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Macbeth (Scottish King)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1057

Shakespeare based his play on this Scottish King. Macbeth reigned from 1040 to 1057. He was killed by Malcolm, the son of Duncan I. Macbeth was succeeded by his stepson Lulach.
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1040Aug 14Duncan is killed by MacBeth
MacBeth killed Duncan I and became the King of Scotland.
1045Crinan killed during uprising
Crinan, the Abbot of Dunkfeld, led an uprising against Macbeth in an attempt to put his grandson Malcolm (III) on the Scottish throne. Malcolm was living at the court of Edward the Confessor at the time. Crinian was killed and the uprising failed.
1050Macbeth visits Rome
Macbeth took time to travel to Rome on a pilgrimage. Reports of his visit tell of him distributing large amounts of money.
1057AugMacBeth is killed and Lulach becomes king
MacBeth was killed by Malcolm III (Malcolm Canmore) who later became the King of Scotland. Macbeth was succeeded by his stepson Lulach who was crowned at Scone.
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Magellan, FerdinandAdd to 'MyProject' 
 Sixteenth century explorer.
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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1519Aug 10Magellan leaves Seville
Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Seville with five ships in search of a passageway to the south of South America in order to reach the Pacific Ocean and the Far East.
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Magnus (I, King of Norway)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1047

.
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1042Jun 8Harthacanute dies and Edward the Confessor becomes King
Harthacanute collapsed while attending a party and died shortly afterwards. He died without an heir and so the crown reverted back to the Saxons and Edward the Confessor was crowned King of England at Easter of 1043 at Winchester. After the death of Harthacanute Magnus took control in Denmark.
1043NovEdward confiscated Emma's land
Edward learnt that his mother Emma was plotting with Dane Magnus of Norway to take control of the English throne. Edward had no choice and stripped his mother of her land and treasure. Emma was allowed to stay in England until her death.
1047Magnus of Norway dies
Magnus, King of Norway and Denmark, died in this year. Magnus had stated that Harold Hardrada should become King of Norway after his death.
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Malcolm (II, Scottish King)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1034

Mael Coluim mac Cinaeda or more commonly known as Malcolm II. Malcolm was the Scottish king from 1005 until 1034.

Family Tree Details
Malcolm (II, Scottish King) ( - d.1034)
     +Wife of Malcolm II
          =Bethoc
          |    +Crinan (Abbot of Dunkeld)
          |         =Duncan (I, Scottish king) ( - d.1040)
          |              +Sybilla
          |                   =Malcolm (III, Scottish King 1058-1093) ( - d.1093)
          |                   =Donald (III, Scottish King 1094-1097) ( - d.1099)
          =Second daughter of Malcolm II
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1005Malcolm II becomes Kings of the Scots
Malcolm killed his cousin Kenneth III to become Malcolm II, King of the Scots.
1034Duncan becomes King of Scotland
Already the ruler of Strathclyde Duncan killed his grandfather Malcolm II to become the King of Scotland.
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Malcolm (III, Scottish King 1058-1093)Add to 'MyProject' 

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Malcolm (IV, Scottish King 1153-1165)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 1142
Died: 9 Dec 1165

Malcolm was the grandson of David I. He became king of Scotland in 1153 when David died. In 1157 Henry II claimed Northumbria and Cumbria back from the Scots. Henry had given these areas to Scotland when he had become king of England, but now he wanted them back. Malcolm was known as the 'Maiden' and did not marry, although it is thought he did have an illegitimate child. Malcolm died in his mid twenties and was succeeded by his brother William.

