis) ( - d.1270)
               +Ingeborg (of Denmark)
               +Agnes (of Meran) ( - d.1201)
                    =Philip (of Boulogne) ( - d.1235)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1137    Louis VII becomes King of France
   Louis VII became king of France, upon the death of his father Louis VI.12 
  Apr  Stephen goes to Normandy
   King Stephen sailed to Normandy to confront Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou and the Angevins who were attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen had come success he was not able to deal fully with the count. Stephen did come to an agreement with the French King Louis VII and Eustace, Stephen's son, paid homage to the French king for Normandy.17 
1147  Jun  Louis VII joins the Crusade
   Declaring Abbot Suger regent of France, Louis VII and Eleanor began their Crusade. 
1148  Jun 24  Damascus attacked Acre
   The decision was made to attack Damascus. The armies were assembled in Acre. Present were Baldwin, the Patriarch Fulcher, Kings Louis and Conrad, Archbishops of Caesarea and Nazareth, Masters of the Knights Temple and Hospital.18 
1151    War in Normandy
   Louis VII, the king of France, was not happy with Henry's new position as Duke of Normandy. Louis declared war on Henry. The dispute was sent to arbitration in Paris (who by - probably Knights Templar) and was resolved by Henry doing homage to Louis for Normandy and giving France the area of Vexin. 
1152  Mar 11  Divorce of Louis VII and Eleanor
   The marriage of King Louis VII of France and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine was annulled. The reason for the divorce was given as consanguinity which means both Louis and Eleanor shared a common ancestor but the marriage had never been a happy one and Eleanor had been accused of adultery while accompanying Louis on crusade to the Holy Land in 1149.17 
  May  Henry marries Eleanor
   Only two months after Eleanor of Aquitaine's marriage to Louis VII, king of France was annulled, she married Henry of Anjou - future king of England - Henry II.19 
  Qtr 3  Henry defends his position
   After marrying Eleanor Henry came under attack by Louis, Eleanor's previous husband, who did not recognise Henry as the new Duke of Aquitaine. Stephen sent troops and his son Eustace to help Louis against Henry. Henry's younger brother, Geoffrey, was also not happy with the situation and joined the quarrels. Henry moved quickly attacking Louis and capturing Geoffrey to secure his position as Duke. 
1159  Summer  Henry II moves on Toulouse
   Henry claimed the area around Toulouse in the name of his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, He invaded the region and advanced on the city of Toulouse. Louis VII of France was unhappy with Henry's increasing power and took an army to Toulouse to prevent the English king entering the city. Henry was Louis' vassal and backed down from a confrontation. 15 
1165  Aug 21  Birth of Philip Augustus
   The future king of France was born.15 
1169  Jan 6  Becket submits to Henry
   Henry II of England, Louis VII of France and Becket met at Montmirail; Becket submitted to Henry excepting only on point, and negotiations failed (7.1); a second meeting took place (7.2) at St. Leger-en-Yvelines, and a papal ultimatum served on Henry..20 
1174  Aug  Siege of Rouen
   From the middle of July King Louis of France, Henry the Young King and Philip the count of Flanders had surrounded the city of Rouen. The city had held out against the war engines. Henry II arrived at Rouen in the middle of August to rescue the city. The besiegers were fearful that Henry II would invade France and the siege was lifted.17 
  Oct 11  Henry II reaches a peace agreement Falaise
   After a year and a half of rebellion against him, Henry II achieved peace agreements with Louis the French king and his own three sons. (Treaty of Falaise?)17 
1179  Nov 1  Philip II of France crowned Rheims Cathedral
   Following the Capetian tradition of the French Kings, King Louis VII of France had his eldest son Philip crowned at Rheims Cathedral. Philip then became joint ruler of France.15 
1180  Sep 18  Philippe Augustus takes the French throne
   Philippe II, Augustus succeeds to the French throne after the death of his father.12 
       Louis (VIII, The Lion, King of France 1223-1226)  
See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Philippe (II Augustus, King of France 1180-1223) (b.1165 - d.1223)
Mother:  Isabella (of Hainault) ( - d.1190) 
Louis (VIII, The Lion, King of France 1223-1226)
     +Blanche (of Castile) (b.1188 - d.1252)
          =LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis) ( - d.1270)
               +Margaret (of Provence)
                    =Philippe (III, King of France 1270-1285) ( - d.1285)
                         +Isabella (of Aragon)
                              =Philippe (IV, The Fair, King of France 1285-1314) ( - d.1314)
                              =Charles (Count of Valois, Anjou and Maine)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1215  Oct  Baron's war
   After the Magna Carta was annulled and it was clear that John was not going to agree to the terms of the charter the civil war between King John and the rebel barons started. The barons offered the English crown to Prince Louis, the son of King Philippe II of France and invited him to invade England. John confiscated the rebel barons' lands and gave them to his own supporters. King John besieged Rochester Castle where a garrison of men had been left by the barons. The garrison was starved out and the castle fell to the King. 
