 | | Index of medieval people in this section | | |  | Saladin | | Sawtrey, William | | Scrope, Richard (Archbishop of York) | | Seymour, Jane | | Sihtric (Norse King of York) | | Simnel, Lambert | | Sir William ap Thomas | | Stafford, Henry (Duke of Buckingham) | | Stafford, Humphrey (Duke of Buckingham) | | Stephen (count of Blois) | | STEPHEN (of Blois, king of England 1135-1154)
| | Stewart, James (1st Earl of Moray) | | Stigand (Archbishop of Canterbury 1052-70) | | Streona, Eadric | | Suger (of St Denis, Paris, Abbot) | | Swein (Fork-Beard)
| | Swynford, Catherine | | Sybilla (of Conversano) |
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Born:
Died: 1193
| The Muslim leader Al-Malik al-Nasir Salad ed-Din Yusuf. |
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| 1187 | Oct 2 | Jerusalem falls to the Muslims
| | | | The al-Asqu mosque was returned to Islam. The Muslims allowed four Christian Priests to hold services in the Church of the Holy Sepulche. This was opposed to the first Crusaders who since they first captured the city in 1099 had treated Jerusalem as theirs alone. The Muslim leader was Al-Malik al-Nasir Salad ed-Din Yusuf (Saladin).1 | | 1188 | | The 'Saladin Tithe'
| | | | This tax was imposed on the people of England (and France?) to raise funds for the Third Crusade. Called for by Henry II in 1188 it was used by his son Richard I who became king in 1189 and then quickly left England for the Crusades.2 | | 1191 | Apr 10 | Richard's fleet leave Sicily
| | | | The fleet left Sicily to sail to Rhodes. On route, three ships were separated from the group and landed on Cyprus at the port of Limassol. The governor of Cyprus at the time was Isacc Dacus Comnenus, who had come to power from trickery. He had sided with Saladin, and treated Richard's ships as the enemy.1 | | | Jun 6 | Richard arrives at Tyre and attacks Acre
| | | | Richard landed at Tyre and quickly moved towards Acre, where he needed to help an army that was besieging the town which was being held by a garrison of Saladin's troops. By July 12th, the town fell to Richard. Richard held Saladin's men hostage in exchange for 200,000 dinars and 1500 of Richard's own troops who were being held by Saladin. When no ransom was paid, Richard publicly executed 2700 of the garrison. It was at this point that Richard angered Leopold of Austria, who was to imprison Richard as he tried to return to Normandy. Leopold's banner was ripped down from alongside Richard's and the French. The banners indicated that the spoils of war should be shared, but Richard was not prepared the share with Leopold, who had not contributed that much to the fall of Acre.1 | | 1192 | Apr 28 | Conrad is assassinated
| | | | Conrad of Montferrat was killed by two Assassins disguised as monks as he walked home. The Assassins, one of whom had been captured alive and questioned, had been sent by their leader Sinan. The suspected reasons for the murder are varied, some theories suggest Conrad had intercepted a shipment of wealthy goods bound for the Assassin Order while others suggest Saladin had ordered the murder of both Conrad and Richard I. Some also suggest it was Richard himself who had ordered the murder. | | 1193 | | Saladin dies
| | | | Saladin died. |
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Born:
Died: 1401
| William Sawtrey was a follower of John Wycliffe and part of the Lollard movement. William was accused of heresy and sentenced to death. He was the first Lollard to the burned at the stake. |
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| Scrope, Richard (Archbishop of York) |
| | Richard Scrope was a member of the Scrope family who had been important land owners since the Norman Conquest and had built Bolton Castle. Richard Scrope was the Archbishop of York and in 1405 became involved in a revolt with Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland to overthrough King Henry IV. The King put the rebellion down with the help of the Nevilles, another powerful Northern family, and had the Archbishop executed. |
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| 1405 | Apr | Scrope's revolt
| | | | Richard Scrope colluded with the Earl of Northumberland to overthrow Henry IV. Scrope was the Archbishop of York. | | | May | Scrope executed
| | | | The Archbishop's revolt was crushed with the aid of the Nevilles and the king had him executed. |
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Born:
Died: 24 Oct 1537
| Jane Seymour was the third wife of Henry VIII and mother of Edward VI. She was the daughter of Sir John Seymour a close aid to Henry VIII. Jane worked as a lady-in-waiting to both Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn. Jane appears to have come to Henry's attention in late 1535 or early 1536 and in May of 1536 they were married. Jane was never given a coronation as the plague struck England in the summer and it was decided to postpone the ceremony. By mid 1537 it was confirmed that Jane was pregnant and on the 12th of October 1537 their son Edward VI was born at Hampton Court. The birth had complications and Jane became ill and died on the 24th of October. Jane was buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor and Henry gave instructions that when he died he should be buried next to her in the chapel. Of all his wives Jane seems to have been Henry's favourite. |
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| Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction | | 1536 | May 30 | Henry marries Jane Seymour
| | | | Henry married his third wife Jane Seymour the former lady-in-waiting to both Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn. They were married at York Palace (now the Palace of Whitehall) | | 1537 | Oct 12 | Edward VI born at Hampton Court
| | | | Jane Seymour gave birth to Edward at Hampton Court. The birth had complications and Jane became ill. | | | Oct 24 | Jane Seymour dies
| | | | Jane Seymour died after complications with the birth of Edward VI. She was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. |
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| Sihtric (Norse King of York) |
Born:
Died: 927
| A Norse leader from Dublin who attacked the kingdom of Mercia from the Mersey frontier. The Mersey formed part of the boundary between Mercia and the Viking Kingdom of York. |
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| 926 - 100 | Sihtric marries Aethelstan's sister
| | | To help consolidate his links to the North Athelstan married his sister to Sihtric, the Norse King of York. | | 927 | | Athelstan becomes overlord King
| | | | With the death of Sihtric, the Dane's leader in the North, Athelstan then drove out his sons. This left Athelstan the master of Northumbria. His attacks on the Welsh and the submission of Constantine the King of Scotland and Owen the King of Cumberland led to him becoming overlord. | | 937 | | Danish invasion
| | | | The Dane Anlaff (possibly Sihtric's son), Owen of Cumberland and Constantine, King of the Scots sailed into the Humber to invade Nothumbria. Athelstan's speed at raising his army that marched north put paid to any plans of invasion and a fierce battle occurred (Brunanburgh near Beverley ?) in which many Danish kings and earls were killed. |
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| | In 1487 Lambert Simnel appeared in Ireland claiming to be Edward, Earl of Warwick. His claim was supported by Margaret of York, the sister of Edward IV, and John de la Pole, the Earl of Lincoln, her nephew. The real Earl of Warwick had been imprisoned by Henry VII in the Tower of London because he was the nephew of Edward IV and a rightful heir to the English throne. John de la Pole landed in Ireland in May of 1487 with some German mercenaries. The Irish crowned Simnel as Edward VI in Dublin and supported an invasion force. They landed on the Lancashire coast, but Henry was prepared and the two armies met at Stoke on 16th of June. The fight could have gone either way but Henry's army won the battle. Lincoln was killed and Lambert Simnel was captured. Henry did not blame Simnel and let him work in the royal kitchens. |
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| 1487 | May 24 | Lambert Simnel crowned in Dublin
| | | | Lambert Simnel arrived in Ireland claiming to be Edward Earl of Lincoln and true heir to the English throne. He was crowned by the Irish at Dublin as Edward VI.3 | | | Jun 16 | Battle of Stoke
| | | | Henry VII fought the Earl of Lincoln and Lambert Simnel at Stoke. The English throne was at stake. Simnel was captured and Lincoln was killed. This battle ended the War of the Roses.4 |
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Born:
Died: 1445
| Sir William fought at Agincourt beside King Henry V and was knighted by Henry VI and known as the 'blue knight of Gwent'. Sir William married Elizabeth Bloet who had inherited the site on which the present Raglan Castle stands from here father. When Elizabeth died in 1420, Sir William was able to maintain possession of the castle by an agreement with his stepson. Sir William died in 1445 and his eldest son called William Herbert carried on the building work. |
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| Stafford, Henry (Duke of Buckingham) |
Born:
Died: 1483
| Henry was descended from Thomas of Woodstock, a son of Edward III. After his father died in 1455 fighting on the side of the Lancastrians Henry became a royal ward. A marriage was arranged for him to Catherine Woodville, Queen Elizabeth Woodville's younger sister. A marriage he was not happy about. Buckingham was Steward of England at the time of Clarence's execution and after the death of Edward IV he had sided closely with Richard Duke of Gloucester (Richard III). In 1483 Buckingham assisted Richard with the arrest and confinement of the young king Edward V and Richard's claim to the English throne. At Richard's coronation Henry walked behind Richard holding the King's train. Buckingham's reward were the titles of Constable and Great Chamberlain of England. In October of 1483 Buckingham changed his allegiance away from the King and to the King's enemies the Woodvilles and Henry Tudor. Richard was made aware of Buckingham's treachery and was captured after a disastrous revolt. Buckingham was executed at Salisbury on 2nd November 1483. |