Family Tree Details
Father: Henry (Earl of Huntingdon) ( - d.1152)
Mother: de Warenne, Ada 
Malcolm (IV, Scottish King 1153-1165) (b.1142 - d.1165)
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1153JunMalcolm IV becomes King of the Scots
After the death of David I Malcolm became king. He was crowned at Scone.
1157Malcolm IV surrenders land to Henry
The areas of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland are surrendered by Malcolm IV, King of Scotland to Henry. The lands had been acquired by David I.
1161Coupar Angus Abbey founded
This Scottish Cistercian abbey was founded by Malcolm IV, King of Scotland. The monks that colonised it came from the abbey at Melrose.
1165DecWilliam I 'the Lion' becomes king of the Scots
On the death of Malcolm IV his brother, William, became the king of the Scots. William was crowned at Scone.
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Mandeville, Geoffrey de (Earl of Essex)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1144

One of the barons who during the reign of Stephen took advantage of the chaos to pillage and cause as much destruction as possible to further his own power and wealth. Mandeville had inherited the position of Constable of the Tower of London. When Stephen became king in 1135, Mandeville swore alliegance to the new king and was rewarded with the Earldom of Essex. During the first few years of Stephen's reign, Mandeville travelled with Stephen helping him put down revolts against the king. When Matilda took control of London in 1140, Mandeville was quick to change to her side to protect his interests. When king Stephen again took back control in 1141 again he changed sides, but his changing loyalties eventually led to his arrest and banishment. It was from 1141 until his death in 1144 that he became an outlaw.
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1141JunMatilda enters London
Matilda and her supporters entered London for her coronation. Her supporters included David I, king of the Scots. Geoffrey de Mandeville who controlled the Tower of London, abandoned his king as he saw Matilda had the upper hand. He joined her side and offered her the Tower of London. He did this to ensure he kept the Earldom of Essex which made him one of the most powerful barons of the time.
1142Mandeville and Matilda
Secret negotiations between Matilda and Mandeville take place.
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Margaret (daughter of Alexander III)Add to 'MyProject' 
 Daughter of Alexander III, King of Scotland. Married King Eric of Norway and their daughter was Margaret, the 'Maid of Norway'.

Family Tree Details
Father: Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286) ( - d.1286)
Mother: Margaret ( - d.1275) 
Margaret (daughter of Alexander III)
     +Eric (King of Norway)
          =Margaret (Maid of Norway) (b.1283 - d.1290)
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1266Alexander III aquires the Hebrides
Alexander, the King of the Scots exchanged his daughter in marriage to Eric, the King of Norway for the Hebrides.
1283AprBirth of Margaret, Maid of Norway
The birth of a daughter called Margaret to Eric, the young Norwegian King, and Margaret, the daughter of Alexander III. Margaret, the child's mother, died during childbirth.
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Margaret (Daughter of Henry VII)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 1489
Died: 1541

Married James IV of Scotland.

Family Tree Details
Father: HENRY (VII, King of England 1485-1509) (b.1457 - d.1509)
Mother: Elizabeth (of York) ( - d.1503) 
Margaret (Daughter of Henry VII) (b.1489 - d.1541)
     +James (IV King of Scotland 1488-1513) (b.1473 - d.1513)
          =James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542) (b.1512 - d.1542)
               +Mary (of Guise) ( - d.1560)
               |    =Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1587)
               |         +Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560) (b.1544 - d.1560)
               |         +Henry (Lord Darnley) (b.1546 - d.1567)
               |              =James (VI of Scotland, 1567-1625, from 1603 James I of England) (b.1566 - d.1625)
               +Margaret Erskine (Lady)
                    =James Stewart (1st Earl of Moray) (b.1531 - d.1570)
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1489NovBirth of Margaret
Henry VII's and Elizabeth's second child was born.
Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1503JunHenry VII escorts Margaret to Scotland
Henry VII and his eldest daughter started their journey to Scotland where the arranged marriage between Margaret and the Scottish King James IV would take place. Margaret was only fourteen years old.
Aug 8Marriage of James IV and Margaret
The marriage of the 30 year old Scottish king to the 14 year old daughter of Henry VI, Margaret took place at Holyrood house in Edinburgh.

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Margaret (Maid of Norway)Add to 'MyProject' 

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Margaret (of Anjou)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 23 Mar 1429
Died: 25 Aug 1482

Margaret of Anjou was the wife of Henry VI. The marriage between the two was arranged as part of the Treaty of Tours in 1444 between Henry and Charles VII of France. Henry and Margaret were married in 1445. They had one child, Edward, who was born in 1453. Queen Margaret led the fight for the Lancastrians against the Yorkists while Henry was in captivity. See the timeline below for more information.