1216  Feb  Small French fleet land in London
   A small French army landed in London. Their commander informed the rebel barons that Prince Louis would soon arrive from France. 
  May 21  Prince Louis of France claims English Throne Rochester Castle
   Invited by the barons opposed to king John, Prince Louis of France landed in England to claim the English Throne. Louis captured Rochester Castle after a short siege. 
  Jun  Prince Louis advances across England Winchester
   Prince Louis advanced on Winchester and captured the city and its castle. Elsewhere, Windsor Castle and Dover Castle were besieged by the rebel barons. Both castles were defended and held out against the sieges. King John used Corfe Castle in the south-west as his base of operations while he planned his campaign against the rebel barons and Prince Louis. 
  Sep  William of Cassingham
   A man called William of Cassingham, possibly known as Willekin of the Weald, supported King John against the invaders and attacked the rebel barons and French in whatever means he could using a form of guerrilla warfare.1 
1217    Porchester castle captured
   Prince Louis captured and almost destroyed the castle at Porchester. 
  Apr  Siege of Mountsorrel Castle
   Royalists besieged the French controlled Mountsorrel Castle in Lincolnshire. When Louis sent reinforcements to assist those in the castle the royalists moved away to Nottingham. The French army then made the mistake of moving on to Lincoln where the royalists had held out against previous attacks.1 
  May 20  Battle of Lincoln Lincoln Castle
   Henry III's supporters defeated the forces belonging to Prince Louis and the rebel barons that were besieging the castle at Lincoln. 
1223    Louis VIII becomes King of France
   Louis VIII became king of France, upon the death of his father Philippe Augustus.12 
1226    Louis IX becomes King of France
   At twelve years old, upon the death of his father, Louis IX became king of France.12 
       Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) Died: May 1316 
ouis, the eldest son of Philippe the Fair became king of France in 1314, but his reign was only to last eighteen months. During his short reign there were many riots and street fights. Examinations of the treasury found them bare and inquests into the state of the finances led to the hanging of many of Philippe's advisors. They had paid large amounts of money to people Philippe was in debt to. Louis married Clemence, the daughter of King Charles I of Hungary in August 1315 and was soon expecting his son. Louis died in May 1316 after falling ill. Poisoning was suspected but not proven.

Louis was succeeded by his brother Philippe.

 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Philippe (IV, The Fair, King of France 1285-1314) ( - d.1314)
Mother:  Joan (of Champagne) 
Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) ( - d.1316)
     +Margaret (of Burgundy) (b.1290 - d.1315)
     |    =Joan (II, of Navarre) ( - d.1349)
     +Clemence (of Hungary)
          =John (I, King of France 1316) (b.1316 - d.1316)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1314  Nov 29  Philippe IV, the Fair dies, and is succeeded by Louis X
   Philippe, King of France, died of a hunting accident within the same year as the deaths of the Knight Templar leaders at the stake. His was succeeded by his eldest son Louis X.12 
1316  Nov 15  Birth of John I King of France
   As soon as he was born John became the King of France. His father, Louis X, had died several months before his birth. 
  Nov 20  Death of King John of France
   Only five days after his birth the King of France died. John's uncle Philippe, who had been acting as regent, became King of France. 
