1290 - 1299 (10 Year Overview)
 
Main Key People Battles Construction
RulerCountryStart of ReignAge at 1290
Edward IEngland127251
1290 Quia Emptores 
1290 Jul 18Treaty of Brigham 
1290 Nov 28Eleanor of Castile dies 
1290 DecThe 'Eleanor Crosses' 
1291 Licence to crenelate at Stokesay 
1291 May 10Edward I meets Scottish Claimants 
1292 English and Norman sailor fight 
1292 Nov 17John Balliol chosen by Edward I as Scottish King 
1294 Outrage at Philippe's actions 
1294 Edward Balliol asks for resources 
1294 MayPhilippe IV confiscates Gascony 
1294 Oct 30A Welsh rebellion 
1295 JanEdward besieged at Conway 
1295 AprEdward occupies Anglesey 
1295 NovThe first Model Parliament 
1296 Edward captures Urquhart Castle 
1296 AprBalliol: Renounces homage to England 
1296 Apr 27Battle of Dunbar 
1296 SummerPhilippe IV threatens Edward  
1296 JulBalliol: Surrenders at Stracathro, Edward takes the Stone of Scone 
1296 AugThe First Interregnum 
1297 JanMarriage proposal 
1297 FebEdward is deserted by the Barons 
1297 Apr 14Edward appeals for support 
1297 JulConfederacy formed and destroyed 
1297 AugEdward sails for Flanders 
1297 AugConfirmation of the Charters 
1297 WinterEdward accepts Truce 
1298 MayEdward at York 
1298 Jul 22Battle of Falkirk 
1299 MarEdward evades Parliament 
1299 SepEdward marries 
MargaretScotland1286?
MargaretScotland1286?
First InterregnumScotland1290?
John BalliolScotland1292?
1291 May 10Edward I meets Scottish Claimants 
1292 Nov 17John Balliol chosen by Edward I as Scottish King 
1292 Nov 30John Balliol become King of the Scots 
1295 OctTreaty Auld Alliance 
1296 AprBalliol: Renounces homage to England 
1296 Apr 27Battle of Dunbar 
1296 JulBalliol: Surrenders at Stracathro, Edward takes the Stone of Scone 
Second InterregnumScotland1296?
Philippe IVFrance1285?
1291 Beaugency is bought by Philippe 
1293 Philippe obtains Maguellone and Montpellier 
1294 Outrage at Philippe's actions 
1294 MayPhilippe IV confiscates Gascony 
1296 SummerPhilippe IV threatens Edward  
1297 JanMarriage proposal 
1299 SepEdward marries 
Edward I and Scotland
1290Jul 18Treaty of Brigham
  The agreement of the marriage between Margaret Maid of Norway to the first Prince of Wales Prince Edward (II). Margaret was the granddaughter of Alexander III the king of Scotland and was the successor to the Scottish crown. Margaret died on the journey. This led to disputed succession in Scotland.
SepMargaret, 'Maid of Norway' dies on voyage
  Margaret, the 'Maid of Norway', granddaughter of Alexander III and next in line for the Scottish crown was travelling to Scotland when she died on Orkney during the voyage.
1291May 10Edward I meets Scottish Claimants
  Edward I met the claimants for the Scottish crown at Norham. There were three main claimants to the throne all of whom were descended from David Earl of Huntingdon, the brother of William the Lion who died in 1214. The three men were John Balliol, Robert Bruce and John Hastings. The decision was delayed until the following year to allow all the facts to be taken into account.
1292Nov 17John Balliol chosen by Edward I as Scottish King
  At Berwick Edward I declared John Balliol to be the new Scottish King.
1294Edward Balliol asks for resources
  Edward Balliol arrived in London and asked for men and money for Edward's French war.
1295OctTreaty Auld Alliance
  John Balliol went to France and arranged the Treaty Auld Alliance (Content ?)
1296Edward captures Urquhart Castle
  The castle on Loch Ness fell to the English. Sir William Fitz Warine was left in charge of the castle as its Constable.
AprBalliol: Renounces homage to England
  In March of 1296 Edward I had attacked and sacked Berwick. Balliol renounced homage to England.
Apr 27Battle of Dunbar
  John Balliol was defeated at the battle of Dunbar by Edward I.
JulBalliol: Surrenders at Stracathro, Edward takes the Stone of Scone
  The English had taken many castles and in July 1296 Balliol surrendered to Edward I. Balliol was allowed to retire to France some years later. Edward advanced to Elgin and on his return to England took the Stone of Scone.
1297Sep 11Battle at Stirling Bridge
  William Wallace and Andrew De Moray leaders of the Scottish revolt in the South and North joined forces and defeated the English army led by Surrey at Stirling. The Scots caught the English forces as they crossed a bridge across the Forth.
1298MayEdward at York
  Edward I held a Parliament at York to discuss the situation in Scotland. It wasn't long before an English army was prepared to go into Scotland.
Jul 22Battle of Falkirk
  Edward's army defeated Wallace. The battle is dominated by the English and Welsh longbows.