Family Tree Details
Margaret (of Anjou) (b.1429 - d.1482)
     +Henry (VI, King of England 1422-1461, 1470-1471) (b.1421 - d.1471)
          =Edward (Prince of Wales) (b.1453 - d.1471)
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1444AprTreaty of Tours
1445Apr 23Marriage of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou
1460Dec 30Battle of Wakefield
1461Feb 17Second Battle of St. Albans
Feb 27Yorkists enter London
1462Jun 28Queen Margaret and Louis XI
Oct 25Queen Margaret invades
Nov 13Queen Margaret retreats to Scotland
1463SummerQueen Margaret returns to France
JulSiege of Norham Castle
1470Jul 22Warwick and the Lancastrians
1471Apr 14Queen Margaret lands at Weymouth
May 4The Battle of Tewkesbury

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Margaret (St. Margaret of Scotland)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: Nov 1093

Sister of Edgar the Aetheling and married to Malcolm III, King of Scotland. Edgar had rebelled against William the Conqueror and had been forced to find safety at the court of Malcolm III, King of the Scots. Margaret had accompanied Edgar to Scotland. Malcolm was happy to assist Edgar and other Lords in the attempts to take land back from the Normans. Margaret was deeply religious and founded many churches including Dunfermline Abbey. Certain miracles are supposed to have occurred during her lifetime and after her death she was canonised and later made a patron saint of Scotland.

Family Tree Details
Father: Edward (The Exile) (b.1016 - d.1057)
Mother: Agatha (of Brunswick) 
Margaret (Granddaughter of Edmund Ironside) ( - d.1093)
     +Malcolm (III, Scottish King 1058-1093) ( - d.1093)
          =Edgar (King of Scotland 1097-1107) ( - d.1107)
          =Alexander (I, King of Scotland 1107-1124) (b.1077 - d.1124)
          =David (I, King of Scotland 1124-1153) (b.1085 - d.1153)
          |    +Matilda (Wife of David I)
          |         =Henry (Earl of Huntingdon) ( - d.1152)
          |              +Ada de Warenne
          |                   =Malcolm (IV, Scottish King 1153-1165) (b.1142 - d.1165)
          |                   =William (I, the Lyon, King of Scotland 1165-1214) ( - d.1214)
          |                   =David (Earl of Huntingdon) ( - d.1219)
          =Matilda Edith (of Scotland)
          |    +Henry Plantagenet (I, King of England 1100-1135) (b.1068 - d.1135)
          |         =William (Adelin) (b.1103 - d.1120)
          |         =Matilda (Daughter of Henry I)
          |              +Geoffrey (of Anjou)
          |              |    =Henry (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189)
          |              |    =Geoffrey (VI of Anjou)
          |              |    =William (Count of Paitin) (b.1136 - d.1164)
          |              +Henry (V of Germany)
          =Mary (Daughter of Malcolm III)
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1070Dunfermline Abbey founded
The Abbey of Dunfermline was founded by Malcolm III, King of the Scots and his wife Margaret.
1093Nov 16Death of Margaret of Scotland
Margaret of Scotland died only days after her son and husband had been killed at Alnwick.
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Marshal, Richard (Earl of Pembroke)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: Apr 1234

Son of William Marshal who became Earl of Pembroke when his elder brother died in 1231. Richard rebelled against Henry III and Peter de Roches (Bishop of Winchester) and Peter de Rivaux (Justiciar) who had taken control of the countries finances against the rules laid down by the Magna Carta. After a brief war, Richard was murdered in Ireland.
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1233Earl of Pembroke's revolt
Richard, Earl of Pembroke in alliance with Llewelyn of Wales join forces to fight Henry III. (Details required).
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Marshal, William (Earl of Pembroke)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1219

Beginning penniless, William Marshal became an important figure, respected by Henry II, Richard I and king John. At the age of at least seventy he led forces against Louis VIII of France to assist a nine-year old Henry III retain his throne.