       Louis (XI, King of France 1461-1483)  
ing Louis XI, the spider, supported Henry VI the Lancastrians and he supported invasions of England against Edward IV. In 1440, before he became king of France, Louis plotted against his own father, King Charles VII, in what is known as the Praguerie. The plot led by French nobles wanted to remove Charles from the throne of France. The uprising was crushed and Charles forgave his son for the part he played. Louis' continued plotting against the King and his ministers led to his appointment as governor of a region called Dauphiné. Louis ruled his domain as if it were an independent state, collecting taxes and minting coins. In 1456 Charles sent an army to Dauphiné when Louis refused to submit to the King's authority. Louis fled to the court of Philip, the Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good) and was granted an allowance and the castle of Genappe. Louis married Margaret, the daughter of James I, King of Scotland. But after her death in 1445 Louis annoyed his father by marrying the daughter of the Duke of Savoy without the King's approval. Charles VII died in July of 1461 after a long illness resulting in an abscess in the mouth that meant he could not eat or drink. Louis had refused to see his dying father, but as soon as he learnt of the King's death Louis headed to Rheims and Paris to claim the French throne.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Louis (XI, King of France 1461-1483)
     +Margaret (Stewart) ( - d.1445)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1461  Jul 22  Death of Charles VII Rheims Cathedral
   Charles VII died in July of 1461 after a long illness resulting in an abscess in his mouth that meant he could not eat or drink. Louis, his on, had refused to
see his dying father, but as soon as he learnt of the King's death Louis headed to Rheims and Paris to claim the French throne.21 
  Aug 15  Louis XI crowned King of France Rheims Cathedral
   Louis and his wife were crowned at Rheims Cathedral. 
1462  Jun 28  Queen Margaret and Louis XI Calais, France
   Queen Margaret of England and Louis XI of France sign a treaty. Margaret promised that Calais would be his if he helped her return Henry to the throne.20 
1464  May  Edward secretly marries
   Edward married Elizabeth Woodville (Wydville) secretly during a hunting trip. The hunting trip that may have been arranged as a cover. Edward is supposed to have had a reputation as a lady's man and had many lovers. To Edward, Elizabeth could have been just another lover, but Elizabeth may have wanted more and persuaded Edward to marry her. The marriage took place in secret and was kept quiet until the spring of 1465. One problem with the marriage was that Elizabeth was the widow of Henry V's brother John, a Lancastrian and her family were Lancastrian supporters. The other problem was that Warwick had contacted the French king Louis XI and had been trying to arrange a marriage for Edward to a French princess. Edward's act upset Warwick's plans. 
1470  Jul 22  Warwick and the Lancastrians Angers Cathedral
   Louis XI, the French King devised a plan to remove Edward IV from the English throne. Louis persuaded the Earl of Warwick (a Yorkist) and Margaret of Anjou the exiled wife of Henry VI (a Lancastrian) to combine forces and attempt to over through Edward. Warwick and Margaret met on 22 July at Anger Cathedral to put their differences aside and to agree on a course of action. 
1475  Jul  Edward invades France
   Edward's plans to unseat the King of France led to his invasion of France with a force of 10,000 men. He had been promised assistance from the Dukes of Brittany and Burgundy, and the King of Aragon. Unfortunately the Burgundian army did not turn up due to another conflict and Edward was left without sufficient men to proceed. 
  Aug  Peace treaty signed
   Louis and Edward agreed to a peace treaty to last seven years. The agreement signed at the Treaty of Picquigny meant Louis was to pay Edward an initial sum to leave France and a smaller yearly sum there-after. The French also paid a ransom to free Margaret of Anjou who had been held by the English since the Battle of Tewkesbury. 
1482    Treaty of Arras
   Not to be confused with a treaty of the same name in 1435. This treaty was signed by Louis XI of France and Maximillian of Austria. It was agreed that Charles, the son of Louis, would marry Margaret, the daughter of Maximillian. Margaret's intended dowry (what she would have brought as a gift to her husband) included the counties of Artios and Burgundy. The marriage though would not take place.17 
1483  Aug 30  Death of Louis XI
   Louis XI had suffered from a series of strokes that had left him partially paralysed since 1480 and a further stroke in August of 1483 was the final one. He died a few days later. Louis had two daughters and a son. Before his death, Louis had declared that Charles, his son, should be the next King of France but because Charles was in poor health and had been given a poor education Louis specified that Anne, his eldest daughter, should act a regent until Charles was able to rule unaided.21 
       Louis (XII, King of France) Died: 1 Jan 1515 
ouis became King of France when Charles VIII died.
