| Ruler | Country | Start of Reign | Age at 1470 |
| Edward IV | England | 1461 | 28 | | 1470 Mar 12 | Lincolnshire rebellion  | | 1470 Sep 13 | Warwick lands in England | | 1470 Qtr 4 | Louis declares war on Burgundy | | 1470 Oct 2 | Edward flees to Burgundy | | 1471 Jan | Support for Edward IV | | 1471 Mar 14 | Edward returns to England | | 1471 Apr 4 | Clarence rejoins his brothers | | 1471 Apr 11 | London falls to Edward | | 1471 Apr 14 | The Battle of Barnet | | 1471 May 4 | The Battle of Tewkesbury | | 1471 May 21 | The murder of Henry VI | | 1473 Oct | Marriage agreement between England and Scotland | | 1474 Jul | Treaty of London | | 1475 Jul | Edward invades France | | 1475 Aug | Peace treaty signed | | 1476 Dec | Edward prevents marriage | | 1477 | Edward buys Beaudesert Castle | | 1477 | Work starts on St. George's Chapel | | 1477 Jun | Clarence arrested | | 1478 Feb 7 | Clarence sentenced to death |
| | James III | Scotland | 1460 | ? | | Louis XI | France | 1461 | ? | | 1470 Jul 22 | Warwick and the Lancastrians | | 1475 Jul | Edward invades France | | 1475 Aug | Peace treaty signed |
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War of the Roses
| 1470 | Mar 12 | Lincolnshire rebellion | | | | A rebellion had begun in Lincolnshire early in the year and had been mostly been dealt with by Edward, but Sir Robert (Welles ?) had escaped capture and was still on the run. Edward finally caught up with Sir Robert near Stamford in Lincolnshire. In the battle known as Empingham (or Lose-Coat), Sir Robert was captured and confessed that the rebellion had been master-minded by the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence. | | May | Warwick and Clarence escape to France | | | | After their treachery had been uncovered, the Earl of Warwick and Duke of Clarence fled to France. Warwick's plan was to get help from the French King. | | Jul 22 | Warwick and the Lancastrians | | | | Louis XI, the French King devised a plan to remove Edward IV from the English throne. Louis persuaded the Earl of Warwick (a Yorkist) and Margaret of Anjou the exiled wife of Henry VI (a Lancastrian) to combine forces and attempt to over through Edward. Warwick and Margaret met on 22 July at Anger Cathedral to put their differences aside and to agree on a course of action. | | Jul 31 | The plan to restore Henry VI | | | | Warwick promised to restore Henry VI to the English throne, and he betrothed his youngest daughter Anne to Margaret's son Edward, the Prince of Wales. | | Sep 13 | Warwick lands in England | | | | The Earl of Warwick landed at Dartmouth in Devon accompanied by the Lancastrian Earl of Oxford and Jasper Tudor, the half-brother of Henry VI. Edward was in the north at the time of Warwick's return and was turned upon by John Neville, Warwick's brother. Although John Neville had accepted Edward as King, Edward had removed John's title of Earl of Northumberland earlier in the year and given it to the Percys. | | Oct | Henry restored as King | | | | Henry VI was released from the Tower of London by the Earl of Warwick and crowned King of England for the second time. | | Oct 2 | Edward flees to Burgundy | | | | Warwick did not need to fight the King. Edward was outnumbered and was almost captured by John Neville at Doncaster. Along with his brother Richard and a small party of followers, Edward travelled to Lynn in Norfolk where he sailed to Burgundy and refuge. | | 1471 | Mar 14 | Edward returns to England | | | | With a small combined force of English and Burgundians, Edward landed on the Yorkshire coast. His fleet had been hit and scattered by a storm off the coast of Norfolk. Luckily for Edward he wasn't attacked even though Lord Montagu, the Earl of Northumberland, was close by. As he marched south, Edward gained supporters and his army grew. | | Apr 4 | Clarence rejoins his brothers | | | | George, Duke of Clarence deserted the Earl of Warwick and joined his brothers Edward and Richard. Importantly for the Yorkist cause, he brought with him a sizable army. | | Apr 11 | London falls to Edward | | | | The Earl of Warwick was in Coventry and apparently unwilling to confront Edward, so Edward marched south to London. London was under the control of Warwick's brother, George Neviile the Archbishop of York, but the Londoners were Yorkists and they welcomed the return of their true king. | | Apr 14 | The Battle of Barnet | | | | The Earl of Warwick had left Coventry to confront Edward. The armies met at Barnet just north of London in thick fog. The two battle lines overlapped and Warwick's Lancastrian men commanded by the Earl of Oxford were able to get around the Yorkists commanded by Lord Hastings. Hastings' men fled back to London with Oxford's men in hot pursuit. On the other side of the battle the Yorkists, led by Richard, were outflanking the Lancastrians and took the advantage pushing their enemy back. When Oxford's men returned to the battle they were mistakenly fired upon by their fellow Lancastrians and fled. By early evening Lord Montagu and the Earl of Warwick were dead. The Lancastrians were defeated. | | May | London attacked by rebels | | | | A group of men from Kent attacked London but left the city before the victorious Edward returned after the battle of Tewkesbury. | | May 4 | The Battle of Tewkesbury | | | | The Yorkists led by Edward and Richard met the Lancastrians at Tewkesbury. Richard was able to outflank the Lancastrians led by Edmund Beaufort, the self-proclaimed Duke of Somerset. Once Somerset's men had been dealt with, Richard attacked the rear of the Lancastrian line which broke apart and fled. Many of the Lancastrian leaders were caught and killed including Edward the Prince of Wales. | | May 21 | The murder of Henry VI | | | | Edward arrived back in London and that night Henry VI was murdered at the Tower of London. |
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| People who played important roles in this time period |
George (Duke of Clarence)
Details supplied by Dorothy DaviesGeorge Plantagenet was born in Dublin on the 21st October 1449. He was the 3rd surviving son of Richard, Duke of York and Lady Cecily Neville. At the time his father was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Later they returned to Fotheringhay, which became home (more...)