At the age of five or six William was given to King Stephen as a hostage. Stephen's kindness prevented William's death. William was trained as a squire in the Tancarville family, an important family in Normandy. William's allegiance to Henry II and his sons, the Young King and Richard (I) is complicated, swapping sides from time to time, but he had the respect of them all. William was also loyal to king John, supporting him against his many enemies. When king John died, William was named as the guardian of John's son Henry (III), saying that 'the land will never be held by anyone except with his help'. After the death of king John, William re-issued the Magna Carta in 1216 to re-affirm the power of the monarchy and he removed any reference that might impose restrictions on this. In 1217 the Magna Carta again was amended to clarify the feudal content. William assisted Henry III retain the throne when it was under threat from Louis VIII of France.

When William married Isabel de Clare the heiress of the Earl of Pembroke he took the title as well as ownership of Pembroke Castle. William started major reconstruction work at the castle in stone.

William Marshal died in 1219 leaving the country united under the monarchy. His eldest son, also called William, inherited the title of Earl of Pembroke. William Marshall is buried in the round church of the London Temple and his tomb can still be seen there.

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1152William Marshal as hostage
1185AprJohn in Ireland
1189William Marshal and Chepstow Castle
Jul 6Henry II Dies
1199MayImportant Appointments
1204William Marshall captures Cilgerran
Goodrich given to William Marshal
SpringPeace negotiations with France
1205SummerMore castles fall to the French
1207Marshall inherits the lands of Leinster in Ireland
1212NovJohn accepts Pope's demands
1215May 27A truce is sought
1217May 20Battle of Lincoln
Sep 12Treaty of Kingston
1219William Marshal dies

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Marshal, William (the younger)Add to 'MyProject' 
 Need to find out about.

Family Tree Details
William Marshal (the younger)
     +Eleanor (Daughter of King John) (b.1215 - d.1275)
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1220Llewelyn raids Pembrokeshire
Llewelyn, the Prince of Wales, began raiding Pembrokeshire to retake land that he accused William Marshall, the younger, of stealing.
1222William the younger retakes his castles
Llewelyn, the Prince of Wales, had captured the castles at Carmarthen and Cardigan but both were recaptured by William Marshall, the younger.
1223Cilgerran Castle recaptured
William Marshall, the younger, recaptured the castle at Cilgerran from Llewelyn ap Iorwerth.

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Mary (Daughter of Henry VII)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 1495
Died: 1533

Princess Mary was the daughter of Henry VII and the younger sister of Henry VIII. It was usual for the daughters of Kings to be married into other royal families to strengthen political ties. Mary was no exception and it was planned for her to marry Prince Charles, Duke of Burgundy (the future Holy Roman Emperor). The plans fell through and she was married to the 52 year-old French King Louis XII. Mary was unhappy about the forced marriage because she was in love with Charles Brandon, the Duke of Suffolk. Henry VIII may have promised Mary that she could marry Suffolk after the death of Louis XII. Louis died eleven months after the marriage. After the King's death, Mary ran away a secretly married the Duke. The two were caught and fined but Henry gave them consent to marry and the wed at Greenwich in the presence of King Henry VIII and Queen Catherine.

Family Tree Details
Father: HENRY (VII, King of England 1485-1509) (b.1457 - d.1509)
Mother: Elizabeth (of York) ( - d.1503) 
Mary (Daughter of Henry VII) (b.1495 - d.1533)
     +Louis (XII, King of France)
     +Charles Brandon (Duke of Suffolk) (b.1485 - d.1545)
          =Frances (Lady)
               +Henry Grey (Duke of Suffolk) ( - d.1554)
                    =Jane Grey (Lady) (b.1537 - d.1554)
                    =Catherine Grey (Lady)
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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1514AugLouis XII marries Princess Mary
A peace treaty was negotiated by Thomas Wolsey with France. One of the terms was that Louis XII of France would marry Princess Mary, the younger sister Henry VIII. Louis died only a few months later.
1515Jan 1Death of Louis XII
Louis XII died at the age of 52 leaving Mary a widow. His nephew, Francis, became the next king of France.
FebPrincess Mary secretly marries
Princess Mary ran away with Charles Brandon after the death of Louis XII. They were secretly married but caught and forced to pay a fine.
May 13Mary and Suffolk marry
Princess Mary, the younger sister of Henry VIII, married Charles Brandon, the Duke of Suffolk at Greenwich. Henry VIII gave full consent to the marriage.
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Mary (I, Queen of England 1553-1558, Bloody Mary)Add to 'MyProject' 