See Also

Family Tree Details
Louis (XII, King of France) ( - d.1515)
     +Anne (of Brittany) ( - d.1514)
     +Mary (Daughter of Henry VII) (b.1495 - d.1533)
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1498  Apr 7  Death of Charles VIII of France
   Charles VIII of France died due to complications occurred after banging his head on a low doorway as he walked through a dimly lit Amboise Castle. He was succeeded by Louis XII. 
1500  Apr 17  Louis XII enters Milan Milan, Italy
   After his success at the battle of Novara Louis XII was able to take control of the city of Milan and it's surrounding area.22 
1514  Aug  Louis XII marries Princess Mary
   A peace treaty was negotiated by Thomas Wolsey with France. One of the terms was that Louis XII of France would marry Princess Mary, the younger sister Henry VIII. Louis died only a few months later. 
  Aug  English - French peace treaty
   Wolsey negotiated a peace treaty between England and France whereby Louis XII married Henry's younger sister Mary and had to pay Henry pension money owed to him under the treaty of Etaples. Peace should be maintained not less than a year after the first of them should die. 
1515  Jan 1  Death of Louis XII
   Louis XII died at the age of 52 leaving Mary a widow. His nephew, Francis, became the next king of France. 
       Lucy, Richard de  
onstable of the Tower of London from 1153 and later Justiciar of England.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1153    Richard de Lucy becomes Constable of the Tower Tower of London
   Richard de Lucy was appointed the title of Constable at the Tower of London, an extremely important position, by King Stephen. 
       Lulach (Scottish King) Died: 1058 
cottish king from 1057 until 1058. He was the stepson of Macbeth and became king of the Scots after Macbeth was killed by Malcolm. Lulach was also killed by Malcolm who became the next king. Lulach was known as the 'fool' or the 'simple'.
 See Also
Mini Timeline

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1057  Aug  Macbeth is killed and Lulach becomes king Scone
   Macbeth was killed by Malcolm III (Malcolm Canmore) who later became the King of Scotland. Macbeth was succeeded by his stepson Lulach who was crowned at Scone. 
1058  Mar  Malcolm III becomes King of the Scots Lumphanan
Scone
   Malcolm had killed Macbeth at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire. Macbeth's stepson Lulach was crowned king and reigned for four months until he too was killed at Strathbogie. Malcolm became King of the Scots and was crowned at Scone.23 
Selection of references used:

1. H.W.C.Davis, England under the Normans and Angevins, 1949
2. Maurice Ashley, The Life and Times of King John
3. Richard Barber, The Devil's Crown
4. Elizabeth Luckock and Caroline Gundy, Simon de Montfort, 1969, 08 008236 6
5. Hubert Cole, The Black Prince, 1976, 0 246 10778 2
6. Kenneth H.Vickers, England in the Later Middle Ages, 1921
7. Mike Salter, Castles of South-West Wales
8. Timbs & Gunn, Abbeys, Castles & Ancient Halls of England & Wales
9. M.T.Clanchy, England and its Rulers
10. Derek Wilson, The Tower (1078 - 1978)
11. John Timbs & Alexander Gunn, Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North), 1872
12. Duc de Castries, The lives of the Kings and Queens of France, 0 297 77676 2
13. BBC Publication, Background to the Crusades
14. T. Wise & G.A. Embleton, Armies of the Crusades, 0-85045-125-6
15. Robert Fawtier (translation by Lionel Butler and R J Adam), The Capetian Kings of France, 1966
16. C.H.Frith, Cromwell, 1935
17. The Plantagenet Chronicles, 1-85501-685-0
18. Edward Burman, The Templars, Knights of God, 0-85030-396-6
19. John Harvey, The Plantagenets
20. Peter Potter, Data Donation
21. W.H.Hudson, France, The Nation & its Development, MCMXVII
22. Edwards, Notes of European History (1494 - 1715)
23. J.D. Mackie, A History of Scotland, 1978, 0 7139 1206 5

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