Neville, Richard (Earl of Warwick, 'The Kingmaker')
Richard was a member of the powerful Neville family. His grandfather Ralph Neville had married the daughter of John of Gaunt (the son of Edward III) and his father gained the title Earl of Salisbury when he married Alice the previous Earl of Salisbuy's daughter. Richard himself married Anne Beaucham (more...)
Margaret (of Anjou)
Margaret of Anjou was the wife of Henry VI. The marriage between the two was arranged as part of the Treaty of Tours in 1444 between Henry and Charles VII of France. Henry and Margaret were married in 1445. They had one child, Edward, who was born in 1453. Queen Margaret led the fight for the Lancas (more...)
Neville, John (Earl of Northumberland, Lord Montagu)
John was the brother of Richard Neville, the 'Kingmaker'.
EDWARD (V, King of England 1483)
Too young to rule Edward was the King of England for less than three months during 1483. He was the son of Edward IV, King of England and Elizabeth Woodville. Edward V was only thirteen years old when his father died in April 1483 and was too young to rule unaided. His uncle Richard, Duke (more...)
Woodville, Elizabeth
Details supplied by Dorothy Davies Web Link: Woodville website by Dorothy Davies The eldest child of Richard and Jacquetta Woodville arrived in 1437 and grew up to be incredibly beautiful. As Richard Woodville was known as t (more...)
HENRY (VI, King of England 1422-1461, 1470-1471)
Minority Henry was King of England from 1422 to 1471. His father was Henry V, King of England, and his mother was Catherine of Valois a daughter of King Charles VI, King of France. Henry became King of England in September of 1422 when he was less than a year old after the death of his fat (more...)
Richard (III, King of England 1483-1485)
Richard only reigned for two years, from 6th July 1483 until his death at the battle of Bosworth on 22nd August 1485. Richard was the thirteenth and last Plantagenet king and the last king to be killed in battle. We see Richard depicted as a hunch-back by Shakespeare but this deformity may be exagg (more...)
Neville, George (Archbishop of York)
Brother of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and 'Kingmaker'. After the battle of Northampton the Yorkists gained power and George was made chancellor of England. At this time he was already Bishop of Exeter. George became Archbishop of York in 1465.
Edward (Prince of Wales)
Son of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou.
Beaufort, Edmund
Edmund Beaufort was the son of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset who was killed at the Battle of St. Albans in 1455. Edmund, like his father, was a Lancastrian supporter and was exiled when the the Yorkist Edward IV took control of the country in 1461. Edmund proclaimed himself the Duke of Somer (more...)
Richard (Duke of York, Prince in the Tower)
Richard was the son of Edward IV, King of England. Richard's elder brother was called Edward who became king of England as Edward V in April of 1483 after the death of their father. Edward V was only thirteen years old when he became king and too young to rule unaided. Richard and Edward's uncle was (more...)
Neville, Anne
Wife first to Edward, Prince of Wales (son of Henry VI) and then to Richard III.
Cecily (Daughter of Edward IV)
Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. In 1473 Cecily was betrothed to James the son of James III, King of Scotland in return for peace on the border between England and Scotland. Cecily was only four at the time and the arrangement would have to wait until both she and James were old enough (more...)
James (III, King of Scotland 1460-1488)
King of Scotland from 1460 to 1488.
James (IV, King of Scotland 1488-1513)
King of Scotland.
Neville, Isabel
Wife of George, Duke of Clarence.
Woodville, Anthony (Earl Rivers)
Details supplied by Dorothy Davies Anthony Woodville was the oldest son of Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxemburg. He was destined for high office due to his noble birth and he fulfilled all expectations. He was highly educated, extremely intelligent, pious and a fine swordsmen. He (more...)
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| Battles that took place in this time period |
1471 Apr 14 - The Battle of Barnet
The Earl of Warwick had left Coventry to confront Edward. The armies met at Barnet just north of London in thick fog. The two battle lines overlapped and Warwick's Lancastrian men commanded by the Earl of Oxford were able to get around the Yorkists commanded by Lord Hastings. Hastings' men fled back to London with Oxford's men in hot pursuit. On the other side of the battle the Yorkists, led by Richard, were outflanking the Lancastrians and took the advantage pushing their enemy back. When Oxford's men returned to the battle they were mistakenly fired upon by their fellow Lancastrians and fled. By early evening Lord Montagu and the Earl of Warwick were dead. The Lancastrians were defeated.
1471 May 4 - The Battle of Tewkesbury
The Yorkists led by Edward and Richard met the Lancastrians at Tewkesbury. Richard was able to outflank the Lancastrians led by Edmund Beaufort, the self-proclaimed Duke of Somerset. Once Somerset's men had been dealt with, Richard attacked the rear of the Lancastrian line which broke apart and fled. Many of the Lancastrian leaders were caught and killed including Edward the Prince of Wales.
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| Building work undertaken in this time period |
York Minster 1470 - 1474
Building work on the north-west tower of York Minster until 1474.
Windsor Castle 1477
The construction of the massive church at Windsor Castle was begun by Edward IV. The church was not completed until 1528 in the reign of Henry VIII some fifty years later.
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