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Mary (of Guise)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: Jun 1560

Mary of Guise of France married James V, king of Scotland. Mary gave birth to two sons, James and Arthur but they both died within a couple of years. Their third child was a girl who they called Mary and became Queen of Scots after James' death.

Family Tree Details
Mary (of Guise) ( - d.1560)
     +James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542) (b.1512 - d.1542)
          =Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1587)
               +Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560) (b.1544 - d.1560)
               +Henry (Lord Darnley) (b.1546 - d.1567)
                    =James (VI of Scotland, 1567-1625, from 1603 James I of England) (b.1566 - d.1625)
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Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1542Dec 8Birth of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary was born at Linlithgow Palace in West Lothian, Scotland. She was the daughter of James V, king of Scotland and Mary of Guise, from France. James V died a week after Mary was born and she became Queen of Scotland.
1547JulCapture of the castle at St. Andrews
After a lengthy siege failed to take the well defended castle at St. Andrews, Mary of Guise asked the French for help. The castle at St. Andrews was captured and the Protestant leaders and John Knox were taken into custody.
1548JulThe French arrive in Scotland
The request of the Scottish Regent, Mary of Guise, for help to fight the English was answered by the arrival of a army of several thousand French. The assistance came on condition that her daughter Mary should marry the French Dauphin, Francis.
1557DecThe Lords of the Congregation
A group of Scottish Lords signed a covenant promising to support the advancement 'the most blessed Word of God' and to push forward the Reformation in Scotland. This was a move against what they saw as the threat from France with that came from the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin. They called themselves the Lords of the Congregation.
1560JunDeath of Mary of Guise
Mary Stuart's mother, Mary of Guise, died in Scotland leaving the country in a state of civil war.
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Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland)Add to 'MyProject' 

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Matilda (Daughter of Henry I)Add to 'MyProject' 

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Montfort, Simon deAdd to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 4 Aug 1265

King John had confiscated the lands in Leicestershire from Simon de Montfort's father in 1207. Simon was granted the lands back by Henry III in 1231 and in January of 1238, Simon married Henry's sister Eleanor. As Earl of Leicester and a brother-in-law to the King, Simon held and important and powerful position. When Henry's attempts to retake Piotou failed in 1242, It was Simon who had to rescue the King. Simon's power grew and the king granted him castles including Kenilworth. in 1258, Henry's finances came under criticism as he was spending more money than he had and at a time when harvests had failed. A group of barons including Simon began to speak out against their king and they confronted Henry at Westminster and forced him and his son Edward (later Edward I) to comply with their wishes. There were seven main leaders of the Barons, Richard de Clare (Earl of Gloucester), John Fitz Geoffrey, Roger Bigod (Earl of Norfolk), Hugh Bigod (Roger's brother), Peter of Savoy, Peter de Montfort (not a relation of Simon), and finally Simon de Montfort. At Oxford in June of 1258, it was agreed that a council of fifteen would advise Henry on his finances. Unfortunately, the council could not agree amongst themselves and it disbanded allowing Henry to regain control. At this point, Simon left for France where he was safer.