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People who played important roles in this time period
Margaret (Maid of Norway)
Alexander III died leaving no male heir. Margaret was Alexander's granddaughter and next in line for the Scottish throne. Her mother was Alexander's only daughter and her father was Erik II, the king of Norway. Born in 1283, Margaret was only three years old when her grandfather died. She is commonl (more...)

Eleanor (of Castile)
Eleanor, the daughter of Joan of Ponthieu and Ferdinand III of Castile, married Edward (I) the heir to the English throne. Both Edward and Eleanor were descended from Henry II. Henry was Edward's great-grandfather while Henry was Eleanor's great-great-grandfather.

Bruce, Robert (the Bruce, I, King of the Scots 1306-1329)
Robert I of Scotland was a member of the Bruce family. A certain amount of confusion can occur when reading about the Bruce family because the elder son in each generation is commonly called Robert. When Edward I, king of England, had taken control of Scotland in 1296 Robert swore loyalty to the Eng (more...)

EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327)
Origins

Edward was the youngest son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, but he was the only son to live longer than his father. He was born in 1284 at Caernarvon Castle only a year after the castle's construction was begun. Edward may have been a lonely child as his father was always away (more...)

Balliol, Edward (King of Scotland 1332)
Edward was the eldest son of John Balliol, the king of the Scots. With help from Edward III Edward Balliol claimed the Scottish throne after defeating David II at Dupplin Muir in 1332. Balliol was forced to relinquish the throne a few months later but was helped back into power in 1333 by Edward III (more...)

Wallace, William


Margaret (of France)
Married Edward I.


Battles that took place in this time period
1296 Apr 27 - Battle of Dunbar
John Balliol was defeated at the battle of Dunbar by Edward I.

1297 Sep 11 - Battle at Stirling Bridge
William Wallace and Andrew De Moray leaders of the Scottish revolt in the South and North joined forces and defeated the English army led by Surrey at Stirling. The Scots caught the English forces as they crossed a bridge across the Forth.

1298 Jul 22 - Battle of Falkirk
Edward's army defeated Wallace. The battle is dominated by the English and Welsh longbows.


Building work undertaken in this time period
York Minster 1291 - 1345
Building work on the Nave and West Front of York Minster until 1345.

Exeter Cathedral 1292 - 1307
Bishop Bitton rebuilt the choir at Exeter Cathedral between 1292 and 1307.

Carlisle Cathedral 1292 - 1322
Work began on rebuilding the choir, piers and east bay of the cathedral after a damaging fire

Wells Cathedral 1293 - 1310
The Chapter House and the complicated arrangement of steps leading to them were started in this year and were not completed until around 1310.

Southwell Cathedral 1295 - 1300
Work began on the Chapter-house of Southwell Cathedral in 1295 and continued until 1300

Beaumaris Castle 1295
Building work on Beaumaris Castle is begun.

Norwich Cathedral 1297 - 1318
Cloisters at Norwich Cathedral were built between 1297 and 1318.


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