| Ruler | Country | Start of Reign | Age at 1290 |
| Edward I | England | 1272 | 51 | | 1290 | Quia Emptores  | | 1290 Jul 18 | Treaty of Brigham | | 1290 Nov 28 | Eleanor of Castile dies | | 1290 Dec | The 'Eleanor Crosses' | | 1291 | Licence to crenelate at Stokesay | | 1291 May 10 | Edward I meets Scottish Claimants | | 1292 | English and Norman sailor fight | | 1292 Nov 17 | John Balliol chosen by Edward I as Scottish King | | 1294 | Outrage at Philippe's actions | | 1294 | Edward Balliol asks for resources | | 1294 May | Philippe IV confiscates Gascony | | 1294 Oct 30 | A Welsh rebellion | | 1295 Jan | Edward besieged at Conway | | 1295 Apr | Edward occupies Anglesey | | 1295 Nov | The first Model Parliament | | 1296 | Edward captures Urquhart Castle | | 1296 Apr | Balliol: Renounces homage to England | | 1296 Apr 27 | Battle of Dunbar | | 1296 Summer | Philippe IV threatens Edward | | 1296 Jul | Balliol: Surrenders at Stracathro, Edward takes the Stone of Scone | | 1296 Aug | The First Interregnum | | 1297 Jan | Marriage proposal | | 1297 Feb | Edward is deserted by the Barons | | 1297 Apr 14 | Edward appeals for support | | 1297 Jul | Confederacy formed and destroyed | | 1297 Aug | Edward sails for Flanders | | 1297 Aug | Confirmation of the Charters | | 1297 Winter | Edward accepts Truce | | 1298 May | Edward at York | | 1298 Jul 22 | Battle of Falkirk | | 1299 Mar | Edward evades Parliament | | 1299 Sep | Edward marries |
| | Margaret | Scotland | 1286 | ? | | Margaret | Scotland | 1286 | ? | | First Interregnum | Scotland | 1290 | ? | | John Balliol | Scotland | 1292 | ? | | 1291 May 10 | Edward I meets Scottish Claimants | | 1292 Nov 17 | John Balliol chosen by Edward I as Scottish King | | 1292 Nov 30 | John Balliol become King of the Scots | | 1295 Oct | Treaty Auld Alliance | | 1296 Apr | Balliol: Renounces homage to England | | 1296 Apr 27 | Battle of Dunbar | | 1296 Jul | Balliol: Surrenders at Stracathro, Edward takes the Stone of Scone |
| | Second Interregnum | Scotland | 1296 | ? | | Philippe IV | France | 1285 | ? | | 1291 | Beaugency is bought by Philippe | | 1293 | Philippe obtains Maguellone and Montpellier | | 1294 | Outrage at Philippe's actions | | 1294 May | Philippe IV confiscates Gascony | | 1296 Summer | Philippe IV threatens Edward | | 1297 Jan | Marriage proposal | | 1299 Sep | Edward marries |
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Edward I and Scotland
| 1290 | Jul 18 | Treaty of Brigham | | | | The agreement of the marriage between Margaret Maid of Norway to the first Prince of Wales Prince Edward (II). Margaret was the granddaughter of Alexander III the king of Scotland and was the successor to the Scottish crown. Margaret died on the journey. This led to disputed succession in Scotland. | | Sep | Margaret, 'Maid of Norway' dies on voyage | | | | Margaret, the 'Maid of Norway', granddaughter of Alexander III and next in line for the Scottish crown was travelling to Scotland when she died on Orkney during the voyage. | | 1291 | May 10 | Edward I meets Scottish Claimants | | | | Edward I met the claimants for the Scottish crown at Norham. There were three main claimants to the throne all of whom were descended from David Earl of Huntingdon, the brother of William the Lion who died in 1214. The three men were John Balliol, Robert Bruce and John Hastings. The decision was delayed until the following year to allow all the facts to be taken into account. | | 1292 | Nov 17 | John Balliol chosen by Edward I as Scottish King | | | | At Berwick Edward I declared John Balliol to be the new Scottish King. | | 1294 | | Edward Balliol asks for resources | | | | Edward Balliol arrived in London and asked for men and money for Edward's French war. | | 1295 | Oct | Treaty Auld Alliance | | | | John Balliol went to France and arranged the Treaty Auld Alliance (Content ?) | | 1296 | | Edward captures Urquhart Castle | | | | The castle on Loch Ness fell to the English. Sir William Fitz Warine was left in charge of the castle as its Constable. | | Apr | Balliol: Renounces homage to England | | | | In March of 1296 Edward I had attacked and sacked Berwick. Balliol renounced homage to England. | | Apr 27 | Battle of Dunbar | | | | John Balliol was defeated at the battle of Dunbar by Edward I. | | Jul | Balliol: Surrenders at Stracathro, Edward takes the Stone of Scone | | | | The English had taken many castles and in July 1296 Balliol surrendered to Edward I. Balliol was allowed to retire to France some years later. Edward advanced to Elgin and on his return to England took the Stone of Scone. | | 1297 | Sep 11 | Battle at Stirling Bridge | | | | William Wallace and Andrew De Moray leaders of the Scottish revolt in the South and North joined forces and defeated the English army led by Surrey at Stirling. The Scots caught the English forces as they crossed a bridge across the Forth. | | 1298 | May | Edward at York | | | | Edward I held a Parliament at York to discuss the situation in Scotland. It wasn't long before an English army was prepared to go into Scotland. | | Jul 22 | Battle of Falkirk | | | | Edward's army defeated Wallace. The battle is dominated by the English and Welsh longbows. |
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| People who played important roles in this time period |
Margaret (Maid of Norway)
Alexander III died leaving no male heir. Margaret was Alexander's granddaughter and next in line for the Scottish throne. Her mother was Alexander's only daughter and her father was Erik II, the king of Norway. Born in 1283, Margaret was only three years old when her grandfather died. She is commonl (more...)
Eleanor (of Castile)
Eleanor, the daughter of Joan of Ponthieu and Ferdinand III of Castile, married Edward (I) the heir to the English throne. Both Edward and Eleanor were descended from Henry II. Henry was Edward's great-grandfather while Henry was Eleanor's great-great-grandfather.
Bruce, Robert (the Bruce, I, King of the Scots 1306-1329)
Robert I of Scotland was a member of the Bruce family. A certain amount of confusion can occur when reading about the Bruce family because the elder son in each generation is commonly called Robert. When Edward I, king of England, had taken control of Scotland in 1296 Robert swore loyalty to the Eng (more...)
EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327)
OriginsEdward was the youngest son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, but he was the only son to live longer than his father. He was born in 1284 at Caernarvon Castle only a year after the castle's construction was begun. Edward may have been a lonely child as his father was always away (more...)
Balliol, Edward (King of Scotland 1332)
Edward was the eldest son of John Balliol, the king of the Scots. With help from Edward III Edward Balliol claimed the Scottish throne after defeating David II at Dupplin Muir in 1332. Balliol was forced to relinquish the throne a few months later but was helped back into power in 1333 by Edward III (more...)
Wallace, William
Margaret (of France)
Married Edward I.
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| Battles that took place in this time period |
1296 Apr 27 - Battle of Dunbar
John Balliol was defeated at the battle of Dunbar by Edward I.
1297 Sep 11 - Battle at Stirling Bridge
William Wallace and Andrew De Moray leaders of the Scottish revolt in the South and North joined forces and defeated the English army led by Surrey at Stirling. The Scots caught the English forces as they crossed a bridge across the Forth.
1298 Jul 22 - Battle of Falkirk
Edward's army defeated Wallace. The battle is dominated by the English and Welsh longbows.
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| Building work undertaken in this time period |
York Minster 1291 - 1345
Building work on the Nave and West Front of York Minster until 1345.
Exeter Cathedral 1292 - 1307
Bishop Bitton rebuilt the choir at Exeter Cathedral between 1292 and 1307.
Carlisle Cathedral 1292 - 1322
Work began on rebuilding the choir, piers and east bay of the cathedral after a damaging fire
Wells Cathedral 1293 - 1310
The Chapter House and the complicated arrangement of steps leading to them were started in this year and were not completed until around 1310.
Southwell Cathedral 1295 - 1300
Work began on the Chapter-house of Southwell Cathedral in 1295 and continued until 1300
Beaumaris Castle 1295
Building work on Beaumaris Castle is begun.
Norwich Cathedral 1297 - 1318
Cloisters at Norwich Cathedral were built between 1297 and 1318.
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