Family Tree Details
Simon de Montfort ( - d.1265)
     +Eleanor (Daughter of King John) (b.1215 - d.1275)
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1207Earl of Leicester loses land
1231Aug 13Simon de Montfort takes possession of his land
1236Jan 4Henry marries
1238JanSimon marries Henry's sister
1239JunEdward (I) is born
1242Henry tries to retake Poitou
Henry's financies are criticised
1243SpringSimon de Montfort gets custody of Kenilworth castle
1258Barons confront Henry
Apr 12Henry is opposed by the Barons
JunOdiham and Kenilworth handed over to the King
JunProvisions of Oxford
1263Edward joins Simon de Montfort
JunSimon's forces do much damage
1264Siege of Rochester Castle
Army at Barham Down
Pevensey Castle siege
MayHenry's war with the Barons
May 14Battle of Lewes
JunSimon summons Parliament
1265Jan 20Ordinary people's Parliament
FebThe Barons split
SummerArmies march
Aug 1Younger Simon attacked at Kenilworth
Aug 4Battle of Evesham

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Montgomery, Roger deAdd to 'MyProject' 
 Roger de Montgomery was a powerful Norman baron who came across from Normandy with William the Conqueror. Montgomery built the castle at Arundel. William gave Montgomery control of the Welsh areas around Shrewsbury and the title Earl of Shrewsbury. Montgomery built a castle in the town for its defence.
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Morcar (Earl of Northumbria)Add to 'MyProject' 
 Morcar (Morkere) took part in the 1065 rebellion against the then Earl of Northumbria, Tostig and forced Tostig out. Morcar then became the Earl of Northumbria. At the battle of Gate Fulford in September of 1066 Morcar was beaten by the invading Harold Hardrada. After the Norman Invasion, Morcar accepted William as King, but later on joined Hereward the Wake's rebellion against the king on the Isle of Ely. Morcar was captured and imprisoned. He died in prison.
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1065OctMorcar becomes Earl of Northumbria
A rebellion against Tostig, Earl of Northumbria leads to Tostig fleeing to Flanders and Morcar becoming the new Earl.
1071William puts down the revolt
The rebels Hereward the Wake and Morcar on the Isle of Ely were attacked and defeated by William the Conqueror.
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Mortimer, Anne (daughter of Roger, Earl of March)Add to 'MyProject' 
 

Family Tree Details
Anne Mortimer (daughter of Roger, Earl of March)
     +Richard (Earl of Cambridge) ( - d.1415)
          =Richard (Duke of York) ( - d.1460)
               +Cecily Neville
                    =Edward (IV, Earl of March and King of England 1461-1470, 1471-1483) (b.1442 - d.1483)
                    |    +Elizabeth Woodville
                    |         =Elizabeth (of York) ( - d.1503)
                    |         =Edward (V, King of England 1483) (b.1470 - d.1483)
                    |         =Richard (Duke of York, Prince in the Tower) ( - d.1483)
                    |         =Cecily (Daughter of Edward IV) (b.1469 - d.1507)
                    =George (Duke of Clarence) (b.1449 - d.1478)
                    |    +Isabel Neville ( - d.1476)
                    |         =Edward Plantagenet (Earl of Warwick) ( - d.1499)
                    |         =Margaret (Countess of Salisbury) ( - d.1541)
                    =Richard (III, King of England 1483-1485) (b.1452 - d.1485)
                    |    +Anne Neville ( - d.1485)
                    |         =Edward (Prince of Wales, son of Richard III) (b.1473 - d.1484)
                    =Elizabeth (Daughter of Richard, Duke of York)
                    |    +John de la Pole (Duke of Suffolk) ( - d.1491)
                    |         =John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln) ( - d.1487)
                    |         =Edmund de la Pole (Earl of Suffolk) ( - d.1513)
                    |         =Richard de la Pole ( - d.1525)
                    =Margaret (of York, sister of Edward IV) (b.1446 - )
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Mortimer, EdmundAdd to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: Mar 1409

Edmund was the youngest son of Edmund Mortimer, the 3rd Earl of March and Philippa Plantagenet.