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| 1483 | Apr 30 | Richard captures the King
| | | | Richard, assisted by the Duke of Buckingham rode to Stony Stratford where they met with the King under the pretence of offering their condolences for the death of his father. Instead, they captured King Edward and took him directly to London and safe keeping in the Tower. Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers was arrested and imprisoned at Sherrif-Hutton Castle, near York.5 | | | Jun 13 | Hastings executed
| | | | Lord Hastings had supported Richard against the Woodvilles and had hoped to gain some reward for his loyalty, but the Duke of Buckingham seemed more likely to be rewarded at his expense. Hastings' loyalties swayed towards the Woodvilles and when Richard found out, Hastings was arrested and executed.5 | | | Oct | Buckingham's rebellion
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| Stafford, Humphrey (Duke of Buckingham) |
Born:
Died: 10 Jul 1460
| Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, was a Lancastrian supporter during the Wars of the Roses and fought along side King Henry VI. Humphrey Stafford was killed at the Battle of Northampton by the Yorkists. |
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| 1455 | May 22 | Battle of St. Albans
| | | | The King had by his side at St. Albans the Dukes of Somerset and Buckingham, Lords Pembroke, Northumberland and Devon and around 2,000 Lancastrian men. They tried to hold the town against the Yorkists led by Salisbury and Warwick but Warwick was able to enter the town through an unguarded spot and attack the flanks of the Lancastrian barricades. Although this battle was small it left the Duke of Somerset dead along with Lord Northumberland and Clifford. As a result of this victory power again swung to the Yorkists although support from the Barons was not total. Edward again became Protector of the Realm and the powerful position of Captain of Calais was given to the Earl of Warwick. | | 1460 | Jul 10 | Battle of Northampton
| | | | The Lancastrian's Court was in Coventry at the time of the Yorkist rebels entering London. When news reached them, the Lancastrians moved south to Northampton to meet the rebels. The Yorkists led by the Earl of Warwick wanted to talk but the Lancastrians led by the Duke of Buckingham wanted to fight. Although the Lancastrians had less men than the Yorkists, they did have control of a stronger position. The Yorkists managed to defeat the Lancastrians due to a section of the Lancastrian army led by Lord Grey of Ruthin moving away allowing the Yorkists through. Orders were given that the King and ordinary men should be spared, while the knights and lords should be killed. When the fighting was over the casualties were light, but the Lancastrian leaders, Buckingham, Shrewsbury and Egremont were dead and the King was captured. |
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| | Married Adela the daughter of William the Conqueror. Their second son Stephen becomes king of England. |
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| STEPHEN (of Blois, king of England 1135-1154) |
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| Stewart, James (1st Earl of Moray) |
Born: circa 1531
Died: 11 Jan 1570
| James was the illegitimate son of James V, King of Scotland and Lady Margaret Erskine. James was one of many illegitimate sons that the king had. Although James had been born out of marriage he still had royal blood and a claim to the Scottish throne. James was the half-brother of Mary, Queen of Scots and when Mary returned from France to claim the Scottish throne, James became her close adviser. When Mary married Lord Darnley, James' support for Mary waned and he and several other nobles rebelled against the Queen. They were defeated and James was exiled to England. When Mary abdicated in 1567 James was chosen as Regent of Scotland but in 1570 was murdered by a supporter of the old Scottish Queen. |
| Family Tree Details | | |  James Stewart (1st Earl of Moray) (b.1531 - d.1570)
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| Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction | | 1561 | Aug 14 | Mary Stuart leaves France
| | | | Leaving France from Calais in a small flotilla of ships, Mary Stuart set sail for Scotland. Five days later the ships arrived at the port of Leith, now part of Edinburgh. Mary was met by her half-brother James Stewart6 | | 1562 | Oct | Fall of Huntley
| | | | George Gordon, the 4th Earl of Huntley rebelled against Mary and at the battle of Corrichie his supporters were defeated by the Earl of Moray. Huntley died at the battle but not from a wound but because he was overweight and the strain of the events was too much for him.7 |
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| Stigand (Archbishop of Canterbury 1052-70) |
| | Stigand ... |
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| 1052 | Summer | Stigand becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
| | | | Stigand, Bishop of Winchester, mediated between the Godwines and Edward the Confessor. The Norman Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert of Jumieges, fled the country with other bishops who had been appointed by Edward. Stigand assumed the title of Archbishop of Canterbury. Robert appealed to Leo IX and Stigand was excommunicated (repeated by Victor II & Stephen IX, repealed by Benedict X, reintroduced by Nicholas II and Alexander II). | | 1067 | Mar | William returns to Normandy
| | | | William returned to Normandy taking as guests Edgar the Aetheling (the grandson of Edmund Ironside), Stigand (Archbishop of Canterbury, the Earls of Mercia and Northumbria and the brothers Edwin and Morcar.8 | | 1070 | | Lanfranc becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
| | | | William the Conqueror placed Lanfranc in the position of Archbishop of Canterbury a move designed to strengthen his hold on the English throne. Thomas of Bayeux, a pupil of Odo (William's brother), was put in the position of Archbishop of York after the death of Ealred who died on September 11, 1069. Archbishop Stigand was imprisoned in Winchester. |
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Born:
Died: 1017
| Eadric was the Ealdorman of Mercia and excelled at the art of double-crossing. Eadric was an adivisor to King Athelred the Unready, and Edmund. In December of 1017 Canute put an end to Eadric's treacherous ways by having him killed. |
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| Suger (of St Denis, Paris, Abbot) |
Born: 1081
Died: 1151
| Suger was the Abbot of the abbey Church of St Denis in Paris from 1122(7) until his death in 1151 and his church was the first Cathedral to be built in the Gothic style. It was built to the ABbot's own specification. The Abbot was an important adviser to the French Kings including Louis VI and Louis VII. His administrative and government skills were used when he was declared regent of France while King Loius VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine travelled to the Holy Land during the Second Crusade. |
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| 1140 | | Abbey Church of St Denis begun
| | | | The construction of the abbey church of St Denis in Paris, the first Gothic Cathedral was begun in 1140. Combining stained glass windows, flying buttresses, choir vaulting and rib vaults, it was a daring innovation in architecture. The specifications were set by the abbot of St Denis, Suger.9 | | 1147 | Jun | Louis VII joins the Crusade
| | | | Declaring Abbot Suger regent of France, Louis VII and Eleanor began their Crusade. |
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| Family Tree Details | | |  Catherine Swynford
+John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) ( - d.1399)
=John Beaufort (1st Earl of Somerset) ( - d.1410)
| +Margaret Holland
| =Henry Beaufort (Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1418)
| =John Beaufort ( - d.1444)
| =Edmund Beaufort (2nd Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1455)
| | +Eleanor Beauchamp
| | =Henry Beaufort (3rd Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1464)
| | =Edmund Beaufort ( - d.1471)
| | =John Beaufort ( - d.1471)
| =Joan Beaufort
| +James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437)
| =Margaret (Stewart) ( - d.1445)
| =Isabella (Stewart) ( - d.1494)
| =Eleanor (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
| =James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
| =Joan (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
=Henry Beaufort (Bishop of Winchester) ( - d.1447)
=Thomas Beaufort (Duke of Exeter) ( - d.1426)
=Joan Beaufort (daughter of John of Gaunt) (b.1379 - d.1440)
+Ralph Neville (Earl of Westmorland) (b.1364 - d.1425)
=Cecily Neville
| +Richard (Duke of York) (b.1411 - d.1460)
| =Edward (IV, Earl of March and King of England 1461-1470, 1471-1483) (b.1442 - d.1483)
| =George (Duke of Clarence) (b.1449 - d.1478)
| =Richard (III, King of England 1483-1485) (b.1452 - d.1485)
| =Elizabeth (Daughter of Richard, Duke of York)
| =Margaret (of York, sister of Edward IV) (b.1446 - )
=Richard Neville (Earl of Salisbury) ( - d.1460)
+Alice (Daughter of Earl of Salisbury)
=Richard Neville (Earl of Warwick, 'The Kingmaker') (b.1428 - d.1471)
=John Neville (Earl of Northumberland, Lord Montagu) ( - d.1471)
=George Neville (Archbishop of York) ( - d.1476)
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| | Married Robert II (Curthose), Duke of Normandy. |
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Selection of references used:
1. John Gillingham,The Life and Times of Richard I,1974 2. C.H.Frith,Cromwell,1935 3. Alison Plowden,The House of Tudor,1976 4. Neville Williams,Henry VII, 5. Anthony Cheetham,Life and times of Richard III, 6. Richard Oram,The Kings and Queens of Scotland, 7. Antonia Fraser,Mary Queen of Scots, 8. David Bates,William the Conqueror, 9. A.T. Mann,Sacred Architecture,