Family Tree Details
Father: Mortimer, Edmund (3rd Earl of March) ( - d.1381)
Mother: Philippa (daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence) 
Edmund Mortimer ( - d.1409)
     +Katherine Glendower
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1402Jun 22Battle of Pilleth
Edmund Mortimer's army met Owen Glendower at Pilleth near Whitton in central Wales. Mortimer's army was badly defeated and Mortimer was captured. Glendower offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom, but Henry IV refused to pay.
Sep 14Battle of Homildon Hill
The armies of the Percies and the Scots met at Homildon Hill near Wooler in Northumberland. The Scots were defeated and the Scots' leader the Earl of Douglas was captured. Henry IV wanted Douglas handed over but Hotspur refused. Hotspur was angry with the English king who had refused to pay a ransom for Edmund Mortimer who had been captured by Owen Glendower and who was a friend of Hotspur's.
1405FebGlendower's agreement
Owen Glendower, Edmund Mortimer and the Earl of Northumberland combine forces and share the same goal of removing Henry IV. They agreed to divide England and Wales in three, Owen taking Wales and the west of England, the Earl to take the north of England and the north Midlands. Mortimer could have the rest.
1409MarHarlech falls to the English
The Welsh in Harlech Castle surrender to the English and the revolt of Welsh comes to an end. Edmund Mortimer was killed.
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Mortimer, Edmund (5th Earl of March)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 1391
Died: 1425

Edmund was directly descended from Edward III via Lionel and when Richard II died became the true heir to the English throne but Henry IV took the throne for himself. During Henry's reign there were several revolts which planned to overthrow Henry and place Edmund on the throne.

Family Tree Details
Father: Mortimer, Roger (4th Earl of March) (b.1374 - d.1398)
Mother: Holland, Eleanor (Wife of Roger, Earl of March) 
Edmund Mortimer (5th Earl of March) (b.1391 - d.1425)
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1403Revolt of the Percies
The Percies, led by the Earl of Northumberland and Hotspur announced their intent to revolt against Henry IV. They even promised to free the Scots they had captured at the battle of Homildon if the Scots assisted in the revolt. The plan was to join forces with Owen Glendower and support the claim of the young Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March to the English throne.
1415Aug 1Plot to overthrow the King
Led by Richard Earl of Cambridge, Henry's cousin, a plot to assassinate the King and replace him with the Earl of March who was the true heir to the throne was hatched. The revolt brought together all the old enemies of Henry including Lord Scrope (Archbishop Scrope's nephew) and the Lollards. The Earl of March whose loyalties were with the king informed Henry of the plot the night before and the rebels were arrested. Several were executed.
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Mortimer, Roger (of Wigmore)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: Oct 1330

Roger Mortimer was a Marcher Lord who supported the Earl of Lancaster's fight against Edward II. After the battle of Boroughbridge and the defeat of Lancaster Mortimer was arrested and sent to the Tower of London. After the Parliament at York in May 1322 many of the Lancastrian rebels were executed as traitors but some, including Mortimer, were spared and remained in prison. In late 1323 Mortimer was able to escape from the Tower by supplying his guards with large amounts of liquor and then climbing down a rope. He fled to France where he joined Queen Isabella's cause against her husband, Edward II, and the Despensers. In 1326 Isabella and Mortimer, now her lover, sailed to England. Edward II had to flee from London where the inhabitants were against him but welcomed Isabella. Isabella and Mortimer chased Edward to Bristol. Edward II was forced to abdicate and his son Edward III became King of England. In 1330 Edward III became old enough to reign in his own right. He arrested Mortimer for the crimes against his father and Mortimer was executed.
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1323AutumnMortimer escapes from the Tower
Mortomer of Wigmore escaped from the Tower of London.
1325MarIsabella leaves for France
Isabella travelled to France to see King Charles IV her brother. Her mission was to bring to an end the disputes over land between France and England. The King agreed to the English reclaiming the lands of Gascony and Ponthieu as long as Edward came to Paris and paid homage. In Paris Isabella met Roger Mortimer who had recently escaped from the Tower of London. She fell in love with him.
1326SepIsabella and Mortimer land to take the throne
Isabella, the wife of Edward II and her supporters including Mortimer landed at Orwell in Suffolk. Their aim was to remove Edward II from his throne and place Prince Edward there as the new king. Isabella had no problem in raising an army from those opposed to the King and they advanced on London. Although Edward was in the Tower of London the rest of London was against him and he decided to leave the city and head west with his supporters including the Despensers and the Earl of Winchester.
1330MarExecution of Edmund, Earl of Kent
Mortimer arrested Edmund, Earl of Kent for openly opposing Queen Isabella and Mortimer himself. This act was the catalyst for Edward II to arrest Mortimer for treason.
Oct 19Arrest of Mortimer
Edward III ordered the arrest of Roger Mortimer. The King and some loyal supporters entered Nottingham Castle via a secret passage in the rocks and Roger Mortimer was arrested.
Nov 29Execution of Roger Mortimer
Mortimer was tried before Parliament and executed.
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Mowbray, RobertAdd to 'MyProject' 
 Robert Mowbray was a Norman Baron who rose up in rebellion against William Rufus several times. He joined the rebellion in 1088 led by Odo, bishop of Bayeux, attacking Bath. In 1095 Mowbray attacked four merchant ships from Norway. William Rufus demanded to see Mowbray but instead Mowbray rose up in revolt supported by Roger de Lacy, Gilbert de Clare and William de Eu. Rufus captured the rebels and their main castles at Tynemouth and Bamborough. Mowbray was imprisoned and the other barons were heavily fined or had their lands confiscated.
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1095Robert Mowbray's Rebellion
After attacking four merchant ships Robert Mowbray was called for by William Rufus to explain his actions. Instead Mowbray rose up in rebellion against the king along with other powerful Norman Barons.
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Murchadha, Diarmait mac (King of Leinster)Add to 'MyProject' 
 Or Dermot. Dermot was the King of Leinster, an area of eastern Ireland. He was in confict with Tighernan O Ruairc, another ruler in the region. In 1166 Dermot was defeated by Tighernan and exiled to England. Dermot needed help if he was to retake his homeland and so he approached Henry II. Herny did not want to get directly involved but allowed Dermot to raise an army from the Welsh and English people he could find to help him. The most important person Dermot found to help him was Richard de Clare 'Strongbow', the Earl of Pembroke. Strongbow agreed to help in return for Dermot's daughter's hand in marriage and to rule Leinster after Dermot's death.
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1166Dermot exiled from Ireland
Dermot, the King of Leinster in eastern Ireland, was defeated in battle by Tighernan O Ruairc, another ruler in the region. Dermot was exiled and went to Normandy and the court of Henry II of England to ask for assistance in retaking his lands. Henry gave Dermot permission to find a willing army from either England or Wales and so Dermot approached Richard de Clare, the Earl of Pembroke who agreed to help in return for several demands. These demands were Dermot's daughter's hand in marriage and to rule Leinster after Dermot died.
1167AugDermot returns to Ireland
Dermot returned to Ireland but without an army. He was unable to retake Leinster and had to wait until the forces he had been promised arrived from Wales.
1169MayDermot retakes Leinster
Some the men promised to assist Dermot in Ireland landed at Bannow with the sons of Nesta. The poorly protected Irish warriors were no match for the armoured knights and archers that arrived from Wales. By the end of the year Leinster fell and Dermot once again became the King. After his victory Dermot was not satisfied with just ruling Leinster but wanted to become High King of Ireland. To fulfil his ambitions he had to wait for the arrival of Strongbow, the Earl of Pembroke, for that to be a possibility.
1170MayRaymond de Gros lands in Ireland
Raymond de Gros arrived in Ireland in support of Dermot a few months ahead of Strongbow. He landed at Waterford and constructed a fort in which he and his men prepared for the arrival of the Earl.
AugIreland attacked by Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare, the Earl of Pembroke, invaded Ireland with 200 knights in armour and up to a 1,000 foot-soldiers capturing Waterford easily and then Dublin on behalf of Dermot, the King of Leinster.
1171SpringDeath of Dermot, King of Leinster
The agreement between the Earl of Pembroke and Dermot, the King of Leinster, was that if the Earl helped the King retake Leinster the Earl would become the ruler of Leinster when Dermot died. When the king died in the spring of 1171 the agreement fell apart due to the lack of support from Dermot's tribesmen. The tribesmen elected a nephew of Dermot's as the new king instead